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Articles 31 - 49 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Sumoylation Affects Ns1'S Ability To Neutralize The Interferon Response, Jeanette Cecilia Gonzalez
Sumoylation Affects Ns1'S Ability To Neutralize The Interferon Response, Jeanette Cecilia Gonzalez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
It is of huge concern the possibility that at some point in the future we may face a new pandemic involving a highly pathogenic virus due to our current preventive and treatment options to fight this viral disease. The main reason for such limitations is the ability of the virus to go over constant antigenic shifts and drifts on its viral surface proteins HA and NA. The constant mutations that affect this virus cause the need of developing new vaccines for each influenza season. Periodically, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that around 10% of the world population gets infected …
Characterization Of Ns1 Sumoylation And Its Effect On Influenza A Viral Infection, Katherine Anne Meraz
Characterization Of Ns1 Sumoylation And Its Effect On Influenza A Viral Infection, Katherine Anne Meraz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Influenza virus is a contagious respiratory virus responsible for seasonal epidemics and several catastrophic pandemics in the last century. Its genome is comprised of negative sense, single-stranded RNA and, after entering the cell, it is capable of hijacking the host cellular machinery for reproducing its own genetic material. The activation of cellular defenses against influenza viral infection are triggered upon viral entry and help regulate the course of viral infection. This study focused on the interplay between the influenza A virus and the cellular SUMOylation system during viral infection. The first part of this Dissertation deals with the relevance of …
The Characterization Of The Interplay Between Sumoylation And Influenza A Virus, Andres Santos
The Characterization Of The Interplay Between Sumoylation And Influenza A Virus, Andres Santos
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Influenza A virus is a negative sense single stranded RNA virus responsible for multiple devastating pandemics in the past. This virus is capable of entering multiple eukaryotic hosts, sequestering, and using their cellular machinery for its own replicative purposes. This plethora of molecular events is all orchestrated through a shockingly limited repertoire of only 11 viral proteins. All of which are all strictly dependent on cellular processes such as post-transcriptional regulation, protein translation, post-translational modifications, etc. This study is focused on the characterization of the interplay between Influenza A virus and the cellular SUMOylation system. The first part of this …
Expression And Characterization Of The Major Capsid Protein (Mcp) Of A Giant Marine Virus: Cafeteria Roenbergensis Virus, Sayan Chakraborty
Expression And Characterization Of The Major Capsid Protein (Mcp) Of A Giant Marine Virus: Cafeteria Roenbergensis Virus, Sayan Chakraborty
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The oceans play significant roles in maintaining the climate on Earth and providing nutrients to the whole biosphere. Oceanic microbes produce approximately half of the Earth's oxygen. It has been shown that the populations of microbial communities in oceans are largely regulated by viral infection and thus affect the marine ecosystem. Cafeteria roenbergensis Virus (CroV) is a giant marine virus with a linear, double stranded, and AT-rich DNA genome. The genome of CroV has a size of 744kb and encodes for 544 predicted genes. CroV derived its name from its host, a unicellular marine zooplankton Cafeteria roenbergensis (Cro) that is …
Sumoylation Exerts Minimal Effects On The Splicing Regulatory Activity Of The Influenza A Virus Non-Structural Protein Ns1, Griselda Melendez
Sumoylation Exerts Minimal Effects On The Splicing Regulatory Activity Of The Influenza A Virus Non-Structural Protein Ns1, Griselda Melendez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
One of the greatest challenges facing the development of a universal treatment for influenza infection is the virus's ability to mutate rapidly and produce new antigenic properties. Targeting the viral components of one strain does not ensure that the treatment will be effective with a newly developed strain. One alternative would be to develop therapies that target cellular factors the virus depends on for survivability. One of these factors is the cellular SUMOylation system. We have previously demonstrated that the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) interacts with the influenza virus by SUMOylating several viral proteins and by affecting the interferon blocking …
Role Of Post-Translational Modifications In The Hiv Cofactor Activity Of Ledgf/P75, Denisse Adriana Gutierrez
Role Of Post-Translational Modifications In The Hiv Cofactor Activity Of Ledgf/P75, Denisse Adriana Gutierrez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
see document.
Validation Of N-Myristoyltransferase As Potential Chemotherapeutic Target In Chagas Disease, Linda Herrera
Validation Of N-Myristoyltransferase As Potential Chemotherapeutic Target In Chagas Disease, Linda Herrera
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a problem endemic to Central and South America. In recent years, this neglected infectious disease has become a global health concern. The only clinically available drugs for the chemotherapy of Chagas disease have important disadvantages such as, high toxicity, strain resistance and variable efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new antichagasic agents. The enzyme N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) has been characterized in a range of eukaryotes, from Saccharomyces cerevisae to Homo sapiens. Moreover, NMT has been shown to be essential in protozoan parasites, including Leishmania …
The Threat Of Domestic Bioterrorism: Fact Or Fiction, Stacy M. Langston
The Threat Of Domestic Bioterrorism: Fact Or Fiction, Stacy M. Langston
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The threat of a domestic bioterrorist attack can be a daunting issue to cover. Using the analytic technique What If? Analysis a scenario was created for a domestic bioterrorism attack in Houston, TX. Indicators were developed to determine how to mitigate and respond to the attack. Recommendations were provided following the attack that can be used to prevent future attacks that were conducted in the scenario. Having a hindsight view of an attack is the best way to prevent and respond to the attack.
Further Characterization Of The Nodamura Virus Rna2 3'-Terminal Stem Loop Structure And Its Role In Viral Rna Replication, Joshua Frederick
Further Characterization Of The Nodamura Virus Rna2 3'-Terminal Stem Loop Structure And Its Role In Viral Rna Replication, Joshua Frederick
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Nodamura virus (NoV) is an excellent model system for studying many aspects of the life cycle of positive-strand RNA viruses. NoV's simple genome organization and ability to replicate its genome to high levels in a wide variety of host cells, including plants, yeast, insects and mammals (Ball et al., 1992; Garzon et al., 1978, 1990; Murphy et al., 1970; Price et al., 2005; Scherer & Hurlbut, 1967; Selling et al., 1990; reviewed by Ball & Johnson, 1998), make it a prime model system for studying the basic mechanisms of viral RNA replication. Other positive-strand RNA viruses, including those that are …
Investigation Of The Membrane Interactions Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Secreted Factors Esat-6 And Cfp-10, Joaquin A. De Leon
Investigation Of The Membrane Interactions Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Secreted Factors Esat-6 And Cfp-10, Joaquin A. De Leon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of the infectious disease tuberculosis, infecting about one-third of human race. Infections are not vast in the United States when compared to many other countries, yet many cases seen in the United States are of those who have immigrated to the United States. The Hispanic/Latino population in the United States contributes to a large fraction of those infected with tuberculosis in the United States. During this study we purified recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted factors ESAT-6 and CFP-10 from Escherichia coli. Here we have introduced a method in which we can refold and purify …
Molecular Mechanisms Of Poly [Adp-Ribose] Polymerase-1 In Hiv-1 Infection, Daniel Reyes
Molecular Mechanisms Of Poly [Adp-Ribose] Polymerase-1 In Hiv-1 Infection, Daniel Reyes
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a cellular enzyme involved in genome stability and transcriptional regulation. The role of this protein in HIV-1 infection is largely controversial. Some reports indicated a fundamental role of PARP-1 in HIV-1 DNA integration and results from other laboratories do not support these conclusions. An important characteristic in all these experiments is that the HIV-1 target cells that were used express, in addition to PARP-1, the functional homologue PARP-2. We evaluated the role of PARP-1 in the chicken B lymphoblastoid cell line DT40. These cells naturally lack PARP-2 and support the early steps of HIV infection. …
Interactions Of The Cellular Sumoylation System With Influenza A Virus And Its Non-Structural Protein Ns1a (Ns1a), Sangita Pal
Interactions Of The Cellular Sumoylation System With Influenza A Virus And Its Non-Structural Protein Ns1a (Ns1a), Sangita Pal
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The most important current anti-influenza weapons, vaccination and antiviral drugs, can be rapidly rendered fully ineffective thanks to the virus's high mutational rate, which produces viruses exhibiting new antigenic properties and structural proteins insensitive to the drug's mechanism of action. One attractive alternative is to develop drugs that modulate the activity of cellular systems either required for viral growth or able to neutralize viral growth. Here we demonstrate that the cellular SUMOylation system, a post-translational modification involving the conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) to specific protein targets using a Ubiquitin-like enzymatic cascade, interacts closely with influenza virus during …
Copper Isotope Fractionation During Surface Adsorption And Intracellular Incorporation By Bacteria, Jesica Urbina Navarrete
Copper Isotope Fractionation During Surface Adsorption And Intracellular Incorporation By Bacteria, Jesica Urbina Navarrete
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Copper isotopes may prove to be a useful tool for investigating bacteria-metal interactions recorded in natural waters, soils, and rocks. However, experimental data that constrain Cu isotope fractionation in biologic systems are limited and unclear. In this study we utilized Cu isotopes (65Cu) as a tool to investigate Cu-bacteria interactions, including surface adsorption and intracellular incorporation. Experiments were conducted with individual Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial species as well as with bacterial consortia from several natural environments. Adsorption experiments were conducted with live or dead cells over the pH range 2.5 to 6. Surface adsorption of Cu …
The Role Of Sumoylation Of Ledgf/P75 In Hiv-1 Infection, Murilo Tadeu Domingues Bueno
The Role Of Sumoylation Of Ledgf/P75 In Hiv-1 Infection, Murilo Tadeu Domingues Bueno
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) proteins p75 and p52 are transcriptional co-activators that protect cells from stresses through modulation of stress and heat shock-related genes. Besides regulating such genes, LEDGF/p75 is also important in the process of HOX gene expression and leukemia transformation driven by the MLL histone methyl transferase complex. By exploiting a similar mechanism of interaction between LEDGF/p75 and MLL, the HIV-1 viral protein Integrase (IN) associates with LEDGF/p75 in order to execute efficient viral DNA integration. This present work has identified that LEDGF proteins are posttranslationally modified by SUMO-1 and -3. SUMOylation was found to target …
Cis-Acting Signals For Replication Of Nodamura Virus Rna1, John Joseph Rosskopf
Cis-Acting Signals For Replication Of Nodamura Virus Rna1, John Joseph Rosskopf
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The family Nodaviridae is comprised of two genera: the alphanodaviruses that infect insects and the betanodaviruses, which have been isolated only from fish. Nodamura virus (NoV), the type species of the alphanodavirus genus, can lethally infect both insects (mosquitoes, honey bees, and wax moth larvae) and mammals (suckling mice and suckling hamsters). In addition, nodavirus RNAs can replicate in a wide variety of host cells, including those of mammalian, insect, plant, and yeast origin, when introduced by transfection. The nodavirus positive strand RNA genome is naturally segregated into two segments. RNA1 encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that replicates …
Implication For The Role Of Leptin-Induced Signaling As A Negative Regulator Of Dendritic Cell Function, Oscar Ramirez
Implication For The Role Of Leptin-Induced Signaling As A Negative Regulator Of Dendritic Cell Function, Oscar Ramirez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The incidence of obesity among the distinct world populations has become an ever growing concern. Central to the regulation of obesity is the adipocyte-derived hormone, and in more recent years cytokine, leptin. Leptin plays a central role in the maintenance of food consumption as well as the efficient use of peripheral energy stores. Leptin exerts its physiological role in energy homeostasis by regulating the expression of orexigenic peptides in the central nervous system. However, recent research has implicated leptin in other physiological roles including those of the immune system. As a pleiotropic cytokine, the absence of leptin has been shown …
The Role Of Rna Secondary Structure In Replication Of Nodamura Virus Rna2, John Howard Upton
The Role Of Rna Secondary Structure In Replication Of Nodamura Virus Rna2, John Howard Upton
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Our laboratory studies genome replication of positive-strand RNA viruses, using a reverse-genetic system in yeast cells. Nodamura virus (NoV) provides an excellent model system for the study of RNA replication due to its genetic simplicity, its robust yield of replication products, and its ability to replicate in a wide variety of host cells. NoV contains a bipartite positive strand RNA genome: RNA1 encodes the viral RNA replicase, while RNA2 encodes the capsid protein. The role of RNA secondary structure in the genome replication of other RNA viruses has been well established. For NoV, sequences at the 3' end of RNA2 …
Molecular Characterization Of Trypanosoma Cruzi And Shed Vesicle Components Involved In Host Immunomodulation And Cell Invasion, Ernesto Satoshi Nakayasu
Molecular Characterization Of Trypanosoma Cruzi And Shed Vesicle Components Involved In Host Immunomodulation And Cell Invasion, Ernesto Satoshi Nakayasu
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is a devastating infectious disease with millions of cases in Latin America, and recently became a public health concern in United States and Europe. Although many efforts have been made for the development of an effective immunotherapy, currently there is no human vaccine for Chagas disease. Thus, the treatment is based only on two drugs that have limited efficacy and in some cases present severe side effects. One restriction for the rational approach to develop new therapies against this disease is the limited information about the proteins, glycolipids and protein posttranslational modifications expressed by …
Giardia Lamblia: Genomic And Molecular Analyses Of Flippase, Diana Leticia Villazana-Kretzer
Giardia Lamblia: Genomic And Molecular Analyses Of Flippase, Diana Leticia Villazana-Kretzer
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Giardia lamblia, is an intestinal protozoan parasite responsible as a major cause of water-borne intestinal infection in humans (giardiasis). It has been proposed earlier that Giardia has limited lipid synThesis ability and therefore relies on preformed lipid molecules from outside sources. It has also been proposed that lipids are taken up through passive and active transport, and giardial flippasse play a significant role in this process. This study describes the identification and characterization of a putative homologue of flippase gene from Giardia. Flippase is an enzyme that functions as a trans-bilayer transport system facilitating the flip flop diffusion of phospholipids …