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Articles 121 - 150 of 206

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Genome Sequence Variation In The Constricta Strain Dramatically Alters The Protein Interaction And Localization Map Of Potato Yellow Dwarf Virus, Chanyong Jang, Renyuan Wang, Joseph Wells, Fabian Leon, Mark Farman, John Hammond, Michael M. Goodin Jun 2017

Genome Sequence Variation In The Constricta Strain Dramatically Alters The Protein Interaction And Localization Map Of Potato Yellow Dwarf Virus, Chanyong Jang, Renyuan Wang, Joseph Wells, Fabian Leon, Mark Farman, John Hammond, Michael M. Goodin

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

The genome sequence of the constricta strain of Potato yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) was determined to be 12 792 nt long and organized into seven ORFs with the gene order 3′-N-X-P-Y-M-G-L-5′, which encodes the nucleocapsid, phospho, movement, matrix, glyco, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins, respectively, except for X, which is of unknown function. Cloned ORFs for each gene, except L, were used to construct a protein interaction and localization map (PILM) for this virus, which shares greater than 80 % amino acid similarity in all ORFs except X and P with the sanguinolenta strain of this species (SYDV). Protein localization …

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Genetic Metabolic Complementation Establishes A Requirement For Gdp-Fucose In Leishmania, Hongjie Guo, Natalia M. Novozhilova, Giulia Bandini, Salvatore J. Turco, Michael A. L. Ferguson, Stephen M. Beverley May 2017

Genetic Metabolic Complementation Establishes A Requirement For Gdp-Fucose In Leishmania, Hongjie Guo, Natalia M. Novozhilova, Giulia Bandini, Salvatore J. Turco, Michael A. L. Ferguson, Stephen M. Beverley

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

To survive in its sand fly vector, the trypanosomatid protozoan parasite Leishmania first attaches to the midgut to avoid excretion, but eventually it must detach for transmission by the next bite. In Leishmania major strain Friedlin, this is controlled by modifications of the stage-specific adhesin lipophosphoglycan (LPG). During differentiation to infective metacyclics, d-arabinopyranose (d-Arap) caps the LPG side-chain galactose residues, blocking interaction with the midgut lectin PpGalec, thereby leading to parasite detachment and transmission. Previously, we characterized two closely related L. major genes (FKP40 and AFKP80) encoding bifunctional proteins with kinase/pyrophosphorylase activities required for salvage and …

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Are Cdi Systems Multicolored, Facultative, Helping Greenbeards?, Elizabeth S. Danka, Erin C. Garcia, Peggy A. Cotter May 2017

Are Cdi Systems Multicolored, Facultative, Helping Greenbeards?, Elizabeth S. Danka, Erin C. Garcia, Peggy A. Cotter

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Competitive and cooperative interactions between organisms, including bacteria, can significantly impact the composition of a community and the fitness of its members, as well as the fitness of their hosts when communities are living on or within other organisms. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is critical to the development of strategies to control microbiological communities that impact animal and plant health and also for understanding the evolution of social behaviors, which has been challenging for evolutionary biologists. Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a phenomenon defined by the delivery of a protein toxin to the cytoplasm of neighboring bacteria upon cell–cell contact, …

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Draft Nuclear Genome Sequence Of The Liquid Hydrocarbon–Accumulating Green Microalga Botryococcus Braunii Race B (Showa), Daniel R. Browne, Jerry Jenkins, Jeremy Schmutz, Shengqiang Shu, Kerrie Barry, Jane Grimwood, Jennifer Chiniquy, Aditi Sharma, Thomas Daniel Niehaus, Taylor L. Weiss, Andrew T. Koppisch, David T. Fox, Suraj Dhungana, Shigeru Okada, Joe Chappell, Timothy P. Devarenne Apr 2017

Draft Nuclear Genome Sequence Of The Liquid Hydrocarbon–Accumulating Green Microalga Botryococcus Braunii Race B (Showa), Daniel R. Browne, Jerry Jenkins, Jeremy Schmutz, Shengqiang Shu, Kerrie Barry, Jane Grimwood, Jennifer Chiniquy, Aditi Sharma, Thomas Daniel Niehaus, Taylor L. Weiss, Andrew T. Koppisch, David T. Fox, Suraj Dhungana, Shigeru Okada, Joe Chappell, Timothy P. Devarenne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Botryococcus braunii has long been known as a prodigious producer of liquid hydrocarbon oils that can be converted into combustion engine fuels. This draft genome for the B race of B. braunii will allow researchers to unravel important hydrocarbon biosynthetic pathways and identify possible regulatory networks controlling this unusual metabolism.

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Sterol Binding By The Tombusviral Replication Proteins Is Essential For Replication In Yeast And Plants, Kai Xu, Peter D. Nagy Apr 2017

Sterol Binding By The Tombusviral Replication Proteins Is Essential For Replication In Yeast And Plants, Kai Xu, Peter D. Nagy

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Membranous structures derived from various organelles are important for replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses. Although the important roles of co-opted host proteins in RNA virus replication have been appreciated for a decade, the equally important functions of cellular lipids in virus replication have been gaining full attention only recently. Previous work with Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus (TBSV) in model host yeast has revealed essential roles for phosphatidylethanolamine and sterols in viral replication. To further our understanding of the role of sterols in tombusvirus replication, in this work we showed that the TBSV p33 and p92 replication proteins could bind to …

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Nephrotoxicity In Patients With Or Without Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Polymyxin B Compared To Colistin, Ryan L. Crass, Wilbur Cliff Rutter, Donna R. Burgess, Craig A. Martin, David S. Burgess Apr 2017

Nephrotoxicity In Patients With Or Without Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Polymyxin B Compared To Colistin, Ryan L. Crass, Wilbur Cliff Rutter, Donna R. Burgess, Craig A. Martin, David S. Burgess

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Nephrotoxicity is the primary adverse effect of the polymyxins. The relative rates of toxicity of polymyxin B and colistin have not been fully elucidated, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A retrospective cohort study of adults treated with polymyxin B or colistin for at least 48 h was conducted. The primary endpoint was the incidence of kidney injury assessed by RIFLE (i.e., risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease) criteria. Risk factors for kidney injury were evaluated using multivariate Cox regression. A total of 414 patients were evaluated, 220 of whom had CF. In patients without CF, there was …

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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Recruitment Of Inflammatory Mononuclear Cells Leads To Inflammation And Altered Brain Development In Murine Cytomegalovirus-Infected Newborn Mice, Maria C. Seleme, Kate Kosmac, Stipan Jonjic, William J. Britt Apr 2017

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Recruitment Of Inflammatory Mononuclear Cells Leads To Inflammation And Altered Brain Development In Murine Cytomegalovirus-Infected Newborn Mice, Maria C. Seleme, Kate Kosmac, Stipan Jonjic, William J. Britt

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a significant cause of abnormal neurodevelopment and long-term neurological sequelae in infants and children. Resident cell populations of the developing brain have been suggested to be more susceptible to virus-induced cytopathology, a pathway thought to contribute to the clinical outcomes following intrauterine HCMV infection. However, recent findings in a newborn mouse model of the infection in the developing brain have indicated that elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators leading to mononuclear cell activation and recruitment could underlie the abnormal neurodevelopment. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-neutralizing …

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Virus-Mediated Suppression Of Host Non-Self Recognition Facilitates Horizontal Transmission Of Heterologous Viruses, Songsong Wu, Jiasen Cheng, Yanping Fu, Tao Chen, Daohong Jiang, Said A. Ghabrial, Jiatao Xie Mar 2017

Virus-Mediated Suppression Of Host Non-Self Recognition Facilitates Horizontal Transmission Of Heterologous Viruses, Songsong Wu, Jiasen Cheng, Yanping Fu, Tao Chen, Daohong Jiang, Said A. Ghabrial, Jiatao Xie

