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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 1476

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Biological Characterization Of Rev Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Michael Belshan, Matthew E. Harris, Anne E. Shoemaker, Thomas J. Hope, Susan Carpenter May 1998

Biological Characterization Of Rev Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Michael Belshan, Matthew E. Harris, Anne E. Shoemaker, Thomas J. Hope, Susan Carpenter

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sequence analysis identified significant variation in the second exon of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) rev. Functional analysis indicated that limited amino acid variation in Rev significantly altered the export activity of the protein but did not affect Rev-dependent alternative splicing. EIAV Rev can mediate export through two independent cis -acting Rev-responsive elements (RREs), and differences among Rev variants were more pronounced when both RREs were present. Variation in Rev may be an important mechanism for regulation of virus replication in vivo and may contribute to changes in clinical disease.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sheryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman Apr 1998

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sheryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain macrophages and microglia is a critical component of viral neuropathogenesis. However, how virus-macrophage interactions lead to neurological disease remains incompletely understood. Possibly, a differential ability of virus to replicate in brain tissue macrophages versus macrophages in other tissues underlies HIV-1 neurovirulence. To these ends, we established systems for the isolation and propagation of pure populations of human microglia and then analyzed the viral life cycles of divergent HIV-1 strains in these cells and in cultured monocytes by using identical viral inocula and indicator systems. The HIV-1 isolates included those …

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Role Of The Β-Chemokine Receptors Ccr3 And Ccr5 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Of Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Meng Qi Xia, Bradley T. Hyman, Yuri Persidsky, Adeline Nukuna, Paul Bock, Myhanh Che, Janae Limoges, Howard Gendelman, Charles R. Mackay Apr 1998

Role Of The Β-Chemokine Receptors Ccr3 And Ccr5 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Of Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Meng Qi Xia, Bradley T. Hyman, Yuri Persidsky, Adeline Nukuna, Paul Bock, Myhanh Che, Janae Limoges, Howard Gendelman, Charles R. Mackay

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells (monocytes, macrophages, and microglia) is a critical component in the pathogenesis of viral infection. Viral replication in macrophages serves as a reservoir, a site of dissemination, and an instigator for neurological sequelae during HIV-1 disease. Recent studies demonstrated that chemokine receptors are necessary coreceptors for HIV-1 entry which determine viral tropism for different cell types. To investigate the relative contribution of the β -chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 to viral infection of mononuclear phagocytes we utilized a panel of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (from blood and brain tissue) to …

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Localization Of Human Cytomegalovirus Structural Proteins To The Nuclear Matrix Of Infected Human Fibroblasts, V. Sanchez, Peter C. Angeletti, J. A. Engler, W. J. Britt Apr 1998

Localization Of Human Cytomegalovirus Structural Proteins To The Nuclear Matrix Of Infected Human Fibroblasts, V. Sanchez, Peter C. Angeletti, J. A. Engler, W. J. Britt

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The intranuclear assembly of herpesvirus subviral particles remains an incompletely understood process. Previous studies have described the nuclear localization of capsid and tegument proteins as well as intranuclear tegumentation of capsid-like particles. The temporally and spatially regulated replication of viral DNA suggests that assembly may also be regulated by compartmentalization of structural proteins. We have investigated the intranuclear location of several structural and nonstructural proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Tegument components including pp65 (ppUL83) and ppUL69 and capsid components including the major capsid protein (pUL86) and the small capsid protein (pUL48/49) were retained within the nuclear matrix (NM), whereas the …

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Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Binds To The Cad Enzyme At Active Sites Of Viral Dna Replication On The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler Apr 1998

Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Binds To The Cad Enzyme At Active Sites Of Viral Dna Replication On The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) replicative complexes form at discrete sites on the nuclear matrix (NM) via an interaction mediated by the precursor of the terminal protein (pTP). The identities of cellular proteins involved in these complexes have remained obscure. We present evidence that pTP binds to a multifunctional pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme found at replication domains on the NM. Far-Western blotting identified proteins of 150 and 240 kDa that had pTP binding activity. Amino acid sequencing of the 150-kDa band revealed sequence identity to carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) and a high degree of homology to the related trifunctional enzyme known as …

