Microbiology Commons^™

Heat Shock Protein 70 Protects Cells From Cell Cycle Arrest And Apoptosis Induced By Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viral Protein R, Yuqi Zhao, Larisa Dubrovsky, Tatiana Iordanskaya, Mongzhong Chen, Dong Liang, Michael Bukrinsky, Sergey Iordanskiy

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Viral protein R (Vpr) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an accessory protein that plays an important role in viral pathogenesis. This pathogenic activity of Vpr is related in part to its capacity to induce cell cycle G₂ arrest and apoptosis of target T cells. A screening for multicopy suppressors of these Vpr activities in fission yeast identified heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as a suppressor of Vpr-induced cell cycle arrest. Hsp70 is a member of a family of molecular chaperones involved in innate immunity and protection from environmental stress. In this report, we demonstrate that HIV-1 …

Prion Infection Of Skeletal Muscle Cells And Papillae In The Tongue, Ellyn R. Mulcahy, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard Bessen

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The presence of the prion agent in skeletal muscle is thought to be due to the infection of nerve fibers located within the muscle. We report here that the pathological isoform of the prion protein, PrP^Sc, accumulates within skeletal muscle cells, in addition to axons, in the tongue of hamsters following intralingual and intracerebral inoculation of the HY strain of the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent. Localization of PrP^Sc to the neuromuscular junction suggests that this synapse is a site for prion agent spread between motor axon terminals and muscle cells. Following intracerebral inoculation, the majority of PrP …

Distribution Of Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 In Maternal Saliva And Breast Milk In Zambia: Implications For Transmission, Brad P. Brayfield, Chipepo Kankasa, John T. West, Jubra Muyanga, Ganapati Bhat, Winslow Klaskala, Charles D. Mitchell, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background. The seroprevalence of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in sub-Saharan Africa suggests that multiple routes of transmission exist. In the present study,we examined 2 possible routes of mother-to-child transmission, through breast milk and saliva, during the first 6 months after delivery. Methods. The prevalence of HHV-8 DNA in the breast-milk cells (n=75), milk supernatant (n=56), colostrum (n=2), and saliva cells (n=65) of HHV-8–seropositive mothers who recently gave birth was examined. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed for the detection of HHV-8 in cross-sectional samples isolated at 2, 4, and 6 months after delivery.

Results. None of the …

Cd4 T Cell Responses To Influenza Infection, Deborah M. Brown, Eulogia Roman, Susan L. Swain

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Immune responses to viral infections involve a complex orchestration between innate signals and adaptive responses of specific T and B cells. Anti-viral CD4 cells can direct CD8 responses by secreting a Type 1 panel of cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF- α and can drive B cell production of IgG2a to neutralize infective viral particles. This review will focus specifically on the role of CD4 cells in the immune response to influenza, an acute, localized respiratory viral infection. We suggest that CD4 cells act as direct effectors in protection against influenza, may contribute to immunopathology and generate functionally distinct memory …

Multiple Signal Transducers And Activators Of Transcription Are Induced By Ebv Lmp-1, Luwen Zhang, Ke Hong, Jun Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is required for EBV immortalization of primary B cells in vitro. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) play a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of certain cancers. STAT proteins, especially STAT-1, -3, and -5, are persistently tyrosine phosphorylated or activated in many cancers. We show here that EBV-infected type III latency cells, in which the EBV oncoprotein, LMP-1 is expressed, express high levels of four STATs (STAT-1, -2, -3, and -5A) and that LMP-1 is responsible for the induction of three (STAT-1, -2, and -3). In addition, the C-terminal …

Phylogenetic Analyses Of Texas Isolates Indicate An Evolving Subtype Of The Clade B Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses, Eric A. Weaver, Ellen W. Collisson, Margaret Slater, Guan Zhu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Rigorous phylogenetic analyses were used to compare the nucleotide sequences of feline immunodeficiency virus strains isolated from Texas and throughout the world. The envelope V3-V4 sequences and capsid gene of the Texas isolates formed a cluster between subtypes B and E. Statistical comparisons with other published sequences confirmed that the Texas group is a unique cluster, possibly a new subtype, arising from subtype B.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was initially isolated in 1987 from a cat in California with severe immunodeficiency and has been recognized as a common worldwide feline pathogen (11, 14, 19, 20, 33). FIV-infected cats exhibit a …

Genomes Of The Parapoxviruses Orf Virus And Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus, Gustavo A. Delhon, E. R. Tuhlman, C. L. Afonso, Z. Lu, A. De La Concha-Bermejillo, H. D. Lehmkuhl, M. E. Piccone, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and orf virus (ORFV), members of the genus Parapoxvirus of the Poxviridae, are etiologic agents of worldwide diseases affecting cattle and small ruminants, respectively. Here we report the genomic sequences and comparative analysis of BPSV strain BV-AR02 and ORFV strains OV-SA00, isolated from a goat, and OV-IA82, isolated from a sheep. Parapoxvirus (PPV) BV-AR02, OV-SA00, and OV-IA82 genomes range in size from 134 to 139 kbp, with an average nucleotide composition of 64% G+C. BPSV and ORFV genomes contain 131 and 130 putative genes, respectively, and share colinearity over 127 genes, 88 of which …

Cd46-Mediated Transduction Of A Species D Adenovirus Vaccine Improves Mucosal Vaccine Efficacy, Zenaido T. Camacho, Mallory A. Turner, Michael A. Barry, Eric A. Weaver

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The high levels of preexisting immunity against Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) have deemed Ad5 unusable for translation as a human vaccine vector. Low seroprevalent alternative viral vectors may be less impacted by preexisting immunity, but they may also have significantly different phenotypes from that of Ad5. In this study we compare species D Ads (26, 28, and 48) to the species C Ad5. In vitro transduction studies show striking differences between the species C and D viruses. Most notably, Ad26 transduced human dendritic cells much more effectively than Ad5. In vivo imaging studies showed strikingly different transgene expression profiles. The …

Phylogenetic Analyses Of Texas Isolates Indicate An Evolving Subtype Of The Clade B Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses, Eric A. Weaver, Ellen W. Collisson, Margaret Slater, Guan Zhu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Rigorous phylogenetic analyses were used to compare the nucleotide sequences of feline immunodeficiency virus strains isolated from Texas and throughout the world. The envelope V3-V4 sequences and capsid gene of the Texas isolates formed a cluster between subtypes B and E. Statistical comparisons with other published sequences confirmed that the Texas group is a unique cluster, possibly a new subtype, arising from subtype B.

Subpopulations Of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Rev Coexist In Vivo And Differ In Phenotype, Prasith Baccam, Robert J. Thompson, Yuxing Li, Wendy O. Sparks, Michael Belshan, Karin S. Dorman, Yvonne Wannemuehler, J. Lindsay Oaks, James L. Cornette, Susan Carpenter

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Lentiviruses exist in vivo as a population of related, nonidentical genotypes, commonly referred to as quasispecies. The quasispecies structure is characteristic of complex adaptive systems and contributes to the high rate of evolution in lentiviruses that confounds efforts to develop effective vaccines and antiviral therapies. Here, we describe analyses of genetic data from longitudinal studies of genetic variation in a lentivirus regulatory protein, Rev, over the course of disease in ponies experimentally infected with equine infectious anemia virus. As observed with other lentivirus data, the Rev variants exhibited a quasispecies character. Phylogenetic and partition analyses suggested that the Rev quasispecies …

Genome Of Bovine Herpesvirus 5, Gustavo A. Delhon, M. P. Moraes, Z. Lu, C. L. Afonso, E. F. Flores, R. Weiblen, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Here we present the complete genomic sequence of bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV-5), an alphaherpesvirus responsible for fatal meningoencephalitis in cattle. The 138,390-bp genome encodes 70 putative proteins and resembles the α2 subgroup of herpesviruses in genomic organization and gene content. BHV-5 is very similar to BHV-1, the etiological agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, as reflected by the high level of amino acid identity in their protein repertoires (average, 82%). The highest similarity to BHV-1 products (≥95% amino acid identity) is found in proteins involved in viral DNA replication and processing (UL5, UL15, UL29, and UL39) and in virion proteins (UL14, …

To The Editor: Reply To Sarmati, Brad P. Brayfield, John T. West, Charles D. Mitchell, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The letter by Sarmati et al. [1] presents data indicating that they were unable to find a significant correlation between human herpesvirus (HHV)–8 seropositivity and a history of spontaneous abortion in a group of 245 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1–seronegative women but that they did observe a correlation between high HHV-8 antibody titers (≥1:1280) and spontaneous abortion. Although it is possible that an increased risk of spontaneous abortion may be associated with active infection with HHV-8, at this point there is not enough evidence to support such an association. Given that several human herpes viruses are well-known agents of …