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Non-self recognition is a common phenomenon among organisms; it often leads to innate immunity to prevent the invasion of parasites and maintain the genetic polymorphism of organisms. Fungal vegetative incompatibility is a type of non-self recognition which often induces programmed cell death (PCD) and restricts the spread of molecular parasites. It is not clearly known whether virus infection could attenuate non-self recognition among host individuals to facilitate its spread. Here, we report that a hypovirulence-associated mycoreovirus, named Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycoreovirus 4 (SsMYRV4), could suppress host non-self recognition and facilitate horizontal transmission of heterologous viruses. We found that cell death in …

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Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas Palustris Gj-22 Induces Systemic Resistance Against Viruses, Pin Su, Xinqiu Tan, Chenggang Li, Deyong Zhang, Ju’E Cheng, Songbai Zhang, Xuguo Zhou, Qingpin Yan, Jing Peng, Zhuo Zhang, Yong Liu, Xiangyang Lu Mar 2017

Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas Palustris Gj-22 Induces Systemic Resistance Against Viruses, Pin Su, Xinqiu Tan, Chenggang Li, Deyong Zhang, Ju’E Cheng, Songbai Zhang, Xuguo Zhou, Qingpin Yan, Jing Peng, Zhuo Zhang, Yong Liu, Xiangyang Lu

Entomology Faculty Publications

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) have been extensively used in agriculture to promote plant growth and to improve crop quality. Their potential application in plant disease management, however, is largely overlooked. In this study, the PSB strain Rhodopseudomonas palustris GJ-22 was investigated for its ability to induce resistance against a plant virus while promoting plant growth. In the field, a foliar spray of GJ-22 suspension protected tobacco plants against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Under axenic conditions, GJ-22 colonized the plant phyllosphere and induced resistance against TMV. Additionally, GJ-22 produced two phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid, which promote growth and germination in …

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Nephrotoxicity During Vancomycin Therapy In Combination With Piperacillin-Tazobactam Or Cefepime, Wilbur Cliff Rutter, Jessica N. Cox, Craig A. Martin, Donna R. Burgess, David S. Burgess Feb 2017

Nephrotoxicity During Vancomycin Therapy In Combination With Piperacillin-Tazobactam Or Cefepime, Wilbur Cliff Rutter, Jessica N. Cox, Craig A. Martin, Donna R. Burgess, David S. Burgess

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Recent reports have demonstrated that vancomycin (VAN) may lead to an increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) when it is combined with antipseudomonal beta-lactams. This study compared the incidence of AKI associated with VAN plus piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) or cefepime (FEP). This was a retrospective, matched cohort study that was conducted at an academic medical center between September 2010 and September 2014 and that included adult patients without severe chronic or structural kidney disease, dialysis, pregnancy, cystic fibrosis, or a hospital transfer receiving TZP-VAN or FEP-VAN for at least 48 h. The primary outcome was the difference in …

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Microbial Interactions In The Phyllosphere Increase Plant Performance Under Herbivore Biotic Stress, Muhammad Saleem, Nicole Meckes, Zahida H. Pervaiz, Milton B. Traw Jan 2017

Microbial Interactions In The Phyllosphere Increase Plant Performance Under Herbivore Biotic Stress, Muhammad Saleem, Nicole Meckes, Zahida H. Pervaiz, Milton B. Traw

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The phyllosphere supports a tremendous diversity of microbes and other organisms. However, little is known about the colonization and survival of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria alone or together in the phyllosphere across the whole plant life-cycle under herbivory, which hinders our ability to understand the role of phyllosphere bacteria on plant performance. We addressed these questions in experiments using four genetically and biogeographically diverse accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, three ecologically important bacterial strains (Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, Xanthomonas campestris, both pathogens, and Bacillus cereus, plant beneficial) under common garden conditions that included fungus gnats (Bradysia spp.). …

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Functional And Structural Studies On The Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Gmha, The First Enzyme In The Glycero-Manno-Heptose Biosynthesis Pathways, Demonstrate A Critical Role In Lipooligosaccharide Synthesis And Gonococcal Viability, Igor H. Wierzbicki, Ryszard A. Zielke, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Aleksandra E. Sikora Jan 2017

