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Articles 61 - 69 of 69

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Critical Insights Into The Pathogenesis Of Clinical Isolates Of Pandemic Influenza A(H1n1) 2009 Virus In Mouse And Ferret Models., Jeremy V. Camp 1980- May 2015

Critical Insights Into The Pathogenesis Of Clinical Isolates Of Pandemic Influenza A(H1n1) 2009 Virus In Mouse And Ferret Models., Jeremy V. Camp 1980-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a minus-sense, segmented, single-stranded RNA virus that infects the respiratory tract of humans and can cause severe illness. Novel IAV variants perpetually emerge on every continent, and the emergence of variants with increased transmissibility and/or pathogenesis in the human population is a serious concern for global public health. Infection with IAV typically causes an acute, self-limiting upper respiratory tract disease. However, severe IAV disease is characterized by infection of the lower respiratory tract which can lead to pneumonia and may result in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Viral and host contributions to …


Early Host Response And Immune Signaling To 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1n1) Viruses In Primary Cell Culture Models., Rachael Lask Gerlach May 2015

Early Host Response And Immune Signaling To 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1n1) Viruses In Primary Cell Culture Models., Rachael Lask Gerlach

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes and even genotypes within subtypes can show differences in tropism (host, cell type), magnitude of infection, immune response and progression of illness. My dissertation focused on the development and use of two in vitro physiologically-relevant human cell culture models, well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (wdNHBE) cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) for the study of early IAV-host interactions. These models have given new insight into early host responses to seasonal H1N1 (BN59) and two pandemic A(H1N1)2009 viruses or H1N1pdm herein. The H1N1pdm are clinical isolates from a fatal (A/KY/180/10) and nonfatal (A/KY/136/09) case. In the …


Modulation Of The Ovarian Cancer Humoral Response By Tumor-Derived Exosomes., Carolyn Denise Roberson Dec 2014

Modulation Of The Ovarian Cancer Humoral Response By Tumor-Derived Exosomes., Carolyn Denise Roberson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer is complicated by its diagnosis during the latter stages of the disease resulting from lack of symptoms or from presence of symptoms that mimic other conditions. Because of the often fatal prognosis by the time of actual detection, efforts are being made to better understand the host immune response to ovarian cancer. In this study, the contributions of the humoral immune response were investigated by focusing on the role of tumor-derived exosomes and their ability to modulate humoral immune responses. First, ovarian cancer patient-derived free circulating antibodies were investigated for immunoreactivity to patient antigen. …


Modulation Of Host Polyubiquitination By The Ankb F-Box Protein Of Legionella Pneumophila., William M. Bruckert Dec 2014

Modulation Of Host Polyubiquitination By The Ankb F-Box Protein Of Legionella Pneumophila., William M. Bruckert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen that infects a wide array of protozoan hosts and human alveolar macrophages. L. pneumophila is dependent on a functional Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system that translocates bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. L. pneumophila genomes encode more than 250 effector proteins, many of which inhibit host cellular processes to form a favorable niche termed the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). The eukaryotic-like Dot/Icm translocated effector AnkB contains two eukaryotic-like ankyrin protein-protein interacting domains, one eukaryotic-like F- box domain and an eukaryotic C-terminal CaaX motif. Immediately following attachment of extracellular bacteria, AnkB is translocated …


A Mechanism For Trif Adaptor-Biased Signaling By Toll-Like Receptor 4., Joseph Peterson Kolb Dec 2014

A Mechanism For Trif Adaptor-Biased Signaling By Toll-Like Receptor 4., Joseph Peterson Kolb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Host cells respond to bacterial lipid A through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Activation of TLR4 by lipid A triggers a response that involves two main adaptor proteins, MyD88 and TRIF. MyD88-dependent gene expression is associated with proinflammatory protein production, while TRIF-dependent gene expression is essential for optimal activation of adaptive immunity by antigen-presenting cells. Detoxified, monophosphoryl lipid A agonists (MPLA or synthetic MLA) were previously suggested to elicit TRIF-biased TLR4 signaling; that is, induction of weaker MyD88-associated gene expression but relatively intact TRIF-dependent gene expression when compared to fully active diphosphoryl lipid A (lipid A). In this work, we explored …


Il-12 Induced Modulation Of Tumor Derived Myeloid Cell Inflammatory Responsiveness., Courtney Jetun Mitchell Aug 2014

Il-12 Induced Modulation Of Tumor Derived Myeloid Cell Inflammatory Responsiveness., Courtney Jetun Mitchell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tumor infiltrating and tumor associated myeloid cells (TIMs and TAMs) elaborate an array of factors that promote tumor growth and metastasis. IL-12, a potent inflammatory cytokine has been shown to induce regression of many cancers. We hypothesize that IL-12 augments the ability of TIMs and TAMs to respond to inflammatory stimuli providing a window in which these stimuli are more likely to promote tumor destruction. Related to this hypothesis, we asked two questions: (1) Does IL-12 directly change signaling events associated with inflammatory signal transduction? (2) Is IFN? required for the entirety of IL-12 induced enhancement of the response of …


Sa-4-1bbl As A Platform To Develop Adjuvant Systems For Prophylactic And Therapeutic Vaccines., Gunes Dinc 1984- May 2014

Sa-4-1bbl As A Platform To Develop Adjuvant Systems For Prophylactic And Therapeutic Vaccines., Gunes Dinc 1984-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Vaccines against infectious diseases are one of the most critical accomplishments in modern medicine. Despite significant progress in vaccinology, there is still a dire need for developing vaccines against various acute and chronic infections and cancer. In general, vaccines are categorized as prophylactic, given to healthy individuals to prevent disease, and therapeutic, administered to people who already have disease. As such, the nature, quality, and quantity of immune responses required for the efficacy of these two types vaccines are different. Prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases primarily rely on the generation of neutralizing high titers of antibody for their efficacy. These …


Regulation Of Macrophage Inflammatory Signaling Pathways By Amp-Activated Protein Kinase., Yanfang Zhu May 2014

Regulation Of Macrophage Inflammatory Signaling Pathways By Amp-Activated Protein Kinase., Yanfang Zhu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, is a conserved serine/threonine kinase with a critical function in the regulation of metabolic pathways in eukaryotic cells. Recently, AMPK has been shown to play an additional role as a regulator of inflammatory activity in leukocytes. Treatment of macrophages with chemical AMPK activators, or forced expression of a constitutively active form of AMPK, results in polarization to an antiinflammatory phenotype. Additionally, we reported previously that stimulation of macrophages with antiinflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-4 and TGF-ß results in rapid activation of AMPK, suggesting that AMPK contributes to the suppressive function of these cytokines. In the …


A Comparison Of Various Sizes Of Inverted Vials Used In Durham Fermentation Tubes., Blanche Mae Welsh Jan 1940

A Comparison Of Various Sizes Of Inverted Vials Used In Durham Fermentation Tubes., Blanche Mae Welsh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.