Identification Of The Nuclear Localization Signal Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Vpx, Michael Belshan, Lee Ratner

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The Vpx protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is a viral accessory protein related to, but distinct from, the Vpr protein of HIV-1. Vpx is packaged into virions and, as a component of the viral preintegration complex (PIC), Vpx is required for efficient virus replication in nondividing cells. Therefore, the localization of Vpx in cells is dynamic and dependent upon discrete domains of the protein. Expressed in the absence of other viral proteins, Vpx localizes to the nucleus of cells. However, if expressed with the Gag protein of HIV-2, Vpx localizes to the plasma membrane of cells. To …

Postnatal Human Herpesvirus 8 And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection In Mothers And Infants From Zambia, Brad P. Brayfield, Saul Phiri, Chipepo Kankasa, Jubra Muyanga, Hamakwa Mantina, Geoffrey Kwenda, John T. West, Ganapati Bhat, Dave B. Marx, Winslow Klaskala, Charles D. Mitchell, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The specific route and timing of human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 infection in regions where Kaposi sarcoma is endemic are not known. HHV-8 infection and any risk factors that may be associated with HHV-8, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection, were monitored during the 12-month post-delivery period for 416 mothers and 485 infants from Lusaka, Zambia. HHV-8 incident infection rates during this period were 3.2 and 5.3 infections/100 person-years for infants and mothers, respectively. HHV-8 infection among infants was not associated with HHV-8 or HIV-1 infection in the mother. Among the HHV-8–positive infants, 2 of 12 tested were found …

Rapid Prion Neuroinvasion Following Tongue Infection, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Food-borne transmission of prions can lead to infection of the gastrointestinal tract and neuroinvasion via the splanchnic and vagus nerves. Here we report that the transmission of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is 100,000-fold more efficient by inoculation of prions into the tongues of hamsters than by oral ingestion. The incubation period following TME agent (hereinafter referred to as TME) inoculation into the lingual muscles was the shortest among the five nonneuronal routes of inoculation, including another intramuscular route. Deposition of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein, PrP^Sc, was first detected in the tongue and submandibular lymph node …

Structural Analyses Of Phycodnaviridae And Iridoviridae, Alan A. Simpson, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The Phycodnaviridae, Iridoviridae and related viruses, with diameters of 1500±2000 A Ê , are formed from large trigonal arrays of hexagonally close-packed capsomers forming the faces of icosahedra [Yan et al. (2000), Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 101-103; Nandhagopal et al. (2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 14758-14763]. Caspar and Klug predicted that such structures could be assembled from hexameric capsomers [Caspar & Klug (1962), Cold Spring Harbor. Symp. Quant. Biol. 27, 1-24], as was subsequently found in numerous icosahedral viruses. During the course of evolution, some viruses, including the virus families …

Functional Implications In Apoptosis By Interferon Inducible Gene Product 1-8d, The Binding Protein To Adenovirus Preterminal Protein, Insil Joung, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) precursor to the terminal protein (pTP) plays an essential roles in the viral DNA

replication. Ad pTP serves as a primer for the synthesis of a new DNA strand during the initiation

step of replication. In addition, Ad pTP forms organized spherical replication foci on the nuclear

matrix (NM) and anchors the viral genome to the NM. Here we identified the interferon inducible

gene product 1-8D (Inid) as a pTP binding protein by using a two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA

library. Of the clones obtained in this assay, nine were identical to the Inid, a 13-kDa polypeptide …

Potentiation Of Trail-Induced Apoptosis In Primary Effusion Lymphoma Through Azidothymidine-Mediated Inhibition Of Nf-[Kappa]B, Subrata K. Ghosh, Charles Wood, Lawrence H. Boise, Abdul M. Mian, Vadim V. Deyev, Gerold Feuer, Ngoc L. Toomey, Nicole C. Shank, Lisa Cabral, Glen N. Barber, William J. Harrington

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The survival of viral mediated lymphomas depends upon constitutive nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[kappa]B) activity. AIDS-related human herpesvirus type 8–associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is almost invariably fatal. We have previously demonstrated that the antiviral combination of interferon alpha (IFN-[alpha]) and azidothymidine (AZT) induces apoptosis in PEL cell lines. We therefore used these agents as therapy for an AIDS patient with PEL. The patient had a dramatic response, with complete resolution of his malignant effusion in 5 days. In PEL cells, the death receptor ligand known as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is markedly …

Epitope Mapping And Characterization Of A Novel Cd4-Induced Human Monoclonal Antibody Capable Of Neutralizing Primary Hiv-1 Strains, Shi-Hua Xiang, Liping Wang, Mariam Abreu, Chih-Chin Huang, Peter D. Kwong, Eric Rosenberg, James E. Robinson, Joseph Sodroski

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) enters target cells by binding its gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein to CD4 and one of the chemokine receptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies bind gp120 more efficiently after CD4 binding and block the interaction with the chemokine receptor. Examples of CD4i antibodies are limited, and the prototypes of the CD4i antibodies exhibit only weak neutralizing activity against primary, clinical HIV-1 isolates. Here we report the identification of a novel antibody, E51, that exhibits CD4-induced binding to gp120 and neutralizes primary HIV-1 more efficiently than the prototypic CD4i antibodies. The E51 antibody blocks the interaction of …

Animal Anti-Apoptotic Genes Ameliorate The Loss Of Turgor In Water-Stressed Transgenic Tobacco, Tala Awada, D. D. Dunigan, M. B. Dickman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Glurk’ plants were transformed with antiapoptotic animal genes [chicken Bcl-xl; nematode CED-9; chicken Bcl-xl(GA) a mutant of Bcl-xl; and a 3’ non-coding region of human Bcl-2, referred to as 161-1]. Our objectives were to determine whether plant transformation with anti-apoptotic genes ameliorates drought tolerance in tobacco plants by subjecting the plants to a dry-down period. The non-transformed Glurk and the transgenic Glurk harboring G115, which expresses β-glucuronidase, served as controls. Transformation of tobacco plants with animal anti-apoptotic genes significantly impacted the rates of photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (g_s), but not to the same extent …

Identification Of Novel Domains Within Sox-2 And Sox-11 Involved In Autoinhibition Of Dna Binding And Partnership Specificity, Matthew S. Wiebe, Tamara K. Nowling, Angie Rizzino

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sox transcription factors play key regulatory roles throughout development, binding DNA through a consensus (A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G sequence. Although many different Sox proteins bind to this se-quence, it has been observed that gene regulatory elements are commonly responsive to only a small subset of the entire family, implying that regulatory mechanisms exist to permit selective DNA bind-ing and/or transactivation by Sox family members. To identify and explore the mechanisms modu-lating gene activation by Sox proteins further, we compared the function of Sox-2 and Sox-11. This led to the discovery that Sox proteins are regulated differentially at multiple levels, including trans-activation, protein partnerships …

Duration Of Infection And Proportion Of Pigs Persistently Infected With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Robert W. Wills, Alan R. Doster, Judith A. Galeota, Jung-Hyang Sur, Fernando A. Osorio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Understanding the dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) persistence in individual pigs is essential to the development of successful control programs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the proportion of inoculated pigs that become persistently infected with PRRSV and the duration of their infection. Additionally, different diagnostic techniques that detect persistent infections were compared. Twenty-eight 35-day-old pigs were inoculated with PRRSV. Serum and tonsil biopsy samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 and then approximately monthly thereafter until day 251 post-inoculation (p.i.). Tonsil, lymph node, and lung samples were collected following euthanasia …

The Coat Protein Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Suppresses Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing At An Early Initiation Step, Feng Qu, Tao Ren, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), or RNA silencing, is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process that targets foreign RNA, including viral and transposon RNA for destruction. Several RNA plant viruses have been shown to encode suppressors of PTGS in order to survive this host defense. We report here that the coat protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) strongly suppresses PTGS. The Agrobacterium infiltration system was used to demonstrate that TCV CP suppressed the local PTGS as strongly as several previously reported virus-coded suppressors and that the action of TCV CP eliminated the small interfering RNAs associated with PTGS. We have also …

The Structure And Evolution Of The Major Capsid Protein Of A Large, Lipid-Containing Dna Virus, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, Alan Simpson, James Gurnon, Xiadong Yan, Timothy Baker, Michael V. Graves, James L. Van Etten, Michael Rossman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus type 1 (PBCV-1) is a very large, icosahedral virus containing an internal membrane enclosed within a glycoprotein coat consisting of pseudohexagonal arrays of trimeric capsomers. Each capsomer is composed of three molecules of the major capsid protein, Vp54, the 2.0-Å resolution structure of which is reported here. Four N-linked and two O-linked glycosylation sites were identified. The N-linked sites are associated with nonstandard amino acid motifs as a result of glycosylation by virus-encoded enzymes. Each monomer of the trimeric structure consists of two eight-stranded, antiparallel β-barrel, “jelly-roll” domains related by a pseudo-sixfold rotation. The fold of …

