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Articles 31 - 48 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Microbiological Safety Of Organic Fertilizers Used For Produce Production, Cortney Miller
Microbiological Safety Of Organic Fertilizers Used For Produce Production, Cortney Miller
All Theses
Over the last few decades there has been an increase in the use of organic fertilizers due to the rise in popularity of organic food production. However, if the fertilizers are not adequately sanitized there is the possibility of contamination of agricultural crops by foodborne pathogens from the spreading of organic fertilizers onto the crops. This is especially important for animal waste-based fertilizers since animals frequently carry foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, antibiotic use in food animal production may induce antimicrobial resistance in gut bacteria which can be spread to crops and the environment through fertilizer use. The objectives of this study …
Biofuel Ethanol Production By Saccharomyces Bayanus, The Champagne Yeast, Kristen Miller
Biofuel Ethanol Production By Saccharomyces Bayanus, The Champagne Yeast, Kristen Miller
All Theses
The importance of biofuel ethanol is growing as the demand for clean, renewable fuels produced from non-food sources increases. The United States relies mainly on corn and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of ethanol. A shift to cellulosic feedstocks, as the main source of biomass for ethanol production, would alleviate the pressure on farmers to produce corn for both the food industry and the ethanol industry. Example cellulosic feedstocks include switchgrass, sorghum, and canary grass. The cellulosic feedstocks are typically grown on land that cannot support economic food production, and thus lay unused.
For cellulosic feedstocks to be …
Bovine Colostrum, Mary Hayes
Bovine Colostrum, Mary Hayes
All Theses
Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammals within a 24 to 72 hour period after parturition. Bovine colostrum is sold commercially as a nutraceutical product and its manufacturers purport numerous health benefits of the product for treating gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory tract disorders, viral and bacterial infections, and promoting tissue repair.
Four commercially available colostrum products, two whey, and one non-fat dry milk were obtained on separate days. These products were analyzed for fat, protein, ash, moisture and dry matter content. One colostrum product did not adhere to label claims in that it contained a mean of 19.1% fat whereas …
In Vitro Boosting And Expansion Of Tumor Infiltrating Killer T Cells, Chunlei Mei
In Vitro Boosting And Expansion Of Tumor Infiltrating Killer T Cells, Chunlei Mei
All Theses
Immune cell tumor infiltration represents one of the mechanisms that the immune system responds to tumor cells. The tumor infiltrated immune cells include lymphocytes (TIL), dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. Although TILs have been extensively studied in order to develop adoptive transfer based immunotherapies, how to effectively isolate, culture, and in vitro boosting the killer cells from TILs remains a challenge. Meanwhile, OK-432, a heat and penicillin-treated lyophilized preparation of the low-virulence strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, has been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory activities and potential antitumor therapeutic function, including the activation of DCs, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, …
Further Purification And Characterization Of Jenseniin P, A Bacteriocin Produced By Propionibacterium Jensenii B1264, Gaoyan Wang
Further Purification And Characterization Of Jenseniin P, A Bacteriocin Produced By Propionibacterium Jensenii B1264, Gaoyan Wang
All Theses
Jenseniin P, a bacteriocin discovered by Prince, can inhibit the growth of several strains of propionibacteria and lactobacillus(Prince 1993). Ratnam further purified jenseniin P by ammonia sulfate precipitation and anion exchange chromatography. In that study, partially purified jenseniin P was stable in various pH ranges, SDS concentrations, several solvents, and remained active after holding at 100 ¡C for 60 minutes. The molecular weight was estimated to be between 6 and 9 kDa. In addition, jenseniin P was demonstrated to be inhibitory to Propionibacterium acnes using the spot-on-lawn method. Thus, Ratnam postulated its possible application in acne treatment(Ratnam 1997).
In this …
Genome-Wide Screening For Functional Factors In Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Formation, Yong Ouyang
Genome-Wide Screening For Functional Factors In Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Formation, Yong Ouyang
All Theses
ABSTRACT
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous gram positive food borne pathogen. Ingestion of L.monocytogenes contaminated food can cause serious infections in immune-compromised persons. In addition to planktonic growth, this pathogen can also grow as biofilms under adverse conditions, which has been proved to be more resistant than its planktonic counterpart to various eradications, such as antibiotic treatments. Compared with the extensively studied intracellular replication mechanisms, L.monocytogenes biofilm developmental process is not well understood.
