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Articles 121 - 150 of 318
Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Measles Virus And Its Interactions With Follicular Dendritic Cells, Michael J. Lloyd, Dr. Gregory F. Burton
Measles Virus And Its Interactions With Follicular Dendritic Cells, Michael J. Lloyd, Dr. Gregory F. Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Measles virus continues to be a major cause of death in most third-world countries and a considerable threat to the health of every country. Infection with measles is thought to be associated with the fatal, late-infection disease subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) (3). It is thought that Measles virus is retained by the body following infection until it mutates, crosses the blood-brain barrier to infect and destroy brain tissue, killing the host.
A Comparative Study Of The Efficacy Of A New Immunoassay Of Deoxythymidine Kinase, David K. Walburger
A Comparative Study Of The Efficacy Of A New Immunoassay Of Deoxythymidine Kinase, David K. Walburger
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The ability to follow a cancer’s aggressiveness and response to treatment throughout the disease’s course is critical in treatment programs. The tumor markers used as indicators have not been able to consistently do this. Thymidine Kinase, an enzyme linked with cellular proliferation, has been shown to be persistently elevated in almost all cancer serums, and corresponds well with disease stage in breast cancer patients. It has also been shown that TK levels in serum, as well as in tumors, decrease drastically after treatment; subsequent rises are indicative of disease recurrence. Currently, TK levels are measured by radionucleoside phosphorylation assays. There …
Susceptibility Of S49 Lymphoma Cell Membranes To Hydrolysis By Secretory Phospholipase A2 During Early Phase Of Apoptosis, Darin V. Allred, Kim L. O'Neill
Susceptibility Of S49 Lymphoma Cell Membranes To Hydrolysis By Secretory Phospholipase A2 During Early Phase Of Apoptosis, Darin V. Allred, Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Apoptosis is a term used to describe a programmed method of cellular suicide. This programmed cell death is a normal and very important feature of the maturation of an organism. The body uses it to tightly control the number of divisions of all types of cells in order to eliminate excess cells and develop properly. For example, our fingers are separated because embryonic cells that once joined them died during development.
The Genotoxicitv Of 1.4-Dioxane Using The Single Cell Gel, Edward Harris
The Genotoxicitv Of 1.4-Dioxane Using The Single Cell Gel, Edward Harris
Journal of Undergraduate Research
1.4-Dioxane (DX), a common ingredient in solvents for oils, waxes and many other organic compounds, has an undetermined genotoxicity. It has been reported to be both a nongenotoxic (Salmonella and Cl-IO chromosome aberration assays) and a genotoxic compound (1). Previous experiments carried out indicate that Sherman strain and Sprague-Dawley rats receiving 0.1% to 1% DX in drinking water develop hepatic/renal damage and hepatocellular and nasal carcinoma respectively (4,7). In this preliminary study, the single cell gel assay was used to determine possible DNA damage caused by DX. Human Raji Burkitt’s lymphoma cells were grown In the presence of various concentrations …
Quantum Interstate Phase Differences And Multiphoton Processes: Application To Multi-Level Models Of Time Dependent Energy Absorption, John Sutton Welch
Quantum Interstate Phase Differences And Multiphoton Processes: Application To Multi-Level Models Of Time Dependent Energy Absorption, John Sutton Welch
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the last year I have examined numerical solutions and analytical approximations of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for quantum systems with two, three and four levels which are perturbed by a classical sinusoidal field, I have been particularly interested in understanding the meaning and effects of the quantum phase on probability changes within the quantum system and have recently submitted my findings to the Journal of Chemical Physics and plan to present a poster of this and current work at the American Chemical Society meeting next April in Anaheim, California.
Mapping Of The Immune Response Gene(S) Controlling Susceptibility To Murine Experimental Orchitis, Randall Roper
Mapping Of The Immune Response Gene(S) Controlling Susceptibility To Murine Experimental Orchitis, Randall Roper
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The research project I proposed entailed mapping the gene or genes that control susceptibility to Murine Experimental Orchitis by using a large backcross population of 110 animals. These animals have been generated by obtaining an Fl population from the susceptible SJL mice and resistant B lO.S mice and crossing the susceptible Fl population with disease resistant BlO.S mice. Through the use of a histological report of the susceptibility of the large backcross population to Experimental Allergic Orchitis, and the use of microsatellite and RAPD markers to identify distinguishing polymorphisms, the gene may be linked to a specific chromosome of the …
Ancient “Gene-Ology” Leads To Improvements In Ancient Dna Ex· Traction Methods And Pcr Amplication Techniques, Blake C. Ballif
Ancient “Gene-Ology” Leads To Improvements In Ancient Dna Ex· Traction Methods And Pcr Amplication Techniques, Blake C. Ballif
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the past decade, the development of ancient DNA research has left modern science seemingly on the verge of breaching the barrier between the world we live in and the ancient past. Archaeologists, anthropologists, and molecular biologists alike have become increasingly more aware of the understanding that can be gleaned from genetic studies of ancient populations and extinct species. Although ancient DNA has remarkably been isolated and amplified from organisms hundreds, thousands, and even millions of years old 1·3, these breakthroughs represent in most cases a single ancient individual or animal with important yet modest amounts of data. In order …
Influence Of Ultrasonic Stimulation On The Antibiotic Action Of Gentamicin Against Group D Streptococci, Mark S. Miller
Influence Of Ultrasonic Stimulation On The Antibiotic Action Of Gentamicin Against Group D Streptococci, Mark S. Miller
Journal of Undergraduate Research
During the Winter Semester of 1994, I was able to work with three members of the genus Streptococcus: S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, and S. faecalis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the antibiotic gentamicin (an aminoglycoside which inhibits protein synthesis) against the three species were determined. The MIC of S. pneumoniae was 9-12 ~g/ml, 48-50 ~g/ml for S. agalacliae, and 25 ~g/ml for S. faecalis. Though I labored to pinpoint a more exact concentration for each species, experimental variables resulted in the MIC ranges indicated above.
Transcription Upregulation Of Hiv By Fdc, Nathan R. York, Dr. Gregory R. Burton
Transcription Upregulation Of Hiv By Fdc, Nathan R. York, Dr. Gregory R. Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The search to understand Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the progression of the disease that it causes, AIDS, has led scientists to delve further and further into the intricacies of viral mechanics. Although not considered living organisms by many scientists, these entities manage to find ways to enter, replicate, and thrive within the cells of their hosts. As we study any one particular virus, insights into many viruses can be gained.
Down-Regulation Of Hiv-1 Receptors And Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Entry By Prostratin Treatment, Richard Turley, Dr. Richard A. Robison, Dr. Gregory F. Burton
Down-Regulation Of Hiv-1 Receptors And Inhibition Of Hiv-1 Entry By Prostratin Treatment, Richard Turley, Dr. Richard A. Robison, Dr. Gregory F. Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Due to recent findings that HIV replication can persist even with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), it has become increasingly necessary to develop new therapies that can be used as adjuncts with HAART, to combat HIV infection. One possible alternative strategy is to block infection by down-regulation of the cell receptors needed for viral entry. Amara, et al. proposed that HIV coreceptor down-regulation by stromal cell derived factor 1-a (SDF-1a), the physiological ligand of CXCR4, blocks infection of target cells by X4 strains of HIV-1 (1). Mack, et al. demonstrated that Aminooxypentane-RANTES (a derivative of RANTES, one of CCR5’s physiological …
“Herceptin (Trastazumab) Causes Cardiotoxicity In Breast Cancer Patients With Prior Cardiac Trauma”, Rick Whitehead, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
“Herceptin (Trastazumab) Causes Cardiotoxicity In Breast Cancer Patients With Prior Cardiac Trauma”, Rick Whitehead, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In 1998, approximately 10 million women reached the age of 50 years, at a rate of 5,000 women per day. Based on the age incidence data for breast cancer, this means that, within the next ten years, 296,000 women will be affected annually with breast cancer. Because of the tremendous growth in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, new strategies will be required to treat this “baby boomer” explosion.
