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Articles 1291 - 1320 of 1476

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Identification Of Novel Domains Within Sox-2 And Sox-11 Involved In Autoinhibition Of Dna Binding And Partnership Specificity, Matthew S. Wiebe, Tamara K. Nowling, Angie Rizzino Jan 2003

Identification Of Novel Domains Within Sox-2 And Sox-11 Involved In Autoinhibition Of Dna Binding And Partnership Specificity, Matthew S. Wiebe, Tamara K. Nowling, Angie Rizzino

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sox transcription factors play key regulatory roles throughout development, binding DNA through a consensus (A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G sequence. Although many different Sox proteins bind to this se-quence, it has been observed that gene regulatory elements are commonly responsive to only a small subset of the entire family, implying that regulatory mechanisms exist to permit selective DNA bind-ing and/or transactivation by Sox family members. To identify and explore the mechanisms modu-lating gene activation by Sox proteins further, we compared the function of Sox-2 and Sox-11. This led to the discovery that Sox proteins are regulated differentially at multiple levels, including trans-activation, protein partnerships …

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Duration Of Infection And Proportion Of Pigs Persistently Infected With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Robert W. Wills, Alan R. Doster, Judith A. Galeota, Jung-Hyang Sur, Fernando A. Osorio Jan 2003

Duration Of Infection And Proportion Of Pigs Persistently Infected With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Robert W. Wills, Alan R. Doster, Judith A. Galeota, Jung-Hyang Sur, Fernando A. Osorio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Understanding the dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) persistence in individual pigs is essential to the development of successful control programs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the proportion of inoculated pigs that become persistently infected with PRRSV and the duration of their infection. Additionally, different diagnostic techniques that detect persistent infections were compared. Twenty-eight 35-day-old pigs were inoculated with PRRSV. Serum and tonsil biopsy samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 and then approximately monthly thereafter until day 251 post-inoculation (p.i.). Tonsil, lymph node, and lung samples were collected following euthanasia …

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The Coat Protein Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Suppresses Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing At An Early Initiation Step, Feng Qu, Tao Ren, Thomas Jack Morris Jan 2003

The Coat Protein Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Suppresses Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing At An Early Initiation Step, Feng Qu, Tao Ren, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), or RNA silencing, is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process that targets foreign RNA, including viral and transposon RNA for destruction. Several RNA plant viruses have been shown to encode suppressors of PTGS in order to survive this host defense. We report here that the coat protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) strongly suppresses PTGS. The Agrobacterium infiltration system was used to demonstrate that TCV CP suppressed the local PTGS as strongly as several previously reported virus-coded suppressors and that the action of TCV CP eliminated the small interfering RNAs associated with PTGS. We have also …

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The Cd154/Cd40 Interaction Required For Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency Syndrome Is Not Mediated By Upregulation Of The Cd80/Cd86 Costimulatory Molecules, Kathy A. Green, W. James Cook, Arlene H. Sharpe, William R. Green Nov 2002

The Cd154/Cd40 Interaction Required For Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency Syndrome Is Not Mediated By Upregulation Of The Cd80/Cd86 Costimulatory Molecules, Kathy A. Green, W. James Cook, Arlene H. Sharpe, William R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

C57BL/6 (B6) mice infected with LP-BM5 retroviruses develop disease, including an immunodeficiency similar to AIDS. This disease, murine AIDS (MAIDS), is inhibited by in vivo anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody treatment. The similar levels of insusceptibility of CD40−/− and CD154−/− B6 mice indicate that CD154/CD40 molecular interactions are required for MAIDS. CD4+ T and B cells, respectively, provide the CD154 and CD40 expression needed for MAIDS induction. Here, the required CD154/CD40 interaction is shown to be independent of CD80 and CD86 expression: CD80/CD86−/− B6 mice develop MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection.

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The Structure And Evolution Of The Major Capsid Protein Of A Large, Lipid-Containing Dna Virus, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, Alan Simpson, James Gurnon, Xiadong Yan, Timothy Baker, Michael V. Graves, James L. Van Etten, Michael Rossman Nov 2002

The Structure And Evolution Of The Major Capsid Protein Of A Large, Lipid-Containing Dna Virus, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, Alan Simpson, James Gurnon, Xiadong Yan, Timothy Baker, Michael V. Graves, James L. Van Etten, Michael Rossman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus type 1 (PBCV-1) is a very large, icosahedral virus containing an internal membrane enclosed within a glycoprotein coat consisting of pseudohexagonal arrays of trimeric capsomers. Each capsomer is composed of three molecules of the major capsid protein, Vp54, the 2.0-Å resolution structure of which is reported here. Four N-linked and two O-linked glycosylation sites were identified. The N-linked sites are associated with nonstandard amino acid motifs as a result of glycosylation by virus-encoded enzymes. Each monomer of the trimeric structure consists of two eight-stranded, antiparallel β-barrel, “jelly-roll” domains related by a pseudo-sixfold rotation. The fold of …

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Unique Epitope Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Protein Spans The Cleavage Site Between P16Ma And P2l, Ming Lu, Ling Zheng, Kathy Mitchell, Sanjay Kapil, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha Nov 2002

Unique Epitope Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Protein Spans The Cleavage Site Between P16Ma And P2l, Ming Lu, Ling Zheng, Kathy Mitchell, Sanjay Kapil, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are closely related bovine lentiviruses that are difficult to distinguish by presently available diagnostic methods. Recently, in our laboratory, a monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb 10H1) against the BIV Gag protein identified a differential epitope, located at the 6.4-kDa N terminus of a 29-kDa Gag capsid protein, which was absent in JDV. To define the essential amino acids of the epitope, a series of primers within the 163 bp of DNA corresponding to the 6.4-kDa protein were designed. The full-length 163-bp DNA fragment and the smaller DNA fragments with deletions were amplified …

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Human Exposure To Herpesvirus B–Seropositive Macaques, Bali, Indonesia, Gregory A. Engel, Lisa Jones-Engel, Michael A. Schillaci, Komang Gde Suaryana, Artha Putra, Agustin Fuentes, Richard Henkel Aug 2002

Human Exposure To Herpesvirus B–Seropositive Macaques, Bali, Indonesia, Gregory A. Engel, Lisa Jones-Engel, Michael A. Schillaci, Komang Gde Suaryana, Artha Putra, Agustin Fuentes, Richard Henkel

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Herpesvirus B (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) has been implicated as the cause of approximately 40 cases of meningoencephalitis affecting persons in direct or indirect contact with laboratory macaques. However, the threat of herpesvirus B in nonlaboratory settings worldwide remains to be addressed. We investigated the potential for exposure to herpesvirus B in workers at a “monkey forest” (a temple that has become a tourist attraction because of its monkeys) in Bali, Indonesia. In July 2000, 105 workers at the Sangeh Monkey Forest in Central Bali were surveyed about contact with macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Nearly half of those interviewed had …

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Retrograde Transport Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Within Descending Motor Tracts, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen Jun 2002

Retrograde Transport Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Within Descending Motor Tracts, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The spread of the abnormal conformation of the prion protein, PrPSc, within the spinal cord is central to the pathogenesis of transmissible prion diseases, but the mechanism of transport has not been determined. For this report, the route of transport of the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), a prion disease of mink, in the central nervous system following unilateral inoculation into the sciatic nerves of Syrian hamsters was investigated. PrPSc was detected at 3 weeks postinfection in the lumbar spinal cord and ascended to the brain at a rate of approximately 3.3 mm per day. …

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Ornithine Decarboxylase Encoded By Chlorella Virus Pbcv-1, Tiara A. Morehead, James R. Gurnon, Byron Adams, Kenneth Nickerson, Lisa A. Fitzgerald, James L. Van Etten May 2002

Ornithine Decarboxylase Encoded By Chlorella Virus Pbcv-1, Tiara A. Morehead, James R. Gurnon, Byron Adams, Kenneth Nickerson, Lisa A. Fitzgerald, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sequence analysis of the 330-kb genome of chlorella virus PBCV-1 revealed an open reading frame, A207R, which encodes a protein with 37–41% amino acid identity to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from many eukaryotic organisms. The a207r gene was cloned and the protein was expressed as a His-A207R fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein catalyzes pyridoxal 5’-phosphate-dependent decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine, the first step in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway The enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.0 and a temperature optimum of 42°C, and it requires dithiothreitol for maximal activity. The enzyme has a Km, for ornithine of …

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Identification Of Neutralizing And Nonneutralizing Epitopes In The Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Gp5 Ectodomain, M. Ostrowski, J. A. Galeota, A. M. Jar, K. B. Platt, Fernando A. Osorio, O. J. Lopez May 2002

Identification Of Neutralizing And Nonneutralizing Epitopes In The Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Gp5 Ectodomain, M. Ostrowski, J. A. Galeota, A. M. Jar, K. B. Platt, Fernando A. Osorio, O. J. Lopez

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

After infection of swine with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), there is a rapid rise of PRRSV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies (NNA), while neutralizing antibodies (NA) are detectable not sooner than 3 weeks later. To characterize neutralizing epitopes, we selected phages from a 12-mer phage display library using anti-PRRSV neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) ISU25-C1. In addition, phages carrying peptides recognized by swine antibodies with high seroneutralizing titer were isolated after subtracting from the library those clones binding to swine anti-PRRSV serum with no neutralizing activity. Two epitopes located in the ectodomain of PRRSV GP5 were identified. One of these epitopes, …

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Hla-Cw*04 And Hepatitis C Virus Persistence, Chloe L. Thio, Xiaojiang Gao, James J. Goedert, David Vlahov, Kenrad E. Nelson, Margaret Hilgartner, Stephen J. O'Brien, Peter Karacki, Jacquie Astemborski, Mary Carrington, David L. Thomas May 2002

Hla-Cw*04 And Hepatitis C Virus Persistence, Chloe L. Thio, Xiaojiang Gao, James J. Goedert, David Vlahov, Kenrad E. Nelson, Margaret Hilgartner, Stephen J. O'Brien, Peter Karacki, Jacquie Astemborski, Mary Carrington, David L. Thomas

Biology Faculty Articles

In studies of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the early host immune response is one of the determinants of viral persistence. The class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which present foreign antigen to cytolytic T cells, are integral components of this response. We hypothesized that the highly polymorphic HLA genes affect the outcome of an HCV infection. To test this hypothesis, we molecularly typed 231 persons with well-documented clearance of an HCV infection and 444 matched persistently infected persons. HLA-A*1101 (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.27 to 0.89), HLA-B*57 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39 to …

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Susceptibility Of Sensory Neurons To Apoptosis Following Infection By Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1, Gustavo A. Delhon, Marcelo J. Gonzalez, Pablo R. Murcia Apr 2002

Susceptibility Of Sensory Neurons To Apoptosis Following Infection By Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1, Gustavo A. Delhon, Marcelo J. Gonzalez, Pablo R. Murcia

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Like other members of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) establishes latent infections in sensory neurons. BHV-1 induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells in vivo and in epithelial cell lines, but the ability of BHV- 1 to induce apoptosis in sensory neurons remains unknown. In this report, the susceptibility of rabbit ganglionic neurons to infection by BHV-1 was examined in vitro and in vivo. Following infection of cultured neurons with BHV-1, hallmarks of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and membrane blebbing were detected. The appearance of these changes was preceded by active viral DNA …

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Stable Replication Of Papillomavirus Genomes In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Peter C. Angeletti, Kitai Kim, Fiona J. Fernandes, Paul F. Lambert Apr 2002

Stable Replication Of Papillomavirus Genomes In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Peter C. Angeletti, Kitai Kim, Fiona J. Fernandes, Paul F. Lambert

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Papillomaviruses normally replicate in stratified squamous epithelial tissues of their mammalian hosts, in which the viral genome is found as a nuclear plasmid. Two viral proteins, E1, a helicase, and E2, a transcriptional activator and plasmid maintenance factor, are known to contribute to the episomal replication of the viral genome. Recently, our laboratory discovered that papillomaviruses can also replicate in an E1-independent manner in mammalian cells (K. Kim and P. F. Lambert, Virology, in press; K. Kim and P. F. Lambert, submitted for publication). In this study, we describe experiments investigating the capacity of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) …

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Construction And Characterization Of A Chimeric Virus (Biv/Hiv-1) Carrying The Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag-Pol Gene: Research Letters, Guomin Chen, Shuhui Wang, Kun Xiong, Jinzhong Wang, Tao Ye, Wenping Dong, Qi Wang, Qimin Chen, Yunqi Geng, Charles Wood, Yi Zeng Jan 2002

Construction And Characterization Of A Chimeric Virus (Biv/Hiv-1) Carrying The Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag-Pol Gene: Research Letters, Guomin Chen, Shuhui Wang, Kun Xiong, Jinzhong Wang, Tao Ye, Wenping Dong, Qi Wang, Qimin Chen, Yunqi Geng, Charles Wood, Yi Zeng

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

HIV-1HXB2 5′LTR region, most of BIVR29 gag-pol segment and HIV-1HXB2 pol IN-3′LTR region were respectively amplified. A chimeric clone, designated as pHBIV3753, was constructed by cloning three fragments sequentially into pUC18. MT4 cells were transfected with pHBIV3753. The replication and expressions of the chimeric virus (HBIV3753) were monitored by RT activity and IFA. The results firstly demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new type of the BIV/HIV-1 chimeric virus containing BIV gag-pol gene.

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Characterization Of Cd4-Induced Epitopes On The Hiv Type 1 Gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein Recognized By Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies, Shi-Hua Xiang, Najah Doka, Rabeéa K. Choudhary, Joseph Sodroski, James E. Robinson Jan 2002

Characterization Of Cd4-Induced Epitopes On The Hiv Type 1 Gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein Recognized By Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies, Shi-Hua Xiang, Najah Doka, Rabeéa K. Choudhary, Joseph Sodroski, James E. Robinson

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) into target cells typically requires the sequential binding of the viral exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to CD4 and a chemokine receptor. CD4 binding exposes gp120 epitopes recognized by CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies, which can block virus binding to the chemokine receptor. We identified three new CD4i antibodies from an HIV-1-infected individual and localized their epitopes. These epitopes include a highly conserved gp120 β-strand encompassing residues 419–424, which is also important for binding to the CCR5 chemokine receptor. All of the CD4i antibodies inhibited the binding of gp120–CD4 complexes to CCR5. CD4i antibodies and …

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The Genome Of Swinepox Virus, C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, Fernando A. Osorio, C. Balinsky, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock Jan 2002

The Genome Of Swinepox Virus, C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, Fernando A. Osorio, C. Balinsky, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Swinepox virus (SWPV), the sole member of the Suipoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of a worldwide disease specific for swine. Here we report the genomic sequence of SWPV. The 146-kbp SWPV genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 3.7-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 150 putative genes. Comparison of SWPV with chordopoxviruses reveals 146 conserved genes encoding proteins involved in basic replicative functions, viral virulence, host range, and immune evasion. Notably, these include genes with similarity to genes for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) receptor, IFN resistance protein, interleukin-18 binding protein, IFN-α/β binding protein, …

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Mutagenic Stabilization And/Or Disruption Of A Cd4-Bound State Reveals Distinct Conformations Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein, Shi-Hua Xiang, Peter D. Kwong, Rishi Gupta, Carlo D. Rizzuto, David J. Casper, Richard Wyatt, Liping Wang, Wayne A. Hendrickson, Michael L. Doyle, Joseph Sodroski Jan 2002

Mutagenic Stabilization And/Or Disruption Of A Cd4-Bound State Reveals Distinct Conformations Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein, Shi-Hua Xiang, Peter D. Kwong, Rishi Gupta, Carlo D. Rizzuto, David J. Casper, Richard Wyatt, Liping Wang, Wayne A. Hendrickson, Michael L. Doyle, Joseph Sodroski

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein is conformationally flexible. Upon binding to the host cell receptor CD4, gp120 assumes a conformation that is recognized by the second receptor, CCR5 and/or CXCR4, and by the CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies. Guided by the X-ray crystal structure of a gp120-CD4-CD4i antibody complex, we introduced changes into gp120 that were designed to stabilize or disrupt this conformation. One mutant, 375 S/W, in which the tryptophan indole group is predicted to occupy the Phe 43 cavity in the gp120 interior, apparently favors a gp120 conformation closer to that of the CD4-bound …

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (Hiv-1) Tat Induces Nitric-Oxide Synthase In Human Astroglia, Xiaojuan Liu, Malabendu Jana, Subhajit Dasgupta, Sreenivas Koka, Jun He, Charles Wood, Kalipada Pahan Jan 2002

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (Hiv-1) Tat Induces Nitric-Oxide Synthase In Human Astroglia, Xiaojuan Liu, Malabendu Jana, Subhajit Dasgupta, Sreenivas Koka, Jun He, Charles Wood, Kalipada Pahan

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is known to cause neuronal injury and dementia in a significant proportion of patients. However, the mechanism by which HIV-1 mediates its deleterious effects in the brain is poorly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the HIV-1 tat gene on the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U373MG astroglial cells and primary astroglia. Expression of the tat gene as RSV- tat but not that of the CAT gene as RSV-CAT in U373MG astroglial cells led to the induction of NO production and the expression of iNOS …

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Gemfibrozil, A Lipid-Lowering Drug, Inhibits The Induction Of Nitric-Oxide Synthase In Human Astrocytes, Kalipada Pahan, Malabendu Jana, Xiaojuan Liu, Bradley S. Taylor, Charles Wood, Susan M. Fischer Jan 2002

Gemfibrozil, A Lipid-Lowering Drug, Inhibits The Induction Of Nitric-Oxide Synthase In Human Astrocytes, Kalipada Pahan, Malabendu Jana, Xiaojuan Liu, Bradley S. Taylor, Charles Wood, Susan M. Fischer

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug, inhibited cytokine- induced production of NO and the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U373MG astroglial cells and primary astrocytes. Similar to gemfibrozil, clofibrate, another fibrate drug, also inhibited the expression of iNOS. Inhibition of human iNOS promoter-driven luciferase activity by gemfibrozil in cytokine-stimulated U373MG astroglial cells suggests that this compound inhibits the transcription of iNOS. Since gemfibrozil is known to activate peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), we investigated the role of PPAR- α in gemfibrozil-mediated inhibition of iNOS. Gemfibrozil induced peroxisome proliferator-responsive element (PPRE)-dependent luciferase activity, which was inhibited by the expression of …

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Efficient Infection Of Nicotiana Benthamiana By Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Is Facilitated By The Coat Protein And Maintained By P19 Through Suppression Of Gene Silencing, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris Jan 2002

Efficient Infection Of Nicotiana Benthamiana By Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Is Facilitated By The Coat Protein And Maintained By P19 Through Suppression Of Gene Silencing, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is one of few RNA plant viruses capable of moving systemically in some hosts in the absence of coat protein (CP). TBSV also encodes another protein (p19) that is not required for systemic movement but functions as a symptom determinant in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, the role of both CP and p19 in the systemic spread has been reevaluated by utilizing transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the movement protein (MP) of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus and chimeric TBSV mutants that express CP of Turnip crinkle virus. Through careful examination of the infection phenotype …

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Phylogenetic And Phenotypic Analysis Of Hiv Type 1 Env Gp120 In Cases Of Subtype C Mother-To-Child Transmission, Hong Zhang, Guillermo Ortí, Qiujiang Du, Jun He, Chipepo Kankasa, Ganapati Bhat, Charles Wood Jan 2002

Phylogenetic And Phenotypic Analysis Of Hiv Type 1 Env Gp120 In Cases Of Subtype C Mother-To-Child Transmission, Hong Zhang, Guillermo Ortí, Qiujiang Du, Jun He, Chipepo Kankasa, Ganapati Bhat, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C constitutes a majority of the newly transmitted cases of HIV-1 in many developing countries. There is growing evidence suggesting that subtype C viruses may display characteristics that make them distinct from subtype B and other subtypes, and such differences may affect its transmission and pathogenesis in infected individuals. In this study, HIV-1 sequences from the C2–V4 region of the envelope gene were analyzed from four infected mother–infant pairs (MIPs) after perinatal transmission in Zambia. We found that all viral isolates from four Zambian MIPs were of the subtype C HIV-1 subgroup. All …

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Small Glutamine-Rich Protein/Viral Protein U–Binding Protein Is A Novel Cochaperone That Affects Heat Shock Protein 70 Activity, Peter C. Angeletti, Doriann Walker, Antonito T. Panganiban Jan 2002

Small Glutamine-Rich Protein/Viral Protein U–Binding Protein Is A Novel Cochaperone That Affects Heat Shock Protein 70 Activity, Peter C. Angeletti, Doriann Walker, Antonito T. Panganiban

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Molecular chaperone complexes containing heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and Hsp90 are regulated by cochaperones, including a subclass of regulators, such as Hsp70 interacting protein (Hip), C-terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein (CHIP), and Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing factor (Hop), that contain tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs), where Hsp70 refers to Hsp70 and its nearly identical constitutive counterpart, Hsc70, together. These proteins interact with the Hsp70 to regulate adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and folding activities or to generate the chaperone complex. Here we provide evidence that small glutamine-rich protein/viral protein U–binding protein (SGT/UBP) is a cochaperone that negatively regulates Hsp70. By “Far-Western” and pull-down assays, SGT/UBP …

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Cellular Tropisms And Co-Receptor Usage Of Hiv-1 Isolates From Vertically Infected Children With Neurological Abnormalities And Rapid Disease Progression, Micheline Mccarthy, Jun He, Denise Auger, Rebeca Geffin, Cecilia Hutto, Charles Wood, Gwendolyn Scott Jan 2002

Cellular Tropisms And Co-Receptor Usage Of Hiv-1 Isolates From Vertically Infected Children With Neurological Abnormalities And Rapid Disease Progression, Micheline Mccarthy, Jun He, Denise Auger, Rebeca Geffin, Cecilia Hutto, Charles Wood, Gwendolyn Scott

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The longitudinal evolution of HIV-1 phenotypes was studied in a cohort of six vertically infected children with early onset and rapid progression of clinical disease. Among 30 viral isolates obtained from peripheral blood, tropisms for both human blood-derived cells (macrophages, T-lymphocytes), and for human neural (brain-derived) cells (microglia, astrocytes) were determined, as was chemokine co-receptor usage. All children harbored from birth macrophage-tropic isolates using the CCR5 co-receptor. Two children later developed T-cell tropic isolates with CXCR4 and CCR3 usage. While all six patients developed neurological abnormalities, only three produced neural cell tropic isolates, which used CCR5. However, early and persistent …

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Intracellular Signaling Molecules Activated By Epstein-Barr Virus For Induction Of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7, Luwen Zhang, Lihong Wu, Ke Hong, Joseph S. Pagano Dec 2001

Intracellular Signaling Molecules Activated By Epstein-Barr Virus For Induction Of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7, Luwen Zhang, Lihong Wu, Ke Hong, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is the principal oncogenic protein in the EBV transformation process. LMP-1 induces the expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) and activates IRF-7 protein by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. LMP-1 is an integral membrane protein with two regions in its C terminus that initiate signaling processes, the C-terminal activator regions 1 (CTAR-1) and CTAR-2. Here, genetic analysis of LMP-1 has determined that the PXQXT motif that governs the interaction between LMP-1 CTAR-1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) is needed to induce the expression of IRF-7. Mutations in the PXQXT motif …

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Interferon Regulatory Factor 7: A Key Cellular Mediator Of Lmp-1 In Ebv Latency And Transformation, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano Dec 2001

Interferon Regulatory Factor 7: A Key Cellular Mediator Of Lmp-1 In Ebv Latency And Transformation, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) was cloned within the biological context of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency, and has an intimate relation with EBV. EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) regulates IRF-7 both by inducing the expression of IRF-7 and by activating IRF-7 protein through phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in a post-translational manner. The activated IRF-7 then functions to regulate both EBV and cellular target genes involved in latency, transformation and immune regulation. IRF-7 appears to be a key cellular latency protein involved in both the pathogenesis and persistence of EBV infection.

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Identification Of A Cellular Protein That Interacts And Synergizes With The Rta (Orf50) Protein Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus In Transcriptional Activation, Shizhen Wang, Shuhong Liu, Ming-Hoi Wu, Yunqi Geng, Charles Wood Dec 2001

Identification Of A Cellular Protein That Interacts And Synergizes With The Rta (Orf50) Protein Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus In Transcriptional Activation, Shizhen Wang, Shuhong Liu, Ming-Hoi Wu, Yunqi Geng, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Lytic reactivation of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8, from latency requires transcriptional transactivation by the viral protein RTA encoded by the ORF50 gene. Very little is known about how RTA functions and the cellular factors that may be involved in its transactivation function. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified a human cellular protein that can interact with KSHV RTA. The cellular protein, referred to as the human hypothetical protein MGC2663 by GenBank, is encoded by human chromosome 19. This protein is 554 amino acids (aa) in size and displays sequence similarity with members of the …

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Mononuclear Phagocyte Differentiation, Activation, And Viral Infection Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Anuja Ghorpade, Raisa Persidskaia, Radhika Suryadevara, Myhanh Che, Xiao Juan Liu, Yuri Persidsky, Howard Gendelman Jul 2001

Mononuclear Phagocyte Differentiation, Activation, And Viral Infection Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Anuja Ghorpade, Raisa Persidskaia, Radhika Suryadevara, Myhanh Che, Xiao Juan Liu, Yuri Persidsky, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) is mediated mainly by mononuclear phagocyte (MP) secretory products and their interactions with neural cells. Viral infection and MP immune activation may affect leukocyte entry into the brain. One factor that influences central nervous system (CNS) monocyte migration is matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the CNS, MMPs are synthesized by resident glial cells and affect the integrity of the neuropil extracellular matrix (ECM). To ascertain how MMPs influence HAD pathogenesis, we studied their secretion following MP differentiation, viral infection, and cellular activation. HIV-1-infected and/or immune-activated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and human …

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Interactions Among Murine Cytomegalovirus Us22 Family Gene Products That Influence Viral Pathogenesis, Zaruhi Karabekian Jul 2001

Interactions Among Murine Cytomegalovirus Us22 Family Gene Products That Influence Viral Pathogenesis, Zaruhi Karabekian

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a complex, ubiquitous herpesvirus that is characterized by acute, chronic, and latent infections. Monocytes-macrophages are the key target cell type involved in pathogenesis, which is most effectively studied using the murine model of CMV infection. Previously three murine CMV (MCMV) genes (M139, M140, and M141) were identified to regulate viral expression in cultured macrophages and in mice. These genes are members of the US22 gene family with respect to HCMV homology. There is no function assigned to the proteins encoded by these genes. However, deletion of M139, M140, and M141 significantly curtails growth of MCMV in macrophages …

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Regulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Β-Chemokine Production, And Ccr5 Expression In Cd40l-Stimulated Macrophages: Immune Control Of Viral Entry, Robin L. Cutter, Jialin Zheng, Myhanh Che, Douglas Niemann, Ying Liu, Johnny He, Elaine Thomas, Howard Gendelman May 2001

Regulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Β-Chemokine Production, And Ccr5 Expression In Cd40l-Stimulated Macrophages: Immune Control Of Viral Entry, Robin L. Cutter, Jialin Zheng, Myhanh Che, Douglas Niemann, Ying Liu, Johnny He, Elaine Thomas, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) and T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Regulation of such immune responses can be mediated, in part, through the interaction of the T-lymphocyte-expressed molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L) with its receptor on MP, CD40. Upregulation of CD40L on CD4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells during advanced HIV-1 disease has previously been reported. Based on this observation, we studied the influence of CD40L-CD40 interactions on MP effector function and viral regulation in vitro. We monitored productive viral infection, cytokine and β -chemokine production, and β-chemokine receptor …

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Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Oral Immunogens When Coadministered With Escherichia Coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Mutant R192g Or Cpg Dna, S. Gerber, C. Lane, Deborah M. Brown, E. Lord, M. Dilorenzo, J. D. Clements, E. Rybicki, A.-L. Williamson, R. C. Rose May 2001

Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Oral Immunogens When Coadministered With Escherichia Coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Mutant R192g Or Cpg Dna, S. Gerber, C. Lane, Deborah M. Brown, E. Lord, M. Dilorenzo, J. D. Clements, E. Rybicki, A.-L. Williamson, R. C. Rose

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cervical cancer, which remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. HPV recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates for controlling anogenital HPV disease and are now being evaluated as a parenteral vaccine modality in human subjects. Vaccines formulated for injection generally are more costly, more difficult to administer, and less acceptable to recipients than are mucosally administered vaccines. Since oral delivery represents an attractive alternative to parenteral injection for large-scale human vaccination, the oral immunogenicity of HPV type 11 (HPV-11) VLPs in mice was previously investigated; it was found …

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