Functional And Structural Studies On The Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Gmha, The First Enzyme In The Glycero-Manno-Heptose Biosynthesis Pathways, Demonstrate A Critical Role In Lipooligosaccharide Synthesis And Gonococcal Viability, Igor H. Wierzbicki, Ryszard A. Zielke, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Aleksandra E. Sikora

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate isomerase, GmhA, is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of nucleotide-activated-glycero-manno-heptoses and an attractive, yet underexploited, target for development of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We demonstrated that GmhA homologs in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis (hereafter called GmhAGC and GmhANM, respectively) were interchangeable proteins essential for lipooligosaccharide (LOS) synthesis, and their depletion had adverse effects on neisserial viability. In contrast, the Escherichia coli ortholog failed to complement GmhAGC depletion. Furthermore, we showed that GmhAGC is a cytoplasmic enzyme with induced expression at mid-logarithmic phase, upon iron deprivation and anaerobiosis, and conserved in contemporary gonococcal …

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Fractionation And Characterization Of Lignin Streams From Genetically Engineered Switchgrass, Enshi Liu Jan 2017

Fractionation And Characterization Of Lignin Streams From Genetically Engineered Switchgrass, Enshi Liu

Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Development of biomass feedstocks with desirable traits for cost-effective conversion is one of the main focus areas in biofuels research. As suggested by techno-economic analyses, the success of a lignocellulose-based biorefinery largely relies on the utilization of lignin to generate value-added products, i.e. fuels and chemicals. The fate of lignin and its structural/compositional changes during pretreatment have received increasing attention; however, the effect of genetic modification on the fractionation, depolymerization and catalytic upgrading of lignin from genetically engineered plants is not well understood. This study aims to fractionate and characterize the lignin streams from a wild-type and two genetically engineered …

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Role Of Intracellular Growth During The Gastrointestinal Stage Of Listeria Monocytogenes Infection, Grant Steven Jones Jan 2017

Role Of Intracellular Growth During The Gastrointestinal Stage Of Listeria Monocytogenes Infection, Grant Steven Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes foodborne disease in humans. L. monocytogenes invade the gut mucosa and then disseminate, causing systemic infections associated with high mortality rates in immunocompromised individuals. It is unknown how L. monocytogenes traffic to the mesenteric lymph nodes, which represent an important bottleneck for systemic spread. In addition, little is known about the gastrointestinal stage of infection due to the general resistance of mice to oral infection with L. monocytogenes. Our laboratory developed a novel foodborne mouse model of listeriosis utilizing a murinized strain of L. monocytogenes to investigate the gastrointestinal stage …

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Evolution Of Equine Arteritis Virus During Persistent Infection In The Reproductive Tract Of The Stallion And The Male Donkey, Bora Nam Jan 2017

Evolution Of Equine Arteritis Virus During Persistent Infection In The Reproductive Tract Of The Stallion And The Male Donkey, Bora Nam

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) establishes persistent infection in the stallion reproductive tract, and the carrier stallion continues to shed virus in semen for weeks to years or lifelong. The objective of this study was to elucidate the intra-host evolution of EAV during persistent infection in stallions. Seven EAV seronegative stallions were experimentally infected with EAV KY84 strain and followed for 726 days post-infection, and sequential clinical samples including semen were collected for virus isolation and next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, archived sequential semen samples from two stallions that were naturally infected with EAV KY84 for a long-period (up to 10 …

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Studies Relating Pqq Biosynthesis To Putative Peptidases And Operon Structure In Pseudomonas Species, Benjamin Diaz Jan 2017

Studies Relating Pqq Biosynthesis To Putative Peptidases And Operon Structure In Pseudomonas Species, Benjamin Diaz

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Several bacteria isolated from the broccoli rhizosphere were assayed to compare their ability to solubilize phosphate and release pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) into the surrounding media. Subsequently, their genomes were sequenced and analyzed for PQQ biosynthesis operon structure. PQQ biosynthesis genes pqqA-F were found in all isolates. The order of PQQ biosynthesis genes and predicted amino acid sequences were compared to each other and the host’s ability to solubilize phosphate and release PQQ. In all Pseudomonas species, two putative protease genes, pqqF, and pqqG, flanked the canonical pqqA-pqqE biosynthesis operon. No mechanistic studies have confirmed the function of …

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Heterodimers As The Structural Unit Of The T=1 Capsid Of The Fungal Double-Stranded Rna Rosellinia Necatrix Quadrivirus 1, Daniel Luque, Carlos P. Mata, Fernando González-Camacho, José M. González, Josué Gómez-Blanco, Carlos Alfonso, Germán Rivas, Wendy M. Havens, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Said A. Ghabrial, Benes L. Trus, José R Castón Dec 2016

Heterodimers As The Structural Unit Of The T=1 Capsid Of The Fungal Double-Stranded Rna Rosellinia Necatrix Quadrivirus 1, Daniel Luque, Carlos P. Mata, Fernando González-Camacho, José M. González, Josué Gómez-Blanco, Carlos Alfonso, Germán Rivas, Wendy M. Havens, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Said A. Ghabrial, Benes L. Trus, José R Castón

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Most double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses are transcribed and replicated in a specialized icosahedral capsid with a T=1 lattice consisting of 60 asymmetric capsid protein (CP) dimers. These capsids help to organize the viral genome and replicative complex(es). They also act as molecular sieves that isolate the virus genome from host defense mechanisms and allow the passage of nucleotides and viral transcripts. Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1 (RnQV1), the type species of the family Quadriviridae, is a dsRNA fungal virus with a multipartite genome consisting of four monocistronic segments (segments 1 to 4). dsRNA-2 and dsRNA-4 encode two CPs (P2 and …

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Mycosins Are Required For The Stabilization Of The Esx-1 And Esx-5 Type Vii Secretion Membrane Complexes, Vincent J. C. Van Winden, Roy Ummels, Sander R. Piersma, Connie R. Jiménez, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Wilbert Bitter, Edith N. G. Houben Oct 2016

Mycosins Are Required For The Stabilization Of The Esx-1 And Esx-5 Type Vii Secretion Membrane Complexes, Vincent J. C. Van Winden, Roy Ummels, Sander R. Piersma, Connie R. Jiménez, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Wilbert Bitter, Edith N. G. Houben

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

ABSTRACT Pathogenic mycobacteria contain up to five type VII secretion (T7S) systems, ESX-1 to ESX-5. One of the conserved T7S components is the serine protease mycosin (MycP). Strikingly, whereas MycP is essential for secretion, the protease activity of MycP1 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to be dispensable for secretion. The essential role of MycP therefore remains unclear. Here we show that MycP1 and MycP5 of M. marinum have similar phenotypes, confirming that MycP has a second unknown function that is essential for its T7S system. To investigate whether this role is related to proper functioning of …

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Spyb, A Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects The Composition Of The Cell Wall In Streptococcus Pyogenes, Rebecca J. Edgar, Jing Chen, Sashi Kant, Elena Rechkina, Jeffrey S. Rush, Lennart S. Forsberg, Bernhard Jaehrig, Parastoo Azadi, Veronika Tchesnokova, Evgeni V. Sokurenko, Haining Zhu, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Vijay Pancholi, Natalia Korotkova Oct 2016

Spyb, A Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects The Composition Of The Cell Wall In Streptococcus Pyogenes, Rebecca J. Edgar, Jing Chen, Sashi Kant, Elena Rechkina, Jeffrey S. Rush, Lennart S. Forsberg, Bernhard Jaehrig, Parastoo Azadi, Veronika Tchesnokova, Evgeni V. Sokurenko, Haining Zhu, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Vijay Pancholi, Natalia Korotkova

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. In this study, we addressed the function of SpyB in GAS. Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the …

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Inhibition Of Human Metapneumovirus Binding To Heparan Sulfate Blocks Infection In Human Lung Cells And Airway Tissues, Edita M. Klimyte, Stacy E. Smith, Pasqua Oreste, David Lembo, Rebecca Ellis Dutch Oct 2016

Inhibition Of Human Metapneumovirus Binding To Heparan Sulfate Blocks Infection In Human Lung Cells And Airway Tissues, Edita M. Klimyte, Stacy E. Smith, Pasqua Oreste, David Lembo, Rebecca Ellis Dutch

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a recently discovered paramyxovirus, infects nearly 100% of the world population and causes severe respiratory disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. We previously showed that HMPV binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and that HMPV binding requires only the viral fusion (F) protein. To characterize the features of this interaction critical for HMPV binding and the role of this interaction in infection in relevant models, we utilized sulfated polysaccharides, heparan sulfate mimetics, and occluding compounds. Iota-carrageenan demonstrated potent anti-HMPV activity by inhibiting binding to lung cells mediated by the F protein. Furthermore, analysis of a minilibrary …

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Identification Of Diverse Mycoviruses Through Metatranscriptomics Characterization Of The Viromes Of Five Major Fungal Plant Pathogens, Shin-Yi Lee Marzano, Berlin D. Nelson, Olutoyosi Ajayi-Oyetunde, Carl A. Bradley, Teresa J. Hughes, Glen L. Hartman, Darin M. Eastburn, Leslie L. Domier Aug 2016

Identification Of Diverse Mycoviruses Through Metatranscriptomics Characterization Of The Viromes Of Five Major Fungal Plant Pathogens, Shin-Yi Lee Marzano, Berlin D. Nelson, Olutoyosi Ajayi-Oyetunde, Carl A. Bradley, Teresa J. Hughes, Glen L. Hartman, Darin M. Eastburn, Leslie L. Domier

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Mycoviruses can have a marked effect on natural fungal communities and influence plant health and productivity. However, a comprehensive picture of mycoviral diversity is still lacking. To characterize the viromes of five widely dispersed plant-pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum truncatum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Diaporthe longicolla, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a high-throughput sequencing-based metatranscriptomic approach was used to detect viral sequences. Total RNA and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from mycelia and RNA from samples enriched for virus particles were sequenced. Sequence data were assembled de novo, and contigs with predicted amino acid sequence similarities to viruses in the …

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Regulation Of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase Activity In The Model Rhizosphere-Dwelling Bacterium Pseudomonas Putida Kt2440, Ran An, Luke Moe Aug 2016

Regulation Of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase Activity In The Model Rhizosphere-Dwelling Bacterium Pseudomonas Putida Kt2440, Ran An, Luke Moe

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Soil-dwelling microbes solubilize mineral phosphates by secreting gluconic acid, which is produced from glucose by a periplasmic glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) that requires pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a redox coenzyme. While GDH-dependent phosphate solubilization has been observed in numerous bacteria, little is known concerning the mechanism by which this process is regulated. Here we use the model rhizosphere-dwelling bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to explore GDH activity and PQQ synthesis, as well as gene expression of the GDH-encoding gene (gcd) and PQQ biosynthesis genes (pqq operon) while under different growth conditions. We also use reverse transcription-PCR to identify transcripts …

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A Pan-Dengue Virus Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal Pcr Assay Intended For Point-Of-Need Diagnosis Of Dengue Virus Infection By Use Of The Pockit Nucleic Acid Analyzer, Yun Young Go, R. P. V. Jayanthe Rajapakse, Senanayake A. M. Kularatne, Pei-Yu Alison Lee, Keun Bon Ku, Sangwoo Nam, Pin-Hsing Chou, Yun-Long Tsai, Yu-Lun Liu, Hsiao-Fen Grace Chang, Hwa-Tang Thomas Wang, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya Jun 2016

