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Cell and Developmental Biology

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Articles 481 - 510 of 878

Full-Text Articles in Microbiology

Cullin-4 Regulates Wingless And Jnk Signaling-Mediated Cell Death In The Drosophila Eye., Meghana Tare, Ankita Sarkar, Shimpi Bedi, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh Dec 2016

Cullin-4 Regulates Wingless And Jnk Signaling-Mediated Cell Death In The Drosophila Eye., Meghana Tare, Ankita Sarkar, Shimpi Bedi, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh

Biology Faculty Publications

In all multicellular organisms, the fundamental processes of cell proliferation and cell death are crucial for growth regulation during organogenesis. Strict regulation of cell death is important to maintain tissue homeostasis by affecting processes like regulation of cell number, and elimination of unwanted/unfit cells. The developing Drosophila eye is a versatile model to study patterning and growth, where complex signaling pathways regulate growth and cell survival. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of these processes is not fully understood. In a gain-of-function screen, we found that misexpression of cullin-4 (cul-4), an ubiquitin ligase, can rescue reduced eye mutant phenotypes. Previously, …

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A Novel Codon-Optimized Siv Gag-Pol Immunogen For Gene-Based Vaccination, Catherine M. Crosby, Eric A. Weaver, Reeti Khare, Michael A. Barry Dec 2016

A Novel Codon-Optimized Siv Gag-Pol Immunogen For Gene-Based Vaccination, Catherine M. Crosby, Eric A. Weaver, Reeti Khare, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a robust pathogen used in non-human primates to model HIV vaccines. SIV encodes a number of potential vaccine targets. By far the largest and most conserved protein target in SIV is its gag-pol protein that bears many epitopes to drive multivalent immune T cell responses. While gag-pol is an attractive antigen, it is only translated after a frame shift between gag and pol with the effect that gag and pol are expressed at an approximate 10/1 ratio. The codon bias of native lentiviral genes are also mismatched with the abundance of tRNAs in mammalian cells …

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Investigating The Effects Of Ph On Alphaviral E3-E2 Glycoprotein Association, Organization, And Cellular Tropism, Jason Michael Sequra Dec 2016

Investigating The Effects Of Ph On Alphaviral E3-E2 Glycoprotein Association, Organization, And Cellular Tropism, Jason Michael Sequra

Open Access Dissertations

In alphaviruses the role of E3 is required in protecting the fusion peptide region of E1 during intracellular transport. Throughout viral processing, the association of E2 and E3 is required for the successful trafficking and incorporation of E1 into the mature virion. This E3-E2 association has been observed to extend to mature virions in the solved structure for the envelope of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and supported by the solved structure for the entire Venezuelan equine encephalitis virion (VEEV) with exclusive contacts being made between E3-E2. Immunization with monoclonal antibodies against VEEV E3 provided protection for mice challenged by lethal …

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Consensus Paper: Cerebellar Development, K Leto, M Arancillo, Ebe Becker, A Chiang, Et Al. Dec 2016

Consensus Paper: Cerebellar Development, K Leto, M Arancillo, Ebe Becker, A Chiang, Et Al.

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The development of the mammalian cerebellum is orchestrated by both cell-autonomous programs and inductive environmental influences. Here, we describe the main processes of cerebellar ontogenesis, highlighting the neurogenic strategies used by developing progenitors, the genetic programs involved in cell fate specification, the progressive changes of structural organization, and some of the better-known abnormalities associated with developmental disorders of the cerebellum.

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The Role Of Streptococcus Gallolyticus Subspecies Gallolyticus In Colon Cancer Development, Jennifer L. Herold Dec 2016

The Role Of Streptococcus Gallolyticus Subspecies Gallolyticus In Colon Cancer Development, Jennifer L. Herold

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and women and is also the third most common cause of cancer death. A large body of evidence points towards the possibility that bacteria can have a significant impact on the development of cancer. It has been suggested that Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, a group D streptococci, may play a role in the development of CRC. Sg, formerly S. bovis biotype I, has been shown to be highly associated with CRC. In observing patients with either Sg bacteremia or endocarditis it was found that 25-80% of …

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Visualizing A Plant Cell, Rudaba R. Hasan Nov 2016

Visualizing A Plant Cell, Rudaba R. Hasan

The Transdisciplinary STEAM+ Journal

Why visualizing science is important, especially as a school student.

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The Subject Librarian Newsletter, Biology, Fall 2016, Sandy Avila Nov 2016

The Subject Librarian Newsletter, Biology, Fall 2016, Sandy Avila

Libraries' Newsletters

No abstract provided.

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The Roles Of Biotin In Candida Albicans Physiology, Nur Ras Aini Ahmad Hussin Nov 2016

The Roles Of Biotin In Candida Albicans Physiology, Nur Ras Aini Ahmad Hussin

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients, infections by Candida albicans have significantly increased in recent years. C. albicans transition from yeast to germ tubes is an essential factor for virulence. In this study we noted that Lee's medium, commonly used to induce filamentation, contained 500-fold more biotin than needed for growth. Thus, we investigated the effects of excess biotin on growth rate and filamentation by C. albicans in different media. At 37 °C, excess biotin (4 µM) enhanced germ tube formation (GTF) ca. 10-fold in both Lee's medium and a defined glucose proline medium, and ca. …

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Antiviral Cd8(+) T Cells Restricted By Human Leukocyte Antigen Class Ii Exist During Natural Hiv Infection And Exhibit Clonal Expansion., Srinika Ranasinghe, Pedro A Lamothe, Damien Z Soghoian, Samuel W Kazer, Michael B Cole, Alex K Shalek, Nir Yosef, R. Brad Jones, Faith Donaghey, Chioma Nwonu, Priya Jani, Gina M Clayton, Frances Crawford, Janice White, Alana Montoya, Karen Power, Todd M Allen, Hendrik Streeck, Daniel E Kaufmann, Louis J Picker, John W Kappler, Bruce D Walker Oct 2016

Antiviral Cd8(+) T Cells Restricted By Human Leukocyte Antigen Class Ii Exist During Natural Hiv Infection And Exhibit Clonal Expansion., Srinika Ranasinghe, Pedro A Lamothe, Damien Z Soghoian, Samuel W Kazer, Michael B Cole, Alex K Shalek, Nir Yosef, R. Brad Jones, Faith Donaghey, Chioma Nwonu, Priya Jani, Gina M Clayton, Frances Crawford, Janice White, Alana Montoya, Karen Power, Todd M Allen, Hendrik Streeck, Daniel E Kaufmann, Louis J Picker, John W Kappler, Bruce D Walker

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

CD8(+) T cell recognition of virus-infected cells is characteristically restricted by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, although rare examples of MHC class II restriction have been reported in Cd4-deficient mice and a macaque SIV vaccine trial using a recombinant cytomegalovirus vector. Here, we demonstrate the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses with antiviral properties in a small subset of HIV-infected individuals. In these individuals, T cell receptor β (TCRβ) analysis revealed that class II-restricted CD8(+) T cells underwent clonal expansion and mediated killing of HIV-infected cells. In one case, these cells comprised 12% …

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Replication-Transciption Switch In Human Mitochondria, Karen Agaronyan Oct 2016

Replication-Transciption Switch In Human Mitochondria, Karen Agaronyan

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Coordinated replication and expression of mitochondrial genome is critical for metabolically active cells during various stages of development. However, it is not known whether replication and transcription can occur simultaneously without interfering with each other and whether mtDNA copy number can be regulated by the transcription machinery. Human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRNAP) is a central enzyme involved in gene expression in mitochondria. It generates genome-size polycistronic transcripts and also makes replication primers at two origins of replication. MtRNAP is distantly related to phage T7 RNAP. While T7 RNAP is optimized to produce large amounts of transcripts to overcompete the bacterial …

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Molecular Analysis Of Ftsz-Ring Assembly In E. Coli Cytokinesis, Kuo-Hsiang Huang Sep 2016

Molecular Analysis Of Ftsz-Ring Assembly In E. Coli Cytokinesis, Kuo-Hsiang Huang

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

An essential first step in bacterial division is the assembly of a cytokinetic ring (Z-ring) formed by the tubulin-like FtsZ at midcell. The highly conserved core domain of FtsZ has been reported to mediate assembly of FtsZ polymers in vivo and in vitro. Species-specific differences in the FtsZ C-terminal domain such as the FtsZ CTV region and interactions with several modulatory proteins such as ZapC and ZapD, restricted to certain bacterial classes, also serve as key determinants of FtsZ protofilament bundling. