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Articles 181 - 210 of 318
Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Loss Of Scribble Tumor Suppressor In Human Cancers: Atypical Hscrib Expression And Localization In Malignant Breast Cancer, Daniel F. Fuja, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Loss Of Scribble Tumor Suppressor In Human Cancers: Atypical Hscrib Expression And Localization In Malignant Breast Cancer, Daniel F. Fuja, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Drosophila Melanogaster has been used for years in basic developmental and genetic research, because of its short life cycle, low cost, and ease of handling. One beneficial consequence of this extensive research is an increased knowledge of human cancer progression. Multiple homologues have been found within the human model for genes initially discovered to be important in the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Three of these homologues (Hugl, hDlg, and hScrib) were initially indicated as potential tumor suppressors because of their Drosophila homologues’ roles in accurate asymmetric protein localization in the developing Drosophila neuroblast. Scribble (human homologue, hScrib), the most recently …
The Secondary Phase Of Photorhabdus Luminescens Tt01 Is Closely Tied To The Sexual Form Of Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora, John Chaston, Dr. Byron Adams
The Secondary Phase Of Photorhabdus Luminescens Tt01 Is Closely Tied To The Sexual Form Of Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora, John Chaston, Dr. Byron Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Photorhabdus luminescens are a symbiotically associated nematode/bacterium pair that act together as potent insect killers and have been cultured en masse for distribution as an insect control agent in agricultural settings. Heterorhabditis is a nematode species that acts as a vector to penetrate the insect exoskeleton through existing openings where it subsequently releases Photorhabdus, the bacterial symbiont that it carries in its gut, into the haemocoel of the invaded insect. The bacteria produce a variety of proteases and toxins that digest the insides of the insect into nutrients they use as they rapidly replicate. The nematode then …
The Effect Of P53 And Resveratrol On Cell Growth And Repair, Meredith Bergin, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
The Effect Of P53 And Resveratrol On Cell Growth And Repair, Meredith Bergin, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) induces many positive immune activities, but it has been implicated in causing cancer, specifically through its inhibition of p53, a tumor suppressing protein. It has been suggested that resveratrol, a grape seed extract, activates p53, thus suppressing tumors by inducing apoptosis.
Relative Rates Of Molecular Evolution In Antarctic Nematodes, Tj Bliss, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Relative Rates Of Molecular Evolution In Antarctic Nematodes, Tj Bliss, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Molecular evolution is defined as any change in the genetic makeup of an organism. Since organisms of the same species and community tend to undergo similar molecular changes, rates of molecular evolution are often measured at the species level. It is well established that different species appear to evolve at different rates across evolutionary time. Comparing the rates of evolution among different species determines the relative rate of molecular evolution in those species. Many things are known to affect the rate of molecular evolution of a species. These influences include, but are not limited to: body size, generation time, and …
Selection, Horizontal Gene Transfer And Convergent Molecular Evolution In Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, Adler Ray Dillman, Dr. Bryon J. Adams
Selection, Horizontal Gene Transfer And Convergent Molecular Evolution In Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, Adler Ray Dillman, Dr. Bryon J. Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The phylum Nematoda is a large and diverse group, making-up an estimated 80% of Metazoans [1]. Of specific agricultural importance are the plant-parasitic nematodes, which are responsible for the loss of an estimated 12.3% of the world’s annual crop production [2]. We looked at the most destructive members of the family Heteroderidae, the cyst (Heterodera and Globodera spp.) and root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematodes.
Comparison Of Microbial Community Biodiversity Between Pristine And Disturbed Sediments In Timpanogos Cave, National Monument, Andre Bennin, Dr. Keith A. Crandall
Comparison Of Microbial Community Biodiversity Between Pristine And Disturbed Sediments In Timpanogos Cave, National Monument, Andre Bennin, Dr. Keith A. Crandall
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cave microbiology has been of great interest to microbial ecologists in recent years because it has enabled them to assess microbial diversity within an isolated system. An excellent example of subterranean microbial life is found in Lechuguilla Cave Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico,where the interactions of microbial communities in cave deep subsurface environments have been studied. With respect to the Timpanogos Cave system in American Fork Utah, our study relates to a system that is highly visited (60% of the cave system) contrary to the Lechuguilla cave system where public access is only allowed into 2% of the cave …
Medical Options For Treating Parasitic Diseases In Ashanti-Mampong, Ghana, West Africa, Whitney Elizabeth Wheeler, Dr. James B. Jensen
Medical Options For Treating Parasitic Diseases In Ashanti-Mampong, Ghana, West Africa, Whitney Elizabeth Wheeler, Dr. James B. Jensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
I conducted my research in Ashanti-Mampong, Ghana, West Africa over the course of 3 months. My project was to study the medical options available to patients that had malaria and/or worms.
