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Articles 271 - 300 of 320

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Rhamnolipids Modulate Swarming Motility Patterns Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Nicky C. Caiazza, Robert M. Q. Shanks, G. A. O'Toole Nov 2005

Rhamnolipids Modulate Swarming Motility Patterns Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Nicky C. Caiazza, Robert M. Q. Shanks, G. A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of twitching, swimming, and swarming motility. The latter form of translocation occurs on semisolid surfaces, requires functional flagella and biosurfactant production, and results in complex motility patterns. From the point of inoculation, bacteria migrate as defined groups, referred to as tendrils, moving in a coordinated manner capable of sensing and responding to other groups of cells. We were able to show that P. aeruginosa produces extracellular factors capable of modulating tendril movement, and genetic analysis revealed that modulation of these movements was dependent on rhamnolipid biosynthesis. An rhlB mutant (deficient in mono- and dirhamnolipid production) and …


Collection, Isolation And Evaluation Of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria In The Rio Grande Valley Of Texas, Thomas M. Eubanks May 2005

Collection, Isolation And Evaluation Of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria In The Rio Grande Valley Of Texas, Thomas M. Eubanks

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Isolation from local soil samples with Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) produced 20 samples from which pure cultures were obtained. A commercial strain of Rhizobium #132 was obtained from Becker Underwood and included as a standard in the experiment. The results demonstrated that a variety of infective and effective of strains of Rhizobium nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) exist in the native soils of the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. A cluster of effective bacteria was identified and can serve as a basis for recommendations to inoculant industry in the Valley. An isolate collection has been established to serve as a source of …


Identification Of A Tcpc-Tcpq Outer Membrane Complex Involved In The Biogenesis Of The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Of Vibrio Cholerae, Niranjan Bose, Ronald K. Taylor Apr 2005

Identification Of A Tcpc-Tcpq Outer Membrane Complex Involved In The Biogenesis Of The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus Of Vibrio Cholerae, Niranjan Bose, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

The toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) of Vibrio cholerae and the soluble TcpF protein that is secreted via the TCP biogenesis apparatus are essential for intestinal colonization. The TCP biogenesis apparatus is composed of at least nine proteins but is largely uncharacterized. TcpC is an outer membrane lipoprotein required for TCP biogenesis that is a member of the secretin protein superfamily. In the present study, analysis of TcpC in a series of strains deficient in each of the TCP biogenesis proteins revealed that TcpC was absent specifically in a tcpQ mutant. TcpQ is a predicted periplasmic protein required for TCP biogenesis. Fractionation …


T-Cell Responses To The M3 Immune Evasion Protein Of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 68 Are Partially Protective And Induced With Lytic Antigen Kinetics, Joshua J. Obar, Douglas C. Donovan, Sarah G. Crist, Ondine Silvia, James P. Stewart, Edward J. Usherwood Oct 2004

T-Cell Responses To The M3 Immune Evasion Protein Of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 68 Are Partially Protective And Induced With Lytic Antigen Kinetics, Joshua J. Obar, Douglas C. Donovan, Sarah G. Crist, Ondine Silvia, James P. Stewart, Edward J. Usherwood

Dartmouth Scholarship

DNA vaccination with the M3 gene, encoding an immune evasion molecule expressed during both the acute lytic and persistent phases of murid gammaherpesvirus 68 infection, yielded a significantly lower titer of virus in the lung than controls. The protection seen was dependent on T cells, and we mapped an epitope recognized by CD8 T cells. The immune response to this epitope follows the same kinetics as lytic cycle antigens, despite the fact that this gene is expressed in both lytic and persistent stages of infection. This has important implications for our understanding of T-cell responses to putative latency-associated gammaherpesvirus proteins …


Isolation And Characterization Of A Generalized Transducing Phage For Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Pao1 And Pa14, Jonathan M. Budzik, William A. Rosche, Arne Rietsch, George A. O'Toole May 2004

Isolation And Characterization Of A Generalized Transducing Phage For Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Pao1 And Pa14, Jonathan M. Budzik, William A. Rosche, Arne Rietsch, George A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

A temperate, type IV pilus-dependent, double-stranded DNA bacteriophage named DMS3 was isolated from a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A clear-plaque variant of this bacteriophage was isolated. DMS3 is capable of mediating generalized transduction within and between P. aeruginosa strains PA14 and PAO1, thus providing a useful tool for the genetic analysis of P. aeruginosa.


A Dominant-Negative Fur Mutation In Bradyrhizobium Japonicum, Heather P. Benson, Kristin Levier, Mary Lou Guerinot Mar 2004

A Dominant-Negative Fur Mutation In Bradyrhizobium Japonicum, Heather P. Benson, Kristin Levier, Mary Lou Guerinot

Dartmouth Scholarship

In many bacteria, the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein plays a central role in the regulation of iron uptake genes. Because iron figures prominently in the agriculturally important symbiosis between soybean and its nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum, we wanted to assess the role of Fur in the interaction. We identified a fur mutant by selecting for manganese resistance. Manganese interacts with the Fur protein and represses iron uptake genes. In the presence of high levels of manganese, bacteria with a wild-type copy of the furgene repress iron uptake systems and starve for iron, whereas fur mutants fail to …


Estimation Of Microbial Diversity In Poultry Litter Using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism And Isolation Of Phosphate Accumulating Bacteria From Poultry Litter, Yoganand Vadari Jan 2004

Estimation Of Microbial Diversity In Poultry Litter Using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism And Isolation Of Phosphate Accumulating Bacteria From Poultry Litter, Yoganand Vadari

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The contamination of fresh water by phosphates in poultry litter results in substantial eutrophication of fresh water causing fish kills and other types of environmental damage. The poultry indus try in Kentucky is expanding rapidly. The number of broilers is increasing as more poultry farms are established in the state producing waste that needs disposal. Investigations were made to study the possibility of using microorganisms normally found in poultry litter to sequester phosphate, thereby delaying phosphate runoff after litter is applied to croplands. Little is known, however, about the microflora of poultry litter. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S …


Cd40-Associated Traf 6 Signaling Is Required For Disease Induction In A Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency, Kathy A. Green, Cory L. Ahonen, W. James Cook, William R. Green Jan 2004

Cd40-Associated Traf 6 Signaling Is Required For Disease Induction In A Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency, Kathy A. Green, Cory L. Ahonen, W. James Cook, William R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

LP-BM5 retrovirus-infected C57BL/6 mice develop splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia, and immunodeficiency; thus, this disease has been named mouse AIDS. In this syndrome, CD154/CD40 interactions are required for but do not mediate disease by upregulation of CD80 or CD86. We report here that there is nonetheless a necessity for CD40 signaling competence, specifically an intact tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF 6) binding site.


Mechanism Of Toxt-Dependent Transcriptional Activation At The Vibrio Cholerae Tcpa Promoter, Robin R. Hulbert, Ronald K. Taylor Oct 2002

Mechanism Of Toxt-Dependent Transcriptional Activation At The Vibrio Cholerae Tcpa Promoter, Robin R. Hulbert, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

The AraC homolog ToxT coordinately regulates virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. ToxT is required for transcriptional activation of the genes encoding cholera toxin and the toxin coregulated pilus, among others. In this work we focused on the interaction of ToxT with the tcpA promoter and investigated the mechanism of ToxT-dependent transcriptional activation at tcpA. Deletion analysis showed that a region from −95 to +2 was sufficient for ToxT binding and activation, both of which were simultaneously lost when the deletion was extended to −63. A collection of point mutations generated by error-prone PCR revealed two small regions required …


Cyanonews (Vol. 17, No. 1, 2002), Jeff Elhai Jan 2002

Cyanonews (Vol. 17, No. 1, 2002), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


The Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutinin Of Vibrio Cholerae Promotes Adherence To Zooplankton, Deborah A. Chiavelli, Jane W. Marsh, Ronald K. Taylor Apr 2001

The Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutinin Of Vibrio Cholerae Promotes Adherence To Zooplankton, Deborah A. Chiavelli, Jane W. Marsh, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

The bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is often found attached to plankton, a property that is thought to contribute to its environmental persistence in aquatic habitats. The V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype and V. cholerae O139 strains produce a surface pilus termed the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA), whereas V. cholerae O1 classical biotype strains do not. Although V. cholerae O1 classical does not elaborate MSHA, the gene is present and expressed at a level comparable to that of the other strains. Since V. cholerae O1 El Tor and V. cholerae O139 have displaced V. cholerae O1 classical …


Cyanonews (Vol. 16, No. 1, December 2001), Jeff Elhai Jan 2001

Cyanonews (Vol. 16, No. 1, December 2001), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Nitric Oxide And Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbioses: Pieces Of A Puzzle, Henry G. Trapido-Rosenthal, Katherine H. Sharp Jan 2001

Nitric Oxide And Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbioses: Pieces Of A Puzzle, Henry G. Trapido-Rosenthal, Katherine H. Sharp

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

The presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity is demonstrated in the tropical marine cnidarian Aiptasia pallida and in its symbiotic dinoflagellate algae, Symbiodinium bermudense. Enzyme activity was assayed by measuring the conversion of arginine to citrulline. Biochemical characterization of NOS from Aiptasia was characterized with respect to cellular localization, substrate and cofactor requirements, inhibitors, and kinetics. In response to acute temperature shock, anemones retracted their tentacles. Animals subjected to such stress had lower NOS activities than did controls. Treatment with NOS inhibitors caused tentacular retraction, while treatment with the NOS substrate L-arginine inhibited this response to stress, as did …


Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning Feb 2000

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.


Cyanonews (Vol. 15, No. 1, July 2000), Jeff Elhai Jan 2000

Cyanonews (Vol. 15, No. 1, July 2000), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 14, No. 1, August 1998), Jeff Elhai Jan 1998

Cyanonews (Vol. 14, No. 1, August 1998), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 13, No. 1, July 1997), Jeff Elhai Jan 1997

Cyanonews (Vol. 13, No. 1, July 1997), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 12, No. 2, July 1996), Jeff Elhai Jan 1996

Cyanonews (Vol. 12, No. 2, July 1996), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 12, No. 1, January 1996), Jeff Elhai Jan 1996

Cyanonews (Vol. 12, No. 1, January 1996), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis: A Molecular Epidemiology Study, Lyndell R. Gill May 1995

Moraxella (Branhamella) Catarrhalis: A Molecular Epidemiology Study, Lyndell R. Gill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is the third-most-frequently isolated microorganism associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in patients during their stay at the Mountain Home VA Medical Center (MHVAMC). In order to develop a practical, epidemiologically-meaningful typing method for M. (B.) catarrhalis, we tested two methods based on analysis of chromosomal DNA for typeability, reproducibility, and ability to differentiate between unrelated strains (discriminatory power, D). M. (B.) catarrhalis isolants from MHVAMC from 7/1/87-6/30/88 were grown overnight in broth and embedded in agarose. DNA was isolated by standard methods. The DNA was subjected to: (1) restriction endonuclease digestion (with either Bgl II …


Cyanonews (Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1995), Jeff Elhai Jan 1995

Cyanonews (Vol. 11, No. 1, February 1995), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 11, No. 2, July 1995), Jeff Elhai Jan 1995

Cyanonews (Vol. 11, No. 2, July 1995), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 10, No. 2, July 1994), Jeff Elhai Jan 1994

Cyanonews (Vol. 10, No. 2, July 1994), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 10, No. 1, February 1994), Jeff Elhai Jan 1994

Cyanonews (Vol. 10, No. 1, February 1994), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


A Characterization Of Extractable, Hydroxylated Fatty Acid Bearing Components In Legionella Pneumophila, Jonathan R. Lane Dec 1993

A Characterization Of Extractable, Hydroxylated Fatty Acid Bearing Components In Legionella Pneumophila, Jonathan R. Lane

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Extraction of the lipids of Legionella pneumophila yields phases unlike those produced from other Gram-negative bacteria. A viscous interface forms between the aqueous (wash) and organic phases. More than half of the hydroxylated fatty acids were found distributed between the aqueous phase and the interfacial material, fractions in which such constituents have not been reported in other Gram-negative species. It was further observed that after the material from the aqueous/interfacial phase was dissolved in methanol or chloroform/methanol (2:1 (V/V)), the addition of acetone would create a white, flocculent precipitate. Analyses showed that the supernatant contained fatty acids that were nonhydroxylated …


Nitric Oxide Production: A Mechanism For Inhibition Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Replication, Bojun Chen Dec 1993

Nitric Oxide Production: A Mechanism For Inhibition Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Replication, Bojun Chen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) replicates in macrophages, but is inhibited by IFN-$\gamma$ or LPS. IFN-$\gamma$ and/or LPS induced nitrite production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7 and J774A.1) and McCoy cells. Kinetic studies indicated that peak production occurred 48 hours post-treatment. CT infection itself was insufficient to induce nitrite production, but resulted in enhancement of nitrite production in IFN-$\gamma$-treated cells. Treatment with IFN-$\gamma$ or LPS resulted in significant inhibition of CT replication in these cells. Strong correlation between nitrite production and inhibition of CT replication was observed in RAW264.7 and J774A.1 cells (correlation coefficients: $-$0.93 and $-$0.94, p $<$ 0.001). N$\sp{\rm g}$- monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) specifically inhibited nitrite production and partially reversed inhibition of CT replication in macrophage cell lines. NOS mRNA was measured in RAW264.7 cells by Northern blot and Dot blot hybridization. Strong correlation between NOS mRNA expression and inhibition of CT replication (correlation coefficient: $-$0.97, p $<$ 0.05) was observed. Anti-TNF-$\alpha$ antibody completely neutralized the biological activity of TNF-$\alpha$ secreted by LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, yet the antibody neither reduced nitrite production nor restored CT replication. Combination of the antibody and L-NMMA significantly enhanced restoration of CT replication. In peritoneal macrophages, inhibition of CT replication induced by IFN-$\gamma$ was partially restored by L-NMMA or anti-TNF-$\alpha$ antibody. In McCoy cells, inhibition of CT replication induced by IFN-$\gamma$ and LPS was not significantly restored by L-NMMA. Great restoration of CT replication by 1 mM L-NMMA was observed in LPS-treated J774A.1 cells (31%), but not in IFN-$\gamma$-treated cells (5%). Our data indicate that (1) NO production is one of the mechanisms for inhibition of CT replication in IFN-$\gamma$-activated peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells; (2) NO plays a significant role in CT inhibition in LPS-treated macrophage cell lines, but not peritoneal macrophages; (3) TNF-$\alpha$ may be associated with inhibition, but the mechanism(s) may not involve NO production; (4) NO production may not be the mechanism for CT inhibition in McCoy cells treated with IFN-$\gamma$ and LPS.


Cyanonews (Vol. 9, No. 1, January 1993), Jeff Elhai Jan 1993

Cyanonews (Vol. 9, No. 1, January 1993), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Cyanonews (Vol. 9, No. 2, July 1993), Jeff Elhai Jan 1993

Cyanonews (Vol. 9, No. 2, July 1993), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.


Molecular And Cellular Analysis Of Chlamydia Trachomatis: Persistence And Reactivation, Kimberly R. Tau May 1992

Molecular And Cellular Analysis Of Chlamydia Trachomatis: Persistence And Reactivation, Kimberly R. Tau

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent sexually-transmitted infection in the United States. It has been suggested that CT infections can become latent. This has not been substantiated. CT persistence was examined at the molecular and cellular level in vitro and in vivo. Penicillin treatment of CT in vitro results in abnormal inclusions and reduced recovery of infectious CT. Penicillin did not inhibit initial stages of infection, but did downregulate CT rRNA levels after 25 hours post-inoculation (p.i.). DNA amplification was employed to differentiate between a resolved infection and a persistent one. Utilizing a primer pair that amplified a 144 …


Cyanonews (Vol. 8, No. 1, February 1992), Jeff Elhai Jan 1992

Cyanonews (Vol. 8, No. 1, February 1992), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.