A Molecular Approach To Answering An Anthropological Question Concerning Burial Customs In An Ancient Egypt Population, Jamey Tolman, Dr. Scott Woodward
A Molecular Approach To Answering An Anthropological Question Concerning Burial Customs In An Ancient Egypt Population, Jamey Tolman, Dr. Scott Woodward
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have allowed us to gain knowledge about the ancient populations of the world. A team of BYU students and faculty has excavated a group of bodies, dating from 200 B.C. to 400 A.D., found in the Fag El Gamous cemetery in Egypt. A major observation from the excavations has been that the earlier, or lower burials, in the cemetery are buried with their heads to the east. As you move up in the cemetery, to more recent dates, a distinct change occurs in the orientation of the burials. The bodies are placed with their …
Synergistic Effects Of Vitamin C And Vitamin K3 In The Widr Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line, Jeffery Sivert Tessem, Dr. Byron K. Murray
Synergistic Effects Of Vitamin C And Vitamin K3 In The Widr Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line, Jeffery Sivert Tessem, Dr. Byron K. Murray
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In recent years in both clinical and experimental research the benefits of vitamins as anti-cancer agents have been described. Derivatives of vitamin C have been shown to “diminish the tumor mass in inoperable tumor patients” as well as cause degeneration of hepatocellular carcinoma in rats due to direct cytotoxicity to the tumor cells (1). Vitamin K3 has also been shown to induces DNA damage, reduced expression of c-myc, and caused apoptosis in human T-lymphocyte Jurkat cells, and other effects have also been seen in other cell lines (1). Studies have been done using these two vitamins in conjunction on …
Comparative Resistance Of Human Papilloma Virus To Inactivation By Selected Chemical Disinfectants, Elisabeth Tillman, Dr. Richard A. Robinson
Comparative Resistance Of Human Papilloma Virus To Inactivation By Selected Chemical Disinfectants, Elisabeth Tillman, Dr. Richard A. Robinson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer in humans as well as the second most common cause of cancer death in women [3]. In developing countries, cervical cancer is actually the most common female disease, constituting 30% of female cancers [1]. In the United States, cervical cancer is diagnosed in approximately 15,000 women and is responsible for 4,600 deaths each year [2]. At least 90% of all cervical carcinomas are related to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. The purpose of my study is to reduce the dangerous spread of HPV through effective disinfection.
Bax Over-Expression Coupled With Bcl-2 Suppression Under The Control Of The Cancer-Specific Thymidine Kinase Promoter, Brian H. Ladle, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Bax Over-Expression Coupled With Bcl-2 Suppression Under The Control Of The Cancer-Specific Thymidine Kinase Promoter, Brian H. Ladle, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
As researchers continue to discover the molecular origins of cancer, gene therapy targeting cellular processes gone awry shows great promise as the future in cancer treatment. Extensive research is being done to develop more effective techniques targeting different cellular events. One pathway receiving increased attention is apoptosis (the default mechanisms activated intracellularly by extensive damage, causing the cell to kill itself). Often cancer will develop when genetic mutations or other cellular events render the cells unable to die by apoptosis. My research investigates a novel gene therapy that will restore the cancer cell’s ability to die by apoptosis, while limiting …
The Inhibitory Affects Of Phytochemicals Against A Carcinogen By The Modulation Of Xenobiotic Enzymes In Hepg2 Cells, Jon Ahlstrom, Dr. Kim O'Neill
The Inhibitory Affects Of Phytochemicals Against A Carcinogen By The Modulation Of Xenobiotic Enzymes In Hepg2 Cells, Jon Ahlstrom, Dr. Kim O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cancer is the cause of death of 1 in 3 citizens in the United States. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables can reduce cancer deaths by 33%. Cancer prevention from dietary plants may in part be derived from individual phytochemicals inherent to the plant. The identification of plant phytochemicals that have anti-cancer properties and their mode of action is an important area of cancer research.
Antibiotic Resistance In Escherichia-Coli Isolates From Guatemala, Troy Russon, Dr. Ronald Leavitt
Antibiotic Resistance In Escherichia-Coli Isolates From Guatemala, Troy Russon, Dr. Ronald Leavitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
It is estimated that at least one-half of all antibiotic use in the United States is inappropriate.1 Physicians often prescribe broad spectrum antibiotics when the disease causing bacterial strain could be targeted specifically. Also, patients are prone to expect prescriptions for antibiotics even when their infections are viral, such as the common cold. While the United States and most industrialized nations require prescriptions for antimicrobial drug use, most developing countries do not. It is reasonable to hypothesize that drug resistance in these countries may be occurring at a more accelerated rate.2 I tested Escherichia-coli isolates from Guatemala for resistance to …
In Vitro Effects Of Follicular Dendritic Cells On Proliferation Of Hiv Infected T Cells, Jesse Rowley, Dr. Gregory Burton
In Vitro Effects Of Follicular Dendritic Cells On Proliferation Of Hiv Infected T Cells, Jesse Rowley, Dr. Gregory Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the cause of AIDS, has eluded successful treatment since its discovery in the early 1980s. HIV is a retrovirus that infects and eventually destroys CD4+ T cells. In HIV infected individuals it is believed that during the longest phase of infection (latency) most viral production takes place in and around the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid tissues. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are a unique component of the germinal center, and previous studies done in our laboratory have suggested that FDCs may augment viral replication and/or infection within the germinal center.
Ancient Egyptian Textiles: A Genetic Look Into 2000-Year-Old Egyptian Communities, Shaun Odell, Dr. Scott Woodward
Ancient Egyptian Textiles: A Genetic Look Into 2000-Year-Old Egyptian Communities, Shaun Odell, Dr. Scott Woodward
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In the mid 1980’s archeologists from BYU began excavating a 2000-year-old burial site in Northern Egypt called the Fag-el-Gamous cemetery. This cemetery contains the remains of roughly 350,000 individuals who had been buried there between 200 BC and 400 AD during the Greco-Roman period of Egyptian history. The chemical composition of the desert, as well as the hot, dry climate, naturally mummified not only the individuals of focus, but also numerous textile samples found on the mummies. Excavation of this sight has proceeded from that time, providing unique opportunities for study of ancient Egyptian culture.
Preventing Salmonella And Other Bacterial Contamination In Poultry Using A High-Adhering Strain Of Escherichia Coli, Jeffrey P. North, Dr. Ron Leavitt
Preventing Salmonella And Other Bacterial Contamination In Poultry Using A High-Adhering Strain Of Escherichia Coli, Jeffrey P. North, Dr. Ron Leavitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In 1928 Alexander Fleming revolutionized the world with the discovery of penicillin. Penicillin and the antibiotics discovered thereafter revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. Equipped with these miracle drugs, scientists thought the battle against pathogenic bacteria was won. However, bacteria began to evolve to meet the antibiotic challenge. As the 20th century progressed, more and more bacteria developed resistance to one or more antibiotics. This resistance is achieved through mutation or through horizontal gene transfer, when one bacterium transfers the gene to another bacterium.
Follicular Dentritic Cells And Retention Of Hiv Quasi-Species, Candace Mcnaughton, Dr. Gregory Burton
Follicular Dentritic Cells And Retention Of Hiv Quasi-Species, Candace Mcnaughton, Dr. Gregory Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
HIV infects millions of people worldwide; in the year 2000 alone, more than 3 million people died from AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) as a result of HIV infection1. In countries, such as the United States, where effective treatment is affordable, highly active antiretroiviral therapy (HAART) can reduce viral blood loads to currently undetectable levels2. Unfortunately, the side effects of HAART can be severe, resulting in noncompliance, and upon its termination, HIV levels rapidly rebound. Several viral reservoirs within the body have been identified, including the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network3. FDCs trap HIV antibody complexes for long periods of time …
Epigallocatechin Gallate, A Green Tea Polyphenol, Causes Direct Dna Damage At Physiological Concentrations, Jeremy Mcbride, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Epigallocatechin Gallate, A Green Tea Polyphenol, Causes Direct Dna Damage At Physiological Concentrations, Jeremy Mcbride, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol found in green tea. Because tea is ingested by over two thirds of the world’s population, considerable research has been done to identify and characterize the active components of the second most widely consumed beverage (1). Among the many chemopreventative properties that have been attributed to green tea, and EGCG, this botanical product has been established as an antimutagen and a potent free-radical scavenger that has been shown to effectively quench reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that may otherwise damage DNA and other sensitive biomolecules. Such damage, accumulated over time, may lead to mutagenesis …
The Effects Of Concurrent Treatment Of Caffeine And Various Apoptotic-Inducing Drugs In The Molt-4 Cell Line, Janet L. Hart, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
The Effects Of Concurrent Treatment Of Caffeine And Various Apoptotic-Inducing Drugs In The Molt-4 Cell Line, Janet L. Hart, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Apoptosis is the method by which cells undergo programmed cell death or “cell suicide.” The cell initiates apoptosis after there is irreparable damage or if the cell is simply not needed. Some insults that are known to induce apoptosis are irradiation, heat shock, as well as many chemotherapeutic drugs including staurosporine, paclitaxel, and dexamethasone. The precise regulation of apoptosis is critical, as disregulation can lead to many diseases or conditions including autoimmune disorders or cancer.
Bench Top Bioremediation Of Trichloroethylene, Colin Jones, Dr. Alan Harker
Bench Top Bioremediation Of Trichloroethylene, Colin Jones, Dr. Alan Harker
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The initial aim of the project was to compare degradation rates of trichloroethylene (TCE) using two different bacterial strains. After four months of research, my greatest find concerns how to build an effective reactor. After the reactor was constructed, time allowed only focusing on the genetically engineered bacterium and not on the wild type. Perhaps a better title for my final report to ORCA would be “Bench Top Bio-reactors, How Not to Build One.”
