Microbiology Commons^™

Report Of Significant Findings--Las Vegas Bay/Boulder Basin Investigations, James F. Labounty, Michael Horn, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Field sampling was carried out between 0830 and 1500 beginning at the confluence of Las Vegas Wash and the Inner Las Vegas Bay. Ten (10) locations were sampled, each in a similar manner. Locations of sampling stations are in line from the Wash-Bay confluence to a point midway between Saddle and Black Islands. In addition, sampling was done at a location midway between Sentinel Island and the base of Fortification Hill, and at the buoy line in front of Hoover Dam. Sampling stations are labeled from LV01, at Wash-Bay confluence, to LV17 at Hoover Dam. A significant data collection point …

So You Want To Be A Soil Microbiologist?, Mark S. Coyne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Book Gallery

A tongue-in-cheek look at soil microbiology.

Cascading Disturbances In Florida Bay, Usa: Cyanobacteria Blooms, Sponge Mortality, And Implications For Juvenile Spiny Lobsters Panulirus Argus, Mark J. Butler Iv, John H. Hunt, William F. Herrnkind, Michael J. Childress, Rodney Bertelsen, William Sharp, Thomas Matthews, Jennifer M. Field, Harold G. Marshall

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Florida Bay, the shallow lagoon separating mainland Florida and the Florida Keys, USA, is experiencing an unprecedented series of ecological disturbances. In 1991, following reports of other ecosystem perturbations, we observed widespread and persistent blooms of cyanobacteria that coincided with the decimation of sponge communities over hundreds of square kilometers. Juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus, among other animals, rely on sponges for shelter; the impact of sponge loss on the abundance of lobsters and their use of shelter, in particular, has been dramatic. The loss of sponges on 27 experimental sites in hard bottom habitat in central Florida Bay …

Nitrous Oxide Loss From Poultry Manure-Amended Soil After Rain, Mark S. Coyne, A. Villalba, Robert L. Blevins

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Land application of poultry wastes in Kentucky will increase as the broiler industry grows. If poultry manure stimulates N₂O loss from soil it will reduce the fertilizer N value of this waste. In contrast, stimulated N₂O loss in grass filter strips receiving the runoff from manured fields could help reduce contamination of surface water by NO⁻₃. Our objectives were to determine (i) if poultry manure stimulated N₂O loss in soil after rainfall and (ii) if there was an edge-of-field effect on N₂O loss in grass filters intercepting runoff from …

Fecal Bacteria In Agricultural Waters Of The Bluegrass Region Of Kentucky, J. M. Howell, Mark S. Coyne, P. L. Cornelius

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Agricultural runoff influenced by nonpoint pollution frequently exceeds the USEPA standards for bacterial contamination of primary contact water (200 fecal coliforms/100 mL). Few studies have evaluated the effect of cattle (Bos taurus) grazing on fecal contamination of ground water in the karst topography of central Kentucky. Our objectives were to: (i) observe the extent and pattern of fecal bacteria in agricultural waters from two central Kentucky watersheds; (ii) determine if monthly sampling accurately assessed the extent and variability of fecal contamination; and (iii) assess the fecal coliform/fecal streptococci ratio (FC/FS) as an indicator of fecal bacteria source. Springs, …

Phylogenetic Diversity Of The Bacterial Community From A Microbial Mat At An Active, Hydrothermal Vent System, Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, Craig L. Moyer, Fred C. Dobbs, David M. Karl

OES Faculty Publications

The phylogenetic diversity of small-subunit rRNA genes associated,vith the domain Bacteria was examined (by using previously defined operational taxonomic units [C. L. Moyer, F. C. Dobbs, and D. M. Karl, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:871-879, 1994]; those for Pele's Vents Bacteria are hereafter abbreviated PVB OTUs) with samples from a microbial mat at an active, deep-sea hydrothermal vent system. A cluster of phylogenetically related PVB OTUs (OTUs 2, 3, 6, and 8) was closely affiliated with Thiovulum sp. contained within the epsilon subclass of the class Proteobacteria and accounted for 60.5% of the small-subunit rRNA bacterial clone library from Pele's Vents. …

The Surveillance And Control Of Foodborne Diseases, Donal J. Daly

Theses

There is great variation in the extent of surveillance of foodbome disease throughout the world. Some countries contribute important epidemiological and microbiological data to the WHO Surveillance Programme for Foodbome Diseases in Europe. While the UK is a major contributor to this programme, data from Eire has been non-existent. Trends in the incidence of foodbome disease in the UK may have particular relevance to Eire given the similarity of culture. Microbiological and epidemiological data in relation to foodbome pathogens, foods most frequently incriminated in outbreaks, places where outbreaks occur, together witli the main contributory factors are discussed. The broader area …

A Survey Of Source And Finished Water Supplies For Giardia Cysts And Cryptosporidium, Lisa Martin Sexton

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Lisa Martin Sexton on December 1, 1994.

Nitrous Oxide Flux From Poultry-Manured Erosion Plots And Grass Filters After Simulated Rain, Mark S. Coyne, R. A. Gilfillen, Robert L. Blevins

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Adding carbon-rich materials to fields, like manure, may enhance denitrification. Grass filters, which are used to trap surface runoff from these fields, may also provide a carbon-rich environment that favors water infiltration and denitrification. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) may be evolved these settings. It is a radiatively important trace gas and intermediate in the denitrification pathway and several other microbial processes. We measured N₂O flux, after simulated rain, using a soil cover technique in poultry-manured plots and grass filters receiving their runoff. Intact soil cores were used to relate the N₂O flux to the denitrification …

Estimation Of Diversity And Community Structure Through Restriction-Fragment-Length-Polymorphism Distribution Analysis Of Bacterial 16s Ribosomal-Rna Genes From A Microbial Mat At An Active, Hydrothermal Vent System, Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, Craig L. Moyer, Fred C. Dobbs, David M. Karl

OES Faculty Publications

PCR was used to amplify (eu)bacterial small-subunit (16S) rRNA genes from total-community genomic DNA. The source of total-community genomic DNA used for this culture-independent analysis was the microbial mats from a deep-sea, hydrothermal vent system, Pele's Vents, located at Loihi Seamount, Hawaii. Oligonucleotides complementary to conserved regions in the 16S rRNA-encoding DNA (rDNA) of bacteria were used to direct the synthesis of PCR products, which were then subcloned by blunt-end ligation into phagemid vector pBluescript II. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, created by using tandem tetrameric restriction endonucleases, revealed the presence of 12 groups of 16S rRNA genes representing discrete …

Frequency Of Mug Negative Escherichia Coli In Kentucky Groundwater Samples, Mark S. Coyne, J. C. Shuler

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

MUG negative Escherichia coli are a small fraction (2.5%) of the total E. coli in Kentucky groundwater samples. It is unlikely that they alone will cause a significant potential to underestimate fecal contamination using MUG as the primary criterion for that assessment. An unresolved question is how effectively MUG-based, defined-substrate tests address false negative water samples containing MUG positive E. coli.

A Comparison Of No And N20 Production By The Autophic Nitrifier Nitrosomonas Europaea And The Heterotrophic Nitrifier Alcaligenes Faecalis, Iris C. Anderson, Mark Poth, Julie Homstead, David J. Burdige

OES Faculty Publications

Soil microorganisms are important sources of the nitrogen trace gases NO and N₂O for the atmosphere. Present evidence suggests that autotrophic nitrifiers such as Nitrosomonas europaea are the primary producers of NO and N₂O in aerobic soils, whereas denitrifiers such as Pseudomonas spp. or Alcaligenes spp. are responsible for most of the NO and N₂O emissions from anaerobic soils. It has been shown that Alcaligenes faecalis, a bacterium common in both soil and water, is capable of concomitant heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification. This study was undertaken to determine whether heterotrophic nitrification might be …

A Modified Scheme For The Isolation And Enumeration Of Bacteria In Municipal Sewage Sludge, Kelly Ball

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Because of the potential health hazards associated with the use of sludge for agricultural purposes, Dudley et al (1980) published a scheme for the routine analysis of bacteria in municipal sewage sludge. In this study, the Dudley et al scheme (1980) was modified by updating some of the procedures. Aerobically digested sludge generated by the Bowling Green Wastewater Treatment Plant, Bowling Green, Kentucky, was analyzed using the modified scheme. Sludge samples were collected once every two months over a one-year period from October 1989 to August 1990.

Egg yolk-free tryptose sulfite cycloserine agar in conjunction with the revewrse CAMP test …

Electrostatic Effects On Airborne Asbestos Monitoring, Roxanne Francis

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The affects of electrostatic forces on the Membrane Filter Method (MFM) used for air-borne asbestos monitoring have been investigated for many years. Several studies have indicated that these forces interfere with the collection of asbestos fibers on the membrane filter, which results in an underestimated analysis of the airborne concentration. By varying the electroconductivity of the extension cowls on the filter cassettes, it was speculated that the significance of the electrostatic forces could be statistically analyzed. Four sets of filter cassettes with grounded conductive (GC) extension cowls, ungrounded conductive (UC) extension cowls, grounded nonconductive (GN) extension cowls, and ungrounded nonconductive …

Characterization Of The Aquatic Environment In Lake Mead Near The Proposed Spring Canyon Pumped-Storage Project, And Assessment Of Potential Aquatic Impacts, Charles R. Liston, Stephen J. Grabowski, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

A pumped storage system consists of an upper reservoir and lower reservoir separated by an elevation difference. During low demand energy periods such as nights and weekends water is pumped from the lower to the upper reservoir using available energy from conventional steam electric power plants. During high energy demand periods, such as mornings and afternoons of weekdays, upper reservoir water is allowed to drop back down through the same system of water conduits and turbines, generating electricity to conveniently meet abrupt electrical energy requirements. The same water turbines thus act both as pumps and as conventional hydroelectric turbines. Because …

Can We Guarantee The Safety Of Genetically Engineered Organisms In The Environment?, Kathleen H. Keeler, Frances E. Sharples

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Can we guarantee the safety of genetically engineered organisms in the environment? To anticipate my remarks, the answer to the title question is “No, we cannot guarantee the safety of genetically engineered organisms released into the environment.” Indeed, it is a tenet of the scientific method that nothing can be proved, only disproved. Thus, we can never show that a release will be safe. We could only show that it would be unsafe, if that were the case. However, if the question is posed differently, for example, can we safely release genetically engineered organisms into the environment?, the answer is …

Preservation Of Atp In Hypersaline Environments, Bruce J. Tuovila, Fred C. Dobbs, Paul A. Larock, B. Z. Siegel

OES Faculty Publications

High concentrations of particulate ATP were found in the anoxic brines of the Orca Basin and East Flower Garden, Gulf of Mexico. Other measurements indicative of growth and respiration suggested that the microbial community in the brines was inactive, but somehow the ATP associated with the cells persisted. Conceivably, when cells growing just above the interface sank into the brine, the increased osmotic stress could elicit an osmoregulatory response resulting in increased ATP. It was also possible that hydrolytic enzymes were inactivated, resulting in the preservation of ATP. Experiments in which a culture of marine bacteria was suspended in menstrua …

Microbial Degradation Of Oxalate In The Gastrointestinal Tracts Of Rats, Steven Daniel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Rates of oxalate degradation by mixed bacterial populations in cecal contents from wlld rats ranged from 2.5 to 20.6 µmol/g (dry weight) per h. The oxalate-degrading activity in cecal contents from three strains of laboratory rats (Long-Evans, Wistar, and Sprague-Dawley) from four commercial breeders was generally lower, ranging from 1.8 to 3.5 µmollg (dry weight) of cecal contents per h. This activity did not increase when diets were supplemented with oxalate. Wben Sprague-Pawley rats from a fifth commercial breeder were fed an oxalate diet, rates of oxalate degradation in cecal contents increased from 2.0 to 23.1 µmollg (dry weight) per …

Carbon Monoxide-Dependent Chemolithotrophic Growth Of Clostridium Thermoautotrophicum, M. Savage, Zhongren Wu, Steven Daniel, Leon Lundie, Harold Drake

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The acetogen Clostridium thermoautotrophicum was cultivated under CO-dependent chemolithotrophic conditions. CO-dependent growth profiles and energetics indicated that supplemental CO2 was fundamental to efficient growth at the expense of CO. Overall product stoichiometry approximated 6.5CO --> CH3CO2H + 3.5CO2 + 0.6 cell C + 0.5 unrecovered C. Initial CO/CO2 ratios of 2 to 4 yielded optimal doubling times and cell yields. Maximal YCO values approximated 2.5 g of cell dry weight per mol of CO consumed; Y H2 , was considerably lower than Y CO Cross-transfer growth experiments and protein profiles indicated differential expression of genes between CO and methanol cultures.

Carbon Monoxide-Dependent Chemolithotrophic Growth Of Clostridium Thermoautotrophicum, M. Dean Savage, Zhongren Wu, Steven L. Daniel, Leon L. Lundie Jr, Harold L. Drake

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The acetogen Clostridium thermoautotrophicum was cultivated under CO-dependent chemolithotrophic conditions. CO-dependent growth profiles and energetics indicated that supplemental CO2 was fundamental to efficient growth at the expense of CO. Overall product stoichiometry approximated 6.5CO --> CH3CO2H + 3.5CO2 + 0.6 cell C + 0.5 unrecovered C. Initial CO/CO2 ratios of 2 to 4 yielded optimal doubling times and cell yields. Maximal YCO values approximated 2.5 g of cell dry weight per mol of CO consumed; Y H2 , was considerably lower than Y CO Cross-transfer growth experiments and protein profiles indicated differential expression of genes between CO and methanol cultures.

Microbial Degradation Of Oxalate In The Gastrointestinal Tracts Of Rats, Steven L. Daniel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Rates of oxalate degradation by mixed bacterial populations in cecal contents from wlld rats ranged from 2.5 to 20.6 µmol/g (dry weight) per h. The oxalate-degrading activity in cecal contents from three strains of laboratory rats (Long-Evans, Wistar, and Sprague-Dawley) from four commercial breeders was generally lower, ranging from 1.8 to 3.5 µmollg (dry weight) of cecal contents per h. This activity did not increase when diets were supplemented with oxalate. Wben Sprague-Pawley rats from a fifth commercial breeder were fed an oxalate diet, rates of oxalate degradation in cecal contents increased from 2.0 to 23.1 µmollg (dry weight) per …

Estimation Of Food Limitation In Daphnia Pulex From Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, Thomas Mark Bartanen

Publications (WR)

In February, 1982 I began a year-long study to determine if growth and reproduction in Daphnia Pulex were limited by the amount of food available in Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. To determine this, I made monthly collections of Daphnia Pulex and natural lake seston from an already established station in Boulder Basin. I cultured the Daphnia Pulex under simulated field conditions in a flow-through feeding apparatus using four different food regimes; 1-natural lake seston filtered through 80 um mesh to remove other zooplankton, 2-lake seston (as above) with an enrichment of 10³ cells-ml^-1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardti, 3-lake …

Rhizoctonia Patch Of Cereals, G C. Macnish

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Rhizoctonia patch is now widespread within Western Australia, having been recorded on all cereals and on a wide variety of other crops and pasture plants. Although the disease-as its name implies - looks spectacular in the field, the overall reduction in crop yield is probably small. However, its increasing frequency is causing considerable concern as the disease appears to be associated with minimum or reduced tillage systems.

Las Vegas Wash Multispectral Scanner Survey, T. H. Mace, M. V. Olsen, Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas collected multispectral scanner imagery of Las Vegas Wash on October 1, 1982. A combined maximum likelihood classification and editing procedure was used to classify the multispectral scanner imagery into 12 categories of land cover. The classification identified four categories of marsh vegetation, one category of riparian, two categories of mixed scrub, and two desert categories. Turbid water and cultivated land formed an "other" category. Area tabulations were formed by georeferencing the classification to the Universal Transverse …

Prevalence Of Extreme Detergent Resistance Among The Enterobacteriaceae, Vance Kramer, Kenneth Nickerson, Nancy V. Hamlett, Caroline O'Hara

Kenneth Nickerson Papers

The detergent-resistance properties of 208 independent isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae have been examined. Of these bacterial strains, 200 were able to grow in the presence of ≥5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, including all members of the Klebsielleae tribe. This resistance does not appear to be plasmid encoded. It is proposed that detergent-resistant organisms he termed saponotolerant or saponophilic, by analogy with other microorganisms occupying harsh ecological niches. In contrast to their prevalent resistance to anionic detergents, not one of the 208 strains tested was found to grow in the presence of three different cationic detergents. This sensitivity to cationic detergents may …

The Isolation And Identification Of Legionella Species From Environmental Sites In Rowan County, Kentucky, Sabo E. Yakubu

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Sabo E. Yakubu on December 17, 1983.

Sunlight Induced Movement Of Planktonic Organisms And Their Relationships To Water Movements, John Calkins, Ed Colley, Jay Wallingford, Carol Hulsey, Kathy Lohr, Marc Bolling

KWRRI Research Reports

Previous studies have shown the planktonic organisms of various natural water bodies to be quite sensitive to the levels of solar ultraviolet radiation incident at the water surface in summer. It has been assumed that the majority of the phytoplankton are simply carried about in the mass of the water which they inhabit with little control of their position or sunlight exposure. Photosynthetic microorganisms must strike a delicate balance with regard to solar radiation; they must obtain enough visible light for adequate photosynthesis while avoiding an excessive exposure to the injurious solar UV-B radiation.

It is proposed that the circulation …

The Voluntary Water Quality Monitoring Program : 1982 Project Report, Barbara Welch, Judy Potvin, Mary Ellen Dennis

Maine Collection

The Voluntary Water Quality Monitoring Program : 1982 Project Report

by Barbara Welch, Judy Potvin & Mary Ellen Dennis

Division of Environmental Evaluation and Lake Studies, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine 1982.

Contents: Understanding Maine's Lakes and Ponds / Acknowledgement / Temperature / Dissolved Oxygen / Other Measures of Lake Water Quality / Nutrients / Algae and Chlorophyll a / Transparency / Morphometry / Sampling / Protection / Classification / Answers to Most Frequently Asked Questions / Glossary of Terms / Appendix A : Maximum, Minimum, and Mean Values / Appendix B : Phosphate Content of Common Cleansers …

Macroinvertebrates And Reservoir Discharge: Effects Of The Cave Run Lake On Tailwater Communities, Stephen James Jordan

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Stephen James Jordan on May 2, 1980.

A Limnological Study Of 43 Selected Maine Lakes, Derrill J. Cowing, Matthew Scott

Maine Collection

A Limnological Study of 43 Selected Maine Lakes

by Derrill J. Cowing and Matthew Scott

U.S. Geological Survey : Water-Resources Investigations 80-69

Prepared in cooperation with the Maine Department of Environmental Protection

U.S. Geological Survey, 26 Ganneston Drive, August, Maine 04330