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sherryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman Apr 1998

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sherryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain macrophages and microglia is a critical component of viral neuropathogenesis. However, how virus-macrophage interactions lead to neurological disease remains incompletely understood. Possibly, a differential ability of virus to replicate in brain tissue macrophages versus macrophages in other tissues underlies HIV-1 neurovirulence. To these ends, we established systems for the isolation and propagation of pure populations of human microglia and then analyzed the viral life cycles of divergent HIV-1 strains in these cells and in cultured monocytes by using identical viral inocula and indicator systems. The HIV-1 isolates included those …

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Human Herpesvirus 8 As A Potential Sexually Transmitted Agent In Honduras, C. Sosa, W. Klaskala, B. Chandran, R. Soto, L. Sieczkowski, M. H. Wu, M. Baum, Charles Wood Jan 1998

Human Herpesvirus 8 As A Potential Sexually Transmitted Agent In Honduras, C. Sosa, W. Klaskala, B. Chandran, R. Soto, L. Sieczkowski, M. H. Wu, M. Baum, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was studied in 326 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive and –negative persons from Honduras; women constituted 77% (n = 251) of the subjects. Sera were tested for lytic HHV-8 antibodies by an IFA, and positive samples were confirmed by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Of the 326 persons tested, 58 (17.8%) had HHV- 8 antibodies. Among the HIV-infected women, 22.7% were seropositive; 11.3% of the HIV-negative women were seropositive. HHV-8 seroprevalence was almost four times higher in HIV-positive female commercial sex workers (36%) than in HIV-negative female non–commercial sex workers (9.9%; odds ratio = 3.8, 95% …

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Seroprevalence Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Among Zambian Women Of Childbearing Age Without Kaposi’S Sarcoma (Ks) And Mother-Child Pairs With Ks, Jun He, Ganapati Bhat, Chipepo Kankasa, Chifumbe Chintu, Charles Mitchell, Wenjing Duan, Charles Wood Jan 1998

Seroprevalence Of Human Herpesvirus 8 Among Zambian Women Of Childbearing Age Without Kaposi’S Sarcoma (Ks) And Mother-Child Pairs With Ks, Jun He, Ganapati Bhat, Chipepo Kankasa, Chifumbe Chintu, Charles Mitchell, Wenjing Duan, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) among a group of Zambian women of reproductive age and among mother-child pairs in which either one of them has Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) was determined. A cross-sectional group of 378 pregnant women was randomly recruited into the study, and 183 (48.4%) had HHV-8 antibodies. Among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1–infected women, 51.1% were HHV-8–seropositive, whereas of HIV- 1–negative women, 47.3% were HHV-8–seropositive. In addition, 21 women index patients with KS and 5 young children index patients with KS were studied. All children with KS had mothers who were HHV-8–seropositive, while not all children …

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Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replicates In Testicular Germ Cells, Alters Spermatogenesis, And Induces Germ Cell Death By Apoptosis, Jung-Hyang Sur, Alan R. Doster, James S. Christian, Judith A. Galeota, Robert W. Wills, Jeff J. Zimmerman, Fernando A. Osorio Dec 1997

Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replicates In Testicular Germ Cells, Alters Spermatogenesis, And Induces Germ Cell Death By Apoptosis, Jung-Hyang Sur, Alan R. Doster, James S. Christian, Judith A. Galeota, Robert W. Wills, Jeff J. Zimmerman, Fernando A. Osorio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Like other arteriviruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is shed in semen, a feature that is critical for the venereal transmission of this group of viruses. In spite of its epidemiological importance, little is known of the association of PRRSV or other arteriviruses with gonadal tissues. We experimentally infected a group of boars with PRRSV 12068-96, a virulent field strain. By combined use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we detected infection by PRRSV in the testes of these boars. The PRRSV testicular replication in testis centers on two types of cells: (i) epithelial germ cells of the …