Our research group initiated a systemic study on the molecular mechanisms of L.monocytogenes biofilm formation. A whole genome-scale screening for functional factors involved in L.monocytogenes biofilm development …
Growth And Hydrogen Production From Carbohydrates And Switchgrass By Thermotoga Neapolitana, Divya Dharshini Chandrasekaran
Growth And Hydrogen Production From Carbohydrates And Switchgrass By Thermotoga Neapolitana, Divya Dharshini Chandrasekaran
All Theses
Thermotoga neapolitana is an anaerobic thermophilic marine bacterium that has been reported to degrade cellulose. This hyperthermophilic bacterium grows at 77¡C and could be used in large scale applications because of its ability to withstand extreme conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze the growth and production of hydrogen by T. neapolitana when grown on various carbon sources including the bioenergy crop switchgrass. Switchgrass was provided by the Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center and was milled to about 4mm in size. Switchgrass was then added to an anaerobic medium and inoculated with T. neapolitana . …
Modified Method For The Microbial Enumeration Of High Fat Foods, Robert Valerio
Modified Method For The Microbial Enumeration Of High Fat Foods, Robert Valerio
All Theses
Foods of high fat content, such as peanut butter and ground beef, can be of particular interest to food microbiologists due to their role in harboring microorganisms that lead to spoilage and/or foodborne illnesses. In previous studies on raw poultry rendering materials, Glenn (2006) determined standard phosphate buffer serial dilutions produced erratic microbial enumeration results. As the material contained high fat, it was
hypothesized that the immiscibility of fat in the aqueous buffer caused the errors. This could occur by fat globules entrapping microorganisms in foods. Upon serial dilution with aqueous buffers, the fat globules may not be evenly dispersed …
Erk 1/2 And P38 Mapk Pathways Are Both Invovled In The Expression Of Interleukin-6, -8, And Cyclooxygenase-2 In Thrombocytes Stimulated With Lipopolysaccharide, Candace Hitchcock
Erk 1/2 And P38 Mapk Pathways Are Both Invovled In The Expression Of Interleukin-6, -8, And Cyclooxygenase-2 In Thrombocytes Stimulated With Lipopolysaccharide, Candace Hitchcock
All Theses
This study was conducted to determine if the p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways are involved in transcription of IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 in the chicken thrombocyte response to ligation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by Salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thrombocytes were isolated and subsequently treated with either p38 MAPK or ERK inhibitor, and then with LPS during in vitro cell culture. Transcription of IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 mRNA was determined using real-time PCR. The experiments were repeated using pM, nM and μM concentrations of both inhibitors to test cell sensitivity. Stimulation with LPS induced expression of IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 …
Anticancer Properties Of Research-Grade Hydrastis Canadensis (Goldenseal) And Characterization Of Its Effect On The Mdr1-Encoded Phosphoglycoprotein Efflux Pump, Sara Garrett
All Theses
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in tumors, observed both in vivo and in vitro, is generally attributed to efflux-mediated reduced drug accumulation via mdr1/P-gp. Notoriously chemoresistant colorectal cancers exhibit the highest P-gp expression, account for 9% of all cancer deaths, and are the third most common cancer in men and women. P-gp, a 170kDa protein, contains twelve transmembrane segments with two ATP-binding domains used to extrude intracellular compounds of broad specificity against a concentration gradient. Studies concerning natural health products are becoming more prevalent in the search for safe anti-P-gp remedies and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal) was studied for its anti-cancer properties. …
A Microbiological Survey And Characterization, Andrew Daane
A Microbiological Survey And Characterization, Andrew Daane
All Theses
In our study, two dairy compost heaps and one vegetable scrap compost heap were constructed on two research farms in Clemson, SC. Samples were taken from each heap from different locations at 8 elected intervals and analyzed for enterococci and VRE counts by spread plating on Bile Esculin agar (BEA) and BEA containing 6 g/ml of vancomycin, respectively. The initial populations of enterococci and VRE in compost were in the range of 6.46-7.43 and 5.36-6.70 log CFU/g, respectively. After 30 days of active composting the average VRE populations declined ca. 4.6, 4.07, 3.97 and 1.6 logs at the top, center, …
The Application Of Bacteriophage For The Elimination Of Pathogenic Bacteria In Compost, Spencer Heringa
The Application Of Bacteriophage For The Elimination Of Pathogenic Bacteria In Compost, Spencer Heringa
All Theses
The demand for organically grown produce is rapidly rising in the United States, resulting in a resurgence of natural fertilizers, such as animal waste, being used in agriculture. Currently, there are guidelines set by the USDA for the proper processing of fecal materials through composting; however food-borne illnesses associated with fresh-produce have become more and more common. Research is being conducted toward developing more effective treatments of fecal waste to reduce the survival of harmful bacteria. One possible form of treatment is through the use of bacteriophages that are able to 'seek and destroy' specific bacteria. The objectives of this …
Sequencing, Sub-Cloning, Expression And Purification Of 2-Hydroxychromene-2-Carboxylate Isomerase From Sphingomonas Paucimobilis Epa505, Aaron Brown
All Theses
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous toxic pollutants that are slow to degrade naturally and costly to remediate artificially. Several species of bacteria have been shown to degrade PAHs, including Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA505. The aerobic bacterial catabolism of the PAH naphthalene has been studied in several PAH metabolizing bacteria but never in EPA505. This study addresses this deficiency by identifying and characterizing one of the genes for naphthalene metabolism--nahD. NahD codes for the enzyme 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate (HCCA) isomerase, which is the fourth of six enzymes in the upper catabolic pathway of naphthalene.