Development Of A Novel Human Vestibular Schwannoma Xenograft Model In Scid Mice, John Welling, Dr. Kim O'Neil
Development Of A Novel Human Vestibular Schwannoma Xenograft Model In Scid Mice, John Welling, Dr. Kim O'Neil
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) is a benign, slow growing tumor that arises from the myelin sheath of the vestibular nerve (cranial nerve VIII). The myelin sheath is composed of flat, layered cells known as Schwann cells, which serve to insulate nerve fibers. It is increased proliferation of these Schwann cells which leads to VS tumor growth. As VS tumors grow, they place increasing pressure on cranial nerve VIII, causing hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ear), and balance dysfunction. Eventually VS tumors may lead to brainstem compression and even death.1
Stromal-Cell Derived Factor-1Α And Macrophages Increased Invasive Potential Of Breast Cancer Cells, Devin Twitchell, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Stromal-Cell Derived Factor-1Α And Macrophages Increased Invasive Potential Of Breast Cancer Cells, Devin Twitchell, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Research has demonstrated that in some tumors, up to fifty percent of a breast tumor’s mass is composed of macrophages (1). It is well recognized that macrophages can inhibit tumor growth and, paradoxically, stimulate tumor growth and metastasis depending on the proteins produced (2). Macrophages located within the tumor environment are classified as tumor-associated macrophages. The migration of cancer cells from the primary tumor to a secondary site is a multipart process. How tumors are able to proliferate and invade into foreign areas is still unclear. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the presence of macrophages in primary tumors …
Multidisciplinary Database For Byu Fag El Gamous Excavations, Ryan Pail Peters, Richard Paul Evans
Multidisciplinary Database For Byu Fag El Gamous Excavations, Ryan Pail Peters, Richard Paul Evans
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In 1990, under the direction of Wilfred Griggs, he and six other Brigham Young University (BYU) professors, R. Paul Evans, James Farmer, Marek Kaliszewski, Donald Robertson, Mark Rowe, and Scott Woodward, and at the request of the Egyptian Government Supreme Council of Antiquities, united to begin tissue sampling and DNA analysis of the estimated 150,000 burials at the ancient Fag el Gamous cemetery in Fayum, Egypt, which was utilized approximately between 350 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.
Improved Culture Technique For Mycobacterium Ulcerans, Neal S. Thomson, Dr. Richard Robison
Improved Culture Technique For Mycobacterium Ulcerans, Neal S. Thomson, Dr. Richard Robison
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a pathogenic bacterium and is the causative agent of Buruli Ulcer, a common mycobacterial disease similar to tuberculosis and leprosy. Buruli Ulcer is endemic to Western Africa and produces a deforming and sometimes lethal skin disease. One major obstacle for research is the slow growth of the bacterium in batch culture. M. ulcerans currently grows in vitro with a doubling time of about 4.8 days, resulting in an average culture time of 8-10 weeks before the appearance of colonies. This evidence makes it difficult to study M. ulcerans in the laboratory. The goal of my research was …
Population Structure Of The Cuttlefish Sepia Officinalis From The North Atlantic-Mediterranean Region, Mark Joseph Nolte, Dr. Keith Crandall, Marcos Pérez-Losada
Population Structure Of The Cuttlefish Sepia Officinalis From The North Atlantic-Mediterranean Region, Mark Joseph Nolte, Dr. Keith Crandall, Marcos Pérez-Losada
Journal of Undergraduate Research
An understanding of the relatedness of a population of organisms, or their phylogeny, combined with knowledge of that population’s geographical distribution, can illuminate which geographic forces and events may have played a role in forming the “family tree” of that organism. Therefore past speciation events and the incipient stages of speciation can be discerned when phylogenetic and geographic information is merged. This process, broadly known as the practice of phylogeography or biogeography, is important because it permits researchers to visualize the evolutionary interplay between environment and organism. Additionally, an understanding of an organism’s population structure, or family tree, enables scientists …
Binding Partners Of The Pho U Protein In E .Coli, Dustin C. Higgins, Dr. William Mccleary
Binding Partners Of The Pho U Protein In E .Coli, Dustin C. Higgins, Dr. William Mccleary
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The Escherechia coli phosphate detection system is coded by a set of genes in the bacterium and is used to regulate phosphate production for metabolic processes. These genes make the PstSCAB phosphate transporter, PhoU protein, Alkaline Phosphatase, PhoR protein, and the PhoB protein. When phosphate is low in the cell’s environment, the system is activated to produce Alkaline Phosphatase.
Molecular Evolution And The Effects Of Amelioration In Meloidogyne Incognita, Adler R. Dillman, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Molecular Evolution And The Effects Of Amelioration In Meloidogyne Incognita, Adler R. Dillman, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The process of horizontal or lateral gene transfer involves the movement of genetic information in a lateral fashion from one organism to another, regardless of phylogenetic distance. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major mechanism of prokaryotic evolution while its role in eukaryotic evolution remains undecided, with many claims of genes being laterally transferred from prokaryotes to eukaryotes being subsequently refuted [1,2]. Recently, 12 genes of the plant parasite M. incognita have been proposed as being good candidates of HGT. Because certain rhizobial bacteria occupy a very similar niche both inside and out of the plant, and use many of …
Critical Parameters Influencing Chemical-Induced Apoptosis In Human Lymphoid Cell Lines, Matthew Ben Cook, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Critical Parameters Influencing Chemical-Induced Apoptosis In Human Lymphoid Cell Lines, Matthew Ben Cook, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In 2005, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reported that an estimated 10.9 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the year 2002 (for a total of 24.6 million persons currently living with cancer) and that 6.7 million deaths were attributable to cancer[1]. Around 300,000 new cases of leukemia, with 222,000 new deaths, were also reported. In many cases, the occurrence of cancer in an individual can be attributed to lifestyle choices, such as smoking, diet, exercise, work environment, etc. However, there are also genetic contributors to cancer.
Characterization Of Phase-Switching Genes In Photorhabdus Luminescens, Tj Bliss, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Characterization Of Phase-Switching Genes In Photorhabdus Luminescens, Tj Bliss, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Nearly every living organism derives benefit from living with one or more species of bacteria during some or all of its lifetime. Numerous studies have described the phenotypic benefit that each or either partner receives from associations of this kind, but the molecular mechanisms of such interactions have not been well described. Understanding beneficial bacterial interactions with their hosts are of interest in that information obtained will have implications in identifying mechanistic components of those interactions that may operate similarly in pathogens and can be exploited in combating infection or in describing the interactions between bacteria and more complex organisms …
Description Of A Novel Mutant Entemopathogenic Bacterium Photorhabdus Luminescence, George Bailey, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Description Of A Novel Mutant Entemopathogenic Bacterium Photorhabdus Luminescence, George Bailey, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The bacterium Photorhabdus luminescence and the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora share an intimate symbiotic relationship. Together, the pair preys on insect larva in the soil. Infective juvenile (IJ) nematodes seek out insect hosts by following chemical signals, such as CO2, given off by potential hosts. After locating the insect, IJs quickly invade the larva. In their new home, the nematodes regurgitate the bacteria they have been harboring in their gut. The bacteria immediately begin attacking the insect and then multiply within the fresh cadaver. The nematodes feed on the proliferating bacteria, sexually develop, and reproduce. In addition to acting as the …
Antarctic Soil Microbial Food Webs: Molecular Analysis Of Nematode Gut Contents, Kyle Winkler, Dr. Byron Adams
Antarctic Soil Microbial Food Webs: Molecular Analysis Of Nematode Gut Contents, Kyle Winkler, Dr. Byron Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Soils are the basis of agriculture and the sustainability of life as we know it. Despite this fact, we know very little about soil ecosystem function and what biotic organization is required for effective nutrient cycling in soils. In this project, I attempted to better our understanding of soil food web relationships in a simple, natural ecosystem.