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Direct Demonstration Of Retroviral Recombination In A Rhesus Monkey, Dawn P. Wooley, Randall A. Smith, Susan Czajak, Ronald C. Desrosiers Dec 1997

Direct Demonstration Of Retroviral Recombination In A Rhesus Monkey, Dawn P. Wooley, Randall A. Smith, Susan Czajak, Ronald C. Desrosiers

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

Recombination may be an important mechanism for increasing variation in retroviral populations. Retroviral recombination has been demonstrated in tissue culture systems by artificially creating doubly infected cells. Evidence for retroviral recombination in vivo is indirect and is based principally on the identification of apparently mosaic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences. We infected a rhesus monkey with two different molecularly cloned strains of simian immunodeficiency virus. One strain of virus had a deletion in vpx and vpr, and the other strain had a deletion in nef. Each strain on its own induced low virus …

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Irf-7, A New Interferon Regulatory Factor Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano Oct 1997

Irf-7, A New Interferon Regulatory Factor Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Latency, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI Q promoter (Qp) is the only promoter used for the transcription of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) mRNA in cells in the most restricted (type I) latent infection state. However, Qp is inactive in type III latency. With the use of the yeast one-hybrid system, a new cellular gene has been identified that encodes proteins which bind to sequence in Qp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene has significant homology to the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). This new gene and products including two splicing variants are designated IRF-7A, IRF-7B, and IRF-7C. The …

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Identification Of A Novel Antiapoptotic Functional Domain In Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen., Suzanne D. Conzen, Christine A. Snay, Charles N. Cole Jun 1997

Identification Of A Novel Antiapoptotic Functional Domain In Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen., Suzanne D. Conzen, Christine A. Snay, Charles N. Cole

Dartmouth Scholarship

The ability of DNA tumor virus proteins to trigger apoptosis in mammalian cells is well established. For example, transgenic expression of a simian virus 40 (SV40) T-antigen N-terminal fragment (N-termTag) is known to induce apoptosis in choroid plexus epithelial cells. SV40 T-antigen-induced apoptosis has generally been considered to be a p53-dependent event because cell death in the brain is greatly diminished in a p53-/- background strain and is abrogated by expression of wild-type (p53-binding) SV40 T antigen. We now show that while N-termTags triggered apoptosis in rat embryo fibroblasts cultured in low serum, expression of full-length T antigens unable to …

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Transcriptional Patterns Of The Pcd41 (U27) Locus Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood May 1997

Transcriptional Patterns Of The Pcd41 (U27) Locus Of Human Herpesvirus 6, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic herpesvirus, and in vitro, it can productively infect many of the same cell types that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects. Simultaneous infection of T cells by HIV and HHV-6 can lead to both activation of the HIV promoter and acceleration of the cytopathic effects. Several HHV-6 genes have been demonstrated to activate HIV promoter expression. Among them is a cDNA clone, pCD41 (U27), which codes for the HHV-6 DNA polymerase accessory protein. We have now further characterized the transcription pattern in the pCD41 locus and identified at least six RNA species, ranging in …

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Immune Suppression In Calves With Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus, Shucheng Zhang, Charles Wood, Wenzhi Xue, Samuel Krukenberg, Qimin Chen, Harish Minocha Mar 1997

Immune Suppression In Calves With Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus, Shucheng Zhang, Charles Wood, Wenzhi Xue, Samuel Krukenberg, Qimin Chen, Harish Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection on immune functions and possible interactions between BIV and other bovine viruses in calves. Ten calves were inoculated intravenously with BIV, and five served as controls. An increased lymphocyte proliferation to BIV gag protein was demonstrated 2 to 6 weeks after BIV inoculation (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte subset differentiation revealed a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio (P < 0.05) during weeks 2 to 7, suggesting a possible immune dysfunction in BIV-infected calves. When the calves were inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), the antibody response to BHV-1 in BIV-infected calves was delayed and the antibody titers were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Injection of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine also elicited a lower neutralizing antibody response in BIV-infected calves. The results indicated that immune suppression occurred in BIV-infected calves.