In this study, the gene nahD is identified …
Isolation Of An Anti-Cd20 Single Chain Variable Fragment From A Naive Human Phage-Scfv Library, Amma Bosompem
Isolation Of An Anti-Cd20 Single Chain Variable Fragment From A Naive Human Phage-Scfv Library, Amma Bosompem
All Theses
CD20 is a non-glycosylated transmembrane protein expressed on normal B cells, malignant B cells, and plasma cells, but not their stem cell precursors. It is an ideal target for antibody therapy because it is not significantly shed or internalized, and CD20 expression is generally not lost after antibody binding. Depleted B cells can also be regenerated after antibody therapy. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, was the first monoclonal antibody to be approved by the FDA for lymphoma. Results from clinical trials have shown that anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, which can be used unchanged or as carriers for radionuclides or …
The Antibacterial Properties Of Brookite Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Rupal Shah
All Theses
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a major human pathogen, is a common cause of infections worldwide due to its high virulence intensity. By adapting to rapidly changing and uniformly hostile environments, strains of S. aureus acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents shortly after their exposure. For example, within a year of its introduction, S. aureus developed resistance to methicillin which triggered the development of other antimicrobial treatments. In spite of the various antibiotics currently used to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections, antimicrobial resistance is an unavoidable consequence due to the selective pressure of antibiotic exposure. Thus, other prevention modalities are warranted …
Lipid Microdomains Are Involved In Adhesion Of Entamoeba Histolytica Trophozoites To Host Extracellular Matrix Components, Kriti Mittal
Lipid Microdomains Are Involved In Adhesion Of Entamoeba Histolytica Trophozoites To Host Extracellular Matrix Components, Kriti Mittal
All Theses
Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic human protozoan that infects 500,000,000 people worldwide annually. In the course of the parasite's life cycle, motile trophozoites breach the colonic mucosa, invade through the epithelial layer and extracellular matrix (ECM) and occasionally disseminate through portal blood vessels to distant organs. Membrane rafts are small heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid- enriched domains whose functional significance entails compartmentalization of cellular processes and regulation of cellular signaling. Recent studies reveal the physiological role of membrane rafts in adhesion to host epithelium in E. histolytica. In the current study we examined the role of lipid rafts …
The Microbiological Analysis Of Composting, Marion Shepherd
The Microbiological Analysis Of Composting, Marion Shepherd
All Theses
The objectives of this study were to: 1) perform a survey of South Carolina poultry farms to determine if the methods implemented resulted in the destruction of foodborne pathogens, and 2) determine the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in a dairy manure-based compost performed in uncontrolled environmental conditions.
In the survey of poultry farms Ninety-one (91) of 141 compost samples analyzed were positive for coliform populations ranging from 1.00 to 6.00 log10 CFU/g. Among finished compost samples (n=21), ca. 62%, 33%, and 14% were positive for coliforms, presumptive Salmonella, and presumptive Listeria, respectively.
In the investigation of the survival of …
Heat Inactivation Of Thermo-Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Poultry Offal, Lina Ramirez-Lopez
Heat Inactivation Of Thermo-Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Poultry Offal, Lina Ramirez-Lopez
All Theses
ABSTRACT The presence of thermo-resistant bacteria in products from the rendering industry is a concern in the United States because only about 80% of the rendering industries use thermal processing to eliminate bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine the thermal inactivation characteristics of thermo-resistant bacteria from raw rendering materials. Ground beef with 21% protein, 19% fat, and 60% moisture was used as a model media to simulate raw rendering material. Raw animal co-products were heated at 91, 95, 96¡C for 90 min, then surviving bacteria were recovered. These heat resistant isolates were inoculated into meat samples then …