Erick Reece Christensen, Erick Reece Christensen
Erick Reece Christensen, Erick Reece Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the past semester I have made chimeric molecules using the chemokine MEC and human IgG3.
Creating A Geographic Information System For Nematology, Levi Hilton, Dr. Byron Adams
Creating A Geographic Information System For Nematology, Levi Hilton, Dr. Byron Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
A geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool for correlating information that has a spatial component. This technique has been used in many different ways from organizing major corporations and services to building intricate maps. We used a GIS to help determine if there was a certain type of soil that can be correlated to specific nematode species which are used as organic pesticides in agriculture.
A Mitochondrial Phylogenetic Analysis Of Sculpin (Genus Cottus) In Montana Based On The Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 Gene, Andrew Moffat, R. Paul Evans
A Mitochondrial Phylogenetic Analysis Of Sculpin (Genus Cottus) In Montana Based On The Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 Gene, Andrew Moffat, R. Paul Evans
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this project was to investigate the distribution and phylogenetic status of Cottus (sculpins) species populations in Montana relative to other species in western North America using the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This study of the ND4 gene in sculpin could possibly provide additional insight into the historical timing of fish invasion events and provide the phylogenetic status of species in the genus Cottus. Although the distribution of aquatic vertebrates in western North America has been interpreted relative to late Pleistocene events, genetic studies of cutthroat trout have not supported that mechanism …
Induced Modulation Of Membrane Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Possibilities For Chemotherapeutic Intervention In Cancer, Christopher Trimble, Dr. Byron Murray
Induced Modulation Of Membrane Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Possibilities For Chemotherapeutic Intervention In Cancer, Christopher Trimble, Dr. Byron Murray
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Polyunsaturated fatty acids have several integral functions in the human body. In addition to playing essential structural, metabolic, and cell-signaling roles, fatty acids may be involved in the onset of cancer. The fatty acid profile of a cell, which is defined as the relative ratios of individual fatty acids as compared to the entire cellular fatty acid content, is known to play a direct role in controlling gene expression and the protection of cells from oxidative damage caused by bodily inflammatory responses. It is known that cancer cells have modulated membrane fatty acid profiles, differing gene expression, and increased inflammatory …
Effects Of Inbreeding On The Fecundity And Heat Tolerance Of Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora, John Chaston, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Effects Of Inbreeding On The Fecundity And Heat Tolerance Of Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora, John Chaston, Dr. Byron J. Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Biological control using predators, parasitoids, or pathogens can be an effective alternative to the use of chemical pesticides for management of insect pests because the agents of biological control are generally not harmful to humans, the environment, or non-target organisms (1). One problem with using biological control agents, however, is that their success in suppressing pest populations often depends on fitness, including ecological compatibility with the pest, searching and dispersal capacity, and reproductive capacity (1). When mass-produced for commercial purposes the agent may lose these biocontrol traits from genetic processes including drift, inbreeding, or inadvertent selection (4) or from non-genetic …
Intracellular Localization Of A Novel Bmp-2 Variant Protein Involved In Col11a2 Regulation, Carolina M. Montaño, Dr. Laura C. Bridgewater
Intracellular Localization Of A Novel Bmp-2 Variant Protein Involved In Col11a2 Regulation, Carolina M. Montaño, Dr. Laura C. Bridgewater
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is found in many parts of the skeleton and covers the joint surfaces of bones. It consists of an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) that is produced and maintained by chondrocytes. This ECM includes type II, IX and XI collagens. Collagen XI plays a critical role in regulating fibril diameter and cartilage development. This heterotrimeric molecule consists of three chains—α1(XI), α2(XI), and α3(XI)—encoded by three distinct genes, Col11a1, Col11a2, and Col2a1, respectively.1 While expression of the α1(XI) and α3(XI) subunits is found in other tissues, the expression of the α2(XI) is restricted to …
Identification Of Unknown Hydrocarbon-Decomposing Microbes Of The Great Salt Lake Petroleum Seep, Eric Barker, Dr. Alan Harker