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Encapsidation Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Is Defined By A Specific Packaging Signal And Rna Size, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris Feb 1997

Encapsidation Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Is Defined By A Specific Packaging Signal And Rna Size, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

A protoplast infection assay has been used to reliably examine the viral RNA encapsidation of turnip crinkle virus (TCV). Analysis of the encapsidation of various mutant viral RNAs revealed that a 186-nucleotide (nt) region at the 3’ end of the coat protein (CP) gene, with a bulged hairpin loop of 28 nt as its most essential element, was indispensable for TCV RNA encapsidation. When RNA fragments containing the 186-nt region were used to replace the CP gene of a different virus, tomato bushy stunt virus, the resulting chimeric viral RNAs were encapsidated into TCV virions. Furthermore, analysis of the encapsidated …

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Detection Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies In Cattle By Western Blot Assay With Recombinant Gag Protein, Shucheng Zhang, Wenzhi Xue, Charles Wood, Qi-Min Chen, Sanjay Capil, Harish Minocha Jan 1997

Detection Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies In Cattle By Western Blot Assay With Recombinant Gag Protein, Shucheng Zhang, Wenzhi Xue, Charles Wood, Qi-Min Chen, Sanjay Capil, Harish Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

A western blot assay using purified recombinant bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein has been developed for detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus antibodies in bovine serum samples. The test was standardized with known bovine immunodeficiency virus positive and negative bovine serum samples and the monoclonal antibody to gag protein. Both naturally and experimentally infected cattle sera demonstrated positive test results. The result of western blot assay was compared with polymerase chain reaction test results in 134 blood samples collected from Kansas. Twenty-six samples tested positive for bovine immunodeficiency virus DNA with polymerase chain reaction (18.7%) and 25 were positive for the …

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Altered Pathogenesis Of A Mutant Of The Murine Coronavirus Mhv-A59 Is Associated With A Q159l Amino Acid Substitution In The Spike Protein, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Susan T. Hingley, Ming Chua, Xinhe Jiang, Ehud Lavi, Susan R. Weiss Jan 1997

Altered Pathogenesis Of A Mutant Of The Murine Coronavirus Mhv-A59 Is Associated With A Q159l Amino Acid Substitution In The Spike Protein, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Susan T. Hingley, Ming Chua, Xinhe Jiang, Ehud Lavi, Susan R. Weiss

PCOM Scholarly Works

C12, an attenuated, fusion delayed, very weakly hepatotropic mutant of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) has been further characterized. We have previously shown that C12 has two amino acid substitutions relative to wild type virus in the spike protein, Q159L (within a region of S1 shown to bind to viral receptor in an in vitro assay) and H716D (in the proteolytic cleavage recognition site). We have sequenced the rest of the 31-kb genome of C12 and compared it to wild type virus. Only three additional amino acids substitutions were found, all encoded within the replicase gene. Analysis of C12 …

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Testability Properties Of Divergent Trees, Ronald D. Blanton, John P. Hayes Jan 1997

Testability Properties Of Divergent Trees, Ronald D. Blanton, John P. Hayes

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The testability of a class of regular circuits called divergent trees is investigated under a functional fault model. Divergent trees include such practical circuits as decoders and demultiplexers. We prove that uncontrolled divergent trees are testable with a fixed number of test patterns (C-testable) if and only if the module function is surjective. Testable controlled trees are also surjective but require sensitizing vectors for error propagation. We derive the conditions for testing controlled divergent trees with a test set whose size is proportional to the number of levels p found in the tree (L-testability). By viewing a tree as overlapping …

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About The Cellular Tropism Of The Gammaherpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4, Fernando A. Osorio, J. A. Galeota-Wheeler, D. E. Reed, O. Lopez Dec 1996

About The Cellular Tropism Of The Gammaherpesvirus Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4, Fernando A. Osorio, J. A. Galeota-Wheeler, D. E. Reed, O. Lopez

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We read with interest the recent report by Egyed et al. (4) about the distribution in tissue, in the natural host, of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4), a member of the gammaherpesvirus group. Using PCR, those authors were able to trace BHV-4 (Movar strain) in several tissues of experimentally infected cattle (mostly spleen, lung, trachea, and nasal epithelium tissues) at different times, ranging from 3 to 48 days postinfection. The authors also report consistent detection of BHV-4 DNA in what they consider to be a pure population of lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of the BHV-4- infected cattle, and then …

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Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Dna Sequences In Cell-Free Plasma And Mononuclear Cells Of Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients, William J. Harrington, Omar Bagasra, Carlos E. Sosa, Lisa E. Bobroski, Marianna Baum, Xue Lan Wen, Lisa Cabral, Gerald E. Byrne, Roger J. Pomerantz, Charles Wood Nov 1996

Human Herpesvirus Type 8 Dna Sequences In Cell-Free Plasma And Mononuclear Cells Of Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients, William J. Harrington, Omar Bagasra, Carlos E. Sosa, Lisa E. Bobroski, Marianna Baum, Xue Lan Wen, Lisa Cabral, Gerald E. Byrne, Roger J. Pomerantz, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human herpesvirus (HHV) type 8 bas been detected in both classical and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, body-cavity lymphomas, and other types of tumors. HHV-8 has also been detected in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of some Kaposi's sarcoma patients and more readily in B cell fractions derived from panned cell subpopulations. Two patients were followed using several methods: in situ hybridization, solution-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in situ PCR. HHV-8 was intermittently detected in plasma and detection correlated with detection in PBMC. In situ PCR demonstrated HHV-8 sequences in both peripheral blood B lymphocytes and, to a lesser …

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Genetic And Phylogenetic Divergence Of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus In The Puma (Puma Concolor), Margaret A. Carpenter, Eric W. Brown, Melanie Culver, Warren E. Johnson, Jill Pecon-Slattery, Dulce Brousset, Stephen J. O'Brien Oct 1996

Genetic And Phylogenetic Divergence Of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus In The Puma (Puma Concolor), Margaret A. Carpenter, Eric W. Brown, Melanie Culver, Warren E. Johnson, Jill Pecon-Slattery, Dulce Brousset, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus which causes an AIDS-like disease in domestic cats (Felis catus). A number of other felid species, including the puma (Puma concolor), carry a virus closely related to domestic cat FIV. Serological testing revealed the presence of antibodies to FIV in 22% of 434 samples from throughout the geographic range of the puma. FIV-Pco pol gene sequences isolated from pumas revealed extensive sequence diversity, greater than has been documented in the domestic cat. The puma sequences formed two highly divergent groups, analogous to the clades which have been defined for …

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In Vivo Detection Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Rna By In Situ Hybridization At Different Times Post-Infection, Jung-Hyang Sur, Vicki Cooper, Judith A. Galeota, Richard A. Hesse, Alan R. Doster, Fernando A. Osorio Sep 1996

In Vivo Detection Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Rna By In Situ Hybridization At Different Times Post-Infection, Jung-Hyang Sur, Vicki Cooper, Judith A. Galeota, Richard A. Hesse, Alan R. Doster, Fernando A. Osorio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We studied the distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA in tissues by in situ hybridization at different times postinfection (p.i.). The probe used for in situ hybridization was prepared by reverse transcription of PRRSV RNA, followed by PCR amplification of the cDNA. The sequence amplified corresponded to 433 bp from PRRSV open reading frame 7, which is contained in the nucleocapsid protein gene and which is highly conserved in both European and American strains (H. Mardassi, L. Wilson, S. Mounir, and S. Dea, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2197–2203, 1994). An immunohistochemical technique was used to detect PRRSV …

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Activation Of The Human Thymidine Kinase (Tk) Promoter By Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Requires Both The T Antigen Prb Family-Binding Domain And Tk Promoter Sequences Resembling E2f-Binding Sites., Michelle M. Anderson, Jun Chen, Charles N. Cole, Susan E. Conrad Sep 1996