Unique Epitope Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Protein Spans The Cleavage Site Between P16Ma And P2l, Ming Lu, Ling Zheng, Kathy Mitchell, Sanjay Kapil, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are closely related bovine lentiviruses that are difficult to distinguish by presently available diagnostic methods. Recently, in our laboratory, a monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb 10H1) against the BIV Gag protein identified a differential epitope, located at the 6.4-kDa N terminus of a 29-kDa Gag capsid protein, which was absent in JDV. To define the essential amino acids of the epitope, a series of primers within the 163 bp of DNA corresponding to the 6.4-kDa protein were designed. The full-length 163-bp DNA fragment and the smaller DNA fragments with deletions were amplified …

Retrograde Transport Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Within Descending Motor Tracts, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The spread of the abnormal conformation of the prion protein, PrP^Sc, within the spinal cord is central to the pathogenesis of transmissible prion diseases, but the mechanism of transport has not been determined. For this report, the route of transport of the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), a prion disease of mink, in the central nervous system following unilateral inoculation into the sciatic nerves of Syrian hamsters was investigated. PrP^Sc was detected at 3 weeks postinfection in the lumbar spinal cord and ascended to the brain at a rate of approximately 3.3 mm per day. …

Ornithine Decarboxylase Encoded By Chlorella Virus Pbcv-1, Tiara A. Morehead, James R. Gurnon, Byron Adams, Kenneth Nickerson, Lisa A. Fitzgerald, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sequence analysis of the 330-kb genome of chlorella virus PBCV-1 revealed an open reading frame, A207R, which encodes a protein with 37–41% amino acid identity to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from many eukaryotic organisms. The a207r gene was cloned and the protein was expressed as a His-A207R fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein catalyzes pyridoxal 5’-phosphate-dependent decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine, the first step in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway The enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.0 and a temperature optimum of 42°C, and it requires dithiothreitol for maximal activity. The enzyme has a Km, for ornithine of …

Identification Of Neutralizing And Nonneutralizing Epitopes In The Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Gp5 Ectodomain, M. Ostrowski, J. A. Galeota, A. M. Jar, K. B. Platt, Fernando A. Osorio, O. J. Lopez

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

After infection of swine with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), there is a rapid rise of PRRSV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies (NNA), while neutralizing antibodies (NA) are detectable not sooner than 3 weeks later. To characterize neutralizing epitopes, we selected phages from a 12-mer phage display library using anti-PRRSV neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) ISU25-C1. In addition, phages carrying peptides recognized by swine antibodies with high seroneutralizing titer were isolated after subtracting from the library those clones binding to swine anti-PRRSV serum with no neutralizing activity. Two epitopes located in the ectodomain of PRRSV GP5 were identified. One of these epitopes, …

Susceptibility Of Sensory Neurons To Apoptosis Following Infection By Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1, Gustavo A. Delhon, Marcelo J. Gonzalez, Pablo R. Murcia

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Like other members of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) establishes latent infections in sensory neurons. BHV-1 induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells in vivo and in epithelial cell lines, but the ability of BHV- 1 to induce apoptosis in sensory neurons remains unknown. In this report, the susceptibility of rabbit ganglionic neurons to infection by BHV-1 was examined in vitro and in vivo. Following infection of cultured neurons with BHV-1, hallmarks of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and membrane blebbing were detected. The appearance of these changes was preceded by active viral DNA …

Stable Replication Of Papillomavirus Genomes In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Peter C. Angeletti, Kitai Kim, Fiona J. Fernandes, Paul F. Lambert

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Papillomaviruses normally replicate in stratified squamous epithelial tissues of their mammalian hosts, in which the viral genome is found as a nuclear plasmid. Two viral proteins, E1, a helicase, and E2, a transcriptional activator and plasmid maintenance factor, are known to contribute to the episomal replication of the viral genome. Recently, our laboratory discovered that papillomaviruses can also replicate in an E1-independent manner in mammalian cells (K. Kim and P. F. Lambert, Virology, in press; K. Kim and P. F. Lambert, submitted for publication). In this study, we describe experiments investigating the capacity of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) …