Identification Of Unknown Hydrocarbon-Decomposing Microbes Of The Great Salt Lake Petroleum Seep, Eric Barker, Dr. Alan Harker
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Biodegradation of hydrocarbons (petroleum and oil like substances) has long been an issue of interest to microbiologists. The process is one in which microorganisms naturally break down oil or petroleum for their benefit as a source of carbon and energy. There is a wide range of practical uses in society for which such oil degrading capabilities could be used (such as natural oil spill cleanup). However the scope of this technology’s potential usefulness has been greatly restricted as thus far no microorganisms have been shown to have the capacity to biodegrade hydrocarbons in a hypersaline (extremely salty) environment, a condition …
Tumor-Associated Macrophage Interaction With The Tumor Microenvironment, Heather Aamodt, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Tumor-Associated Macrophage Interaction With The Tumor Microenvironment, Heather Aamodt, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Oncologists currently use chemotherapy and radiation to treat many cancers. The goal of both these treatments is to target cancerous cells without killing too many healthy ones. Both radiation and chemotherapy induce a form of cell death called apoptosis in an attempt to eliminate the body of a tumor. Current studies suggest that when tumor-associated macrophages ingest apoptotic cell debris, they fail to secrete pro-inflammatory mediators that would help clear the invader – whether a pathogen or a tumor – from the body. Ruptured necrotic cells, however, induce a strong inflammatory response that augments immune function. If macrophage engulfment of …
The Effects Of Bryostatin I On The Progression Of Papillomavirus Dna-Induced Tumors, David J. Hoopes, Dr. Richard Robison, Dr. Beverly Roeder
The Effects Of Bryostatin I On The Progression Of Papillomavirus Dna-Induced Tumors, David J. Hoopes, Dr. Richard Robison, Dr. Beverly Roeder
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The bryostatins are a unique family of at least 13 naturally occurring macrocyclic lactones which have demonstrated considerable anti-neoplastic activity. Bryostatin 1 was isolated by G. R. Pettit from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina. B. neritina is a colonial filter-feeder commonly know as a sea-mat or false coral and often grows on the docks, rocks and ships of the Pacific Ocean.1
Spatial Heterogeneity Of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Associated With Sediment Types In Great Salt Lake, Matthew Johnson, Dr. Donald P. Breakwell
Spatial Heterogeneity Of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Associated With Sediment Types In Great Salt Lake, Matthew Johnson, Dr. Donald P. Breakwell
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Great Salt Lake supports a vast quantity of halophiles in the domains of Bacteria and Archaea that have not been studied extensively. Rozel Point, located on the north arm of Great Salt Lake, is a prime hyper saline environment for halophiles to exploit for its natural source of carbon in the form of oil. Little has been done to quantify the biotic activity in such an environment to understand the spatial variability of these halophiles. A viable method for quantifying their activity is alkaline phosphatase.
Determination And Analysis Of The Functionality And Required Amino Acid Residues Of Phou In Escherichia Coli, Michael Schurdell, Dr. William Mccleary
Determination And Analysis Of The Functionality And Required Amino Acid Residues Of Phou In Escherichia Coli, Michael Schurdell, Dr. William Mccleary
Journal of Undergraduate Research
While researching the required amino acid residues of PhoU, we discovered a small intergenic region located between pstA and pstB on the pstSCAB-phoU operon. Defining the role of this small intergenic region took precedence over my previously proposed research project. All of my research on this project was performed in conjunction with Garrett Woodbury and William McCleary. We presented our findings in a poster presentation at the Intermountain Branch of the American Society of Microbiology Annual Meeting on Saturday, March 18, 2006. A peer reviewed article containing the full details of our work was accepted for publication on December 1, …
The Role Of Rpl41 In Genetic Regulation Of Col11a2, David William Timme
The Role Of Rpl41 In Genetic Regulation Of Col11a2, David William Timme
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of my research was to investigate what role ribosomal protein L41 (RPL41) has in regulating transcriptional activities of the Collagen 11a2 (Col11a2) gene. Prior to the ORCA grant, I had researched identifying possible transcription factors which bound to the B/C enhancer region of the Col11a2 gene, possibly regulating transcription. This work revealed that RPL41 could bind to the B/C enhancer in a eukaryotic (yeast) system. Since a protein binding to DNA could be relevant to transcriptional activity, unrelated to transcriptional regulation, or merely an artifact from the investigational method, it was important to examine the specific role RPL41 …