Activation Of The Human Thymidine Kinase (Tk) Promoter By Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Requires Both The T Antigen Prb Family-Binding Domain And Tk Promoter Sequences Resembling E2f-Binding Sites., Michelle M. Anderson, Jun Chen, Charles N. Cole, Susan E. Conrad

Dartmouth Scholarship

Infection of quiescent cells with the DNA tumor virus simian virus 40 induces expression of the cellular thymidine kinase (TK) gene a minimum of 10- to 20-fold, and this induction depends upon the viral protein large T antigen (T-Ag). To define both human TK promoter elements and T-Ag functional domains required for transcriptional induction, we have established a system in which stable Rat-1 transfectants harboring TK promoter-luciferase hybrid genes are infected with recombinant adenoviruses expressing either wild-type or mutant forms of T-Ag and luciferase expression is measured as an indicator of promoter activity. The results show that (i) a 135-bp …

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Vif-Negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Persistently Replicates In Primary Macrophages, Producing Attenuated Progeny Virus, Iqbal Chowdhury, Wei Chao, Mary Jane Potash, Pavel Sova, Howard Gendelman, David J. Volsky Aug 1996

Vif-Negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Persistently Replicates In Primary Macrophages, Producing Attenuated Progeny Virus, Iqbal Chowdhury, Wei Chao, Mary Jane Potash, Pavel Sova, Howard Gendelman, David J. Volsky

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The vif gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is required for efficient infection of primary T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated in detail the role of vif in productive infection of primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Viruses carrying missense or deletion mutations in vif were constructed on the background of the monocytotropic recombinant NLHXADA-GP. Using MDM from multiple donors, we found that vif mutants produced in complementing or partially complementing cell lines were approximately 10% as infectious as wild-type virus when assayed for incomplete, complete, and circularized viral DNA molecules by quantitative PCR amplification or for viral core …

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Molecular Studies On Biv Infection And Its Interaction With Other Bovine Viruses, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha, Yunqi Geng Jun 1996

Molecular Studies On Biv Infection And Its Interaction With Other Bovine Viruses, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha, Yunqi Geng

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is a bovine lentivirus that infects animals world-wide. The authors have cloned the BIV env and gag proteins and several sub-unit peptides spanning the entire coding regions of the two proteins as fusions to the bacterial trpE protein and expressed them in Escherichia coli (Spindler et al. 1984). These recombinant proteins can readily be expressed but the expression levels of these peptides varied. When these proteins were tested against a panel of bovine sera, only sera from BIV-infected animals reacted specifically. One major antigenic determinant was identified in the cartoxyl terminus of the p26 gag protein …

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Longitudinal Studies Of Viral Sequence, Viral Phenotype, And Immunologic Parameters Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection In Perinatally Infected Twins With Discordant Disease Courses, Cecelia Hutto, Yi Zhou, Jun He, Rebeca Geffin, Martin Hill, Walter Scott, Charles Wood Jun 1996

Longitudinal Studies Of Viral Sequence, Viral Phenotype, And Immunologic Parameters Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection In Perinatally Infected Twins With Discordant Disease Courses, Cecelia Hutto, Yi Zhou, Jun He, Rebeca Geffin, Martin Hill, Walter Scott, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections cause a broad spectrum of clinical disease and are variable in both the age of the patient at onset of serious disease and the progression of the clinical course. Heterozygotic perinatally infected twins with a marked difference in their clinical courses were monitored during the first 2 years of life. Twin B, the second-born twin, developed AIDS by 6 months of age and died at 22 months of age, while twin A remained minimally symptomatic through the first 2 years. Sequential blood specimens were obtained from the twins in order to characterize …

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Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Release Of An Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Complex From The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler May 1996

Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Release Of An Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Complex From The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) replicative complexes form at discrete sites on the nuclear matrix (NM) through the interaction of Ad preterminal protein (pTP). The NM is a highly salt-resistant fibrillar network which is known to anchor transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA replication complexes. Incubation of rATP with NM to which pTP was bound caused the release of pTP as a pTP-NM complex with a size of 220 to 230 kDa; incubation with 5’ adenylylimidodiphosphate (rAMP-PNP) showed no significant release, indicating that rATP hydrolysis was required. With NM extracts, it was shown that a pTP-NM complex which was capable of binding Ad origin …

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Antibody To The Ligand For Cd40 (Gp39) Inhibits Murine Aids-Associated Splenomegaly, Hypergammaglobulinemia, And Immunodeficiency In Disease-Susceptible C57bl/6 Mice., Kathy A. Green, Karen M. Crassi, Jon D. Laman, Arjan Schoneveld, Rendall R. Strawbridge, Teresa M. Foy, Randolph J. Noelle, William R. Green Apr 1996

Antibody To The Ligand For Cd40 (Gp39) Inhibits Murine Aids-Associated Splenomegaly, Hypergammaglobulinemia, And Immunodeficiency In Disease-Susceptible C57bl/6 Mice., Kathy A. Green, Karen M. Crassi, Jon D. Laman, Arjan Schoneveld, Rendall R. Strawbridge, Teresa M. Foy, Randolph J. Noelle, William R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

Infection of genetically susceptible C57BL/6 mice with the LP-BM5 isolate of murine retroviruses cause profound splenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia, lymphadenopathy, and an immunodeficiency syndrome which includes the development of terminal B-cell lymphomas. Because many of these and the other manifestations of LP-BM5 virus-induced disease are similar to those seen in AIDS, this syndrome has been named murine AIDS, or MAIDS. Previous reports have shown that the onset of MAIDS depends on the presence of both CD41 T cells and B cells and have suggested that CD41 T-cell-B-cell interactions are important to disease pathogenesis. Here, we assessed the possibility that interactions between CD40 …

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Infection Of Primary Human Fetal Astrocytes By Human Herpesvirus 6, Jun He, Micheline Mccarthy, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood Feb 1996

Infection Of Primary Human Fetal Astrocytes By Human Herpesvirus 6, Jun He, Micheline Mccarthy, Yi Zhou, Bala Chandran, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic betaherpesvirus which productively infects human CD4+ T cells and monocytes. HHV-6 is the etiologic agent for exanthem subitum (roseola), and it is well-known that central nervous system complications occur frequently during the course of HHV-6-associated disease. In addition, HHV-6 has been associated with encephalitis or encephalopathy. However, very little is known about its tropism for neural cells. There are reports that HHV-6 may infect some glial cell lines, but whether it can infect any primary neural cells is not known. Our studies show that both HHV-6A (GS) and HHV-6B (Z-29) can infect …

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Herpesvirus-Like Dna In Aids Kaposi’S Sarcoma In Argentina [Letter To The Editor], Carlos E. Sosa, Jorge A. Benetucci, Laura M. Sieczkowski, Anibal Vazquez, Xue-Lan Wen, Marianna Baum, Winslow Klaskala, William J. Harrington Jr., Charles Wood Jan 1996

Herpesvirus-Like Dna In Aids Kaposi’S Sarcoma In Argentina [Letter To The Editor], Carlos E. Sosa, Jorge A. Benetucci, Laura M. Sieczkowski, Anibal Vazquez, Xue-Lan Wen, Marianna Baum, Winslow Klaskala, William J. Harrington Jr., Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

First paragraph: Recently, Chang et al., using a new molecular biology technique termed Representational Difference Analysis, found herpesvirus-like DNA (KSHV) in AIDS patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). The presence of KSHV DNA sequences suggests that a new human herpesvirus may be associated with KS. The 5′ end of the 1853-bp flanking region of KSHV (nucleotides 1 to 607) was found to have 66 and 67% homologies to the corresponding regions of the major capsid protein gene of Herpesvirus Saimiri (ORF25) and Epstein Barr virus (BcLF1), respectively, both members of the gammaherpesvirus family. This finding is an important breakthrough, because a …

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