Antigenotoxic Effects Of Diallyl Disulfide And Allyl Disulfide On Benzo (A) Pyrene Induced Dna Damage In Hepg2 Cells As Measured By The Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay, Corey W. Speers, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Antigenotoxic Effects Of Diallyl Disulfide And Allyl Disulfide On Benzo (A) Pyrene Induced Dna Damage In Hepg2 Cells As Measured By The Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay, Corey W. Speers, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
One of the most effective strategies in cancer control is chemoprevention. Previous studies have shown naturally occurring organosulfur compounds from garlic and onion to be effective against carcinogenesis. The effects of two of these organosulfur compounds, diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), are thought to be of especial worth. Their anti-carcinogenic effects in the human cell line HepG2 are, however, less understood. HepG2 cells are human hepatoblastoma cells that have maintained their xenobiotic metabolizing competence. Because they are similar in function to cells obtained from human liver tissue, they are ideal for research in vitro. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is an …
Investigation Into The Anti-Angiogenic Activities Of Convolvulus Arvensis Extract, Jeremy F. Mcbride, Rachelle R. Olsen, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Investigation Into The Anti-Angiogenic Activities Of Convolvulus Arvensis Extract, Jeremy F. Mcbride, Rachelle R. Olsen, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Angiogenesis, the development and differentiation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature, is a fundamental physiological process involved in growth, development, and wound healing. Loss of control over the biological molecules which regulate this process can lead to pathologic angiogenesis, or neoangiogenesis, a process associated with such diseases as retinopathies, psoriasis, arthritis, and most importantly, cancer.
Determination Of The Proteins That Bind To The Fg Enhancer Region Of The Col11a2 Gene, Eric Freeman, Dr. Laura Bridgewater
Determination Of The Proteins That Bind To The Fg Enhancer Region Of The Col11a2 Gene, Eric Freeman, Dr. Laura Bridgewater
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Collagen is the most abundant protein found in the human body and is responsible for the development of bone and cartilage. The Col11a2 gene is one of the many genes that participate in the formation of collagen. Mutations in this gene can cause a variety of cartilage diseases and disorders such as cleft palate, hearing loss, osteoarthritis, and perhaps even prenatal lethal chondrodysplasia. Arthritis alone is “the leading cause of work-related disability and the leading cause of disability in persons >65 years in the United States”.i The deadly effects of these mutations warrant a more in-depth study of the …
Analysis Of Unique Genome Segments Of Burkholderia Mallei Obtained From Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, Benjamin Nelson Kartchner, Dr. Richard A. Robison
Analysis Of Unique Genome Segments Of Burkholderia Mallei Obtained From Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, Benjamin Nelson Kartchner, Dr. Richard A. Robison
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Burkholderia mallei the etiological agent of the disease glanders, has the capability to cause disease in both animals and humans. Infection is usually caused through inhalation of organisms present in aerosols which results in serious pulmonary and systemic conditions that results in 40% mortality even with vigorous antimicrobial intervention and rises above 90% without such therapy(2). In addition, because of their dangerous nature both organisms have emerged as possible agents which may be used in the production of biological weapons. Recent research conducted in Dr. Richard Robison’s lab has analyzed genomic relatedness in various strains of B. mallei and the …
Concomitant Treatment Of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs And Chemotherapeutics On Human Acute T Lymphocytes., Janet L. Hart, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Concomitant Treatment Of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs And Chemotherapeutics On Human Acute T Lymphocytes., Janet L. Hart, Dr. Kim L. O'Neill
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as sulindac and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) are frequently used to relieve pain, clotting, fever and inflammation. Recently, NSAIDs have been shown to decrease the occurrence of colorectal cancer and inhibit mammary cancer in rats. To elucidate this mechanism, further research has been done to show an inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by NSAIDs in lung and prostate carcinomas. Many current chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin and methotrexate (DOX and MTX respectively) rely on the Fas/FasL (CD95) pathway to induce cell death. Because MMPs are able to cleave membrane-bound Fas, these chemotherapeutics are less-effective.
Fdcs In Hiv Infected Patients Retain Archival Hiv Sequences, Jesse Rowley, Dr. Gregory Burton
Fdcs In Hiv Infected Patients Retain Archival Hiv Sequences, Jesse Rowley, Dr. Gregory Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, has eluded successful treatment since its discovery in the early 1980s. The prospect of successful treatment came with the advent of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) which has reduced plasma virus replication to undetectable levels in many patients. Although virus may be maintained below detectable levels for years by treatment, complete viral clearance has not been achieved. “Hidden” reservoirs of non-replicating or slowly replicating virus escape rigorous drug treatment. When the patient is taken off of anti-retroviral therapy, plasma virus levels will return to pre-therapy levels and HIV will continue the …