A Pan-Dengue Virus Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal Pcr Assay Intended For Point-Of-Need Diagnosis Of Dengue Virus Infection By Use Of The Pockit Nucleic Acid Analyzer, Yun Young Go, R. P. V. Jayanthe Rajapakse, Senanayake A. M. Kularatne, Pei-Yu Alison Lee, Keun Bon Ku, Sangwoo Nam, Pin-Hsing Chou, Yun-Long Tsai, Yu-Lun Liu, Hsiao-Fen Grace Chang, Hwa-Tang Thomas Wang, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is considered a major public health problem in developing tropical countries where the virus is endemic and continues to cause major disease outbreaks every year. Here, we describe the development of a novel, inexpensive, and user-friendly diagnostic assay based on a reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) method for the detection of all four serotypes of DENV in clinical samples. The diagnostic performance of the newly established pan-DENV RT-iiPCR assay targeting a conserved 3′ untranslated region of the viral genome was evaluated. The limit of detection with a 95% confidence was estimated to be 10 copies of …

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Equine Arteritis Virus Uses Equine Cxcl16 As An Entry Receptor, Sanjay Sarkar, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Yun Young Go, Frank Cook, Sergey Artiushin, Shankar Mondal, Kelsi Anderson, John E. Eberth, Peter J. Timoney, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Ernest F. Bailey, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya Apr 2016

Equine Arteritis Virus Uses Equine Cxcl16 As An Entry Receptor, Sanjay Sarkar, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Yun Young Go, Frank Cook, Sergey Artiushin, Shankar Mondal, Kelsi Anderson, John E. Eberth, Peter J. Timoney, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Ernest F. Bailey, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Previous studies in our laboratory have identified equine CXCL16 (EqCXCL16) to be a candidate molecule and possible cell entry receptor for equine arteritis virus (EAV). In horses, the CXCL16 gene is located on equine chromosome 11 (ECA11) and encodes a glycosylated, type I transmembrane protein with 247 amino acids. Stable transfection of HEK-293T cells with plasmid DNA carrying EqCXCL16 (HEK-EqCXCL16 cells) increased the proportion of the cell population permissive to EAV infection from < 3% to almost 100%. The increase in permissiveness was blocked either by transfection of HEK-EqCXCL16 cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against EqCXCL16 or by pretreatment with guinea pig polyclonal antibody against EqCXCL16 protein (Gp anti-EqCXCL16 pAb). Furthermore, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA) in combination with far-Western blotting, gradient-purified EAV particles were shown to bind directly to the EqCXCL16 protein in vitro. The binding of biotinylated virulent EAV strain Bucyrus at 4°C was significantly higher in HEK-EqCXCL16 cells than nontransfected HEK-293T cells. Finally, the results demonstrated …

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Role Of Viral Rna And Co-Opted Cellular Escrt-I And Escrt-Iii Factors In Formation Of Tombusvirus Spherules Harboring The Tombusvirus Replicase, Nikolay Kovalev, Isabel Fernández De Castro Martín, Judit Pogany, Daniel Barajas, Kunj Bihari Pathak, Cristina Risco, Peter D. Nagy Apr 2016

Role Of Viral Rna And Co-Opted Cellular Escrt-I And Escrt-Iii Factors In Formation Of Tombusvirus Spherules Harboring The Tombusvirus Replicase, Nikolay Kovalev, Isabel Fernández De Castro Martín, Judit Pogany, Daniel Barajas, Kunj Bihari Pathak, Cristina Risco, Peter D. Nagy

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce membrane deformations in infected cells in order to build viral replication complexes (VRCs). Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) co-opts cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) proteins to induce the formation of vesicle (spherule)-like structures in the peroxisomal membrane with tight openings toward the cytosol. In this study, using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) vps23Δ bro1Δ double-deletion mutant, we showed that the Vps23p ESCRT-I protein (Tsg101 in mammals) and Bro1p (ALIX) ESCRT-associated protein, both of which bind to the viral p33 replication protein, play partially complementary roles in TBSV replication in cells …

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Biological Nanomotors With A Revolution, Linear, Or Rotation Motion Mechanism, Peixuan Guo, Hiroyuki Noji, Christopher M. Yengo, Zhengyi Zhao, Ian Grainge Mar 2016

Biological Nanomotors With A Revolution, Linear, Or Rotation Motion Mechanism, Peixuan Guo, Hiroyuki Noji, Christopher M. Yengo, Zhengyi Zhao, Ian Grainge

Nanobiotechnology Center Faculty Publications

The ubiquitous biological nanomotors were classified into two categories in the past: linear and rotation motors. In 2013, a third type of biomotor, revolution without rotation (http://rnanano.osu.edu/movie.html), was discovered and found to be widespread among bacteria, eukaryotic viruses, and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages. This review focuses on recent findings about various aspects of motors, including chirality, stoichiometry, channel size, entropy, conformational change, and energy usage rate, in a variety of well-studied motors, including FoF1 ATPase, helicases, viral dsDNA-packaging motors, bacterial chromosome translocases, myosin, kinesin, and dynein. In particular, dsDNA translocases are used to illustrate how …

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Understanding The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Rsv1 Mediated Resistance To Smv In Soybean, Mohammed Ali Ahmed Eid Jan 2016

Understanding The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Rsv1 Mediated Resistance To Smv In Soybean, Mohammed Ali Ahmed Eid

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Like humans, viral diseases also affect plants. Of these, viruses belonging to the potyvirus genus are the most prolific. The potyvirus soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is an important pathogen of the crop plant soybean. SMV causes mosaic symptoms (yellow areas alternate with dark green areas on the leaves of the plant) and can affect yield by reducing seed quality. Few cultivars from soybean can resist different SMV strains. To understand soybean defense mechanisms to SMV, I identified soybean proteins that interact with the helper component protease (HC-Pro) of SMV, which also functions as the suppressor of host RNA silencing and …

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Effect Of Maternal Diet On Select Fecal Bacteria In Mares And Their Foals, Morgan Brewer Pyles Jan 2016

Effect Of Maternal Diet On Select Fecal Bacteria In Mares And Their Foals, Morgan Brewer Pyles

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The process of microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of foals and the factors influencing this process are not well understood. The objectives were to determine the effect of starch source in pelleted concentrates in the maternal diet on select fecal bacterial groups in mares and their foals and to evaluate changes in these bacterial groups over time. Thoroughbred foals (n=19) were from dams fed one of two concentrates: an oat-based (OB) or corn and wheat middling-based (CWB) pelleted concentrate. Fecal samples were collected from mares at 324 d of gestation, pre-foaling, 1 d, 14 d, and 28 d after …

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Molecular And Biochemical Signaling Underlying Arabidopsis-Bacterial/Virus/Fungal Interactions, Mohamed H. El-Shetehy Jan 2016

Molecular And Biochemical Signaling Underlying Arabidopsis-Bacterial/Virus/Fungal Interactions, Mohamed H. El-Shetehy

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of inducible defense response triggered upon localized infection that confers broad-spectrum disease resistance against secondary infections. Several factors are known to regulate SAR and these include phenolic phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), phosphorylated sugar glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), and dicarboxylic acid azelaic acid (AzA). This study evaluated a role for free radicals nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SAR. Normal accumulation of both NO and ROS was required for normal SAR and mutations preventing NO/ROS accumulation and/or biosynthesis compromised SAR. A role for NO and ROS was further established using pharmacological approaches. Notably, …

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Endosymbiotic Bacteria In The Bed Bug, Cimex Lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Mark H. Goodman Jan 2016

Endosymbiotic Bacteria In The Bed Bug, Cimex Lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Mark H. Goodman

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

The return of bed bugs to prominence as an urban pest has precipitated an emphatic research response from the scientific community in an effort to better understand their biology and management. However, not all aspects of bed bug biology have received equal attention. The role of symbiotic bacteria in the normal function and biology of insects is often underappreciated, and this is true of bed bugs. Bed bugs have two main endosymbiotic bacteria, a Wolbachia species and a poorly-characterized gamma-proteobacterium referred to as BLS. However, their interactions with the host are poorly understood. I explored various aspects of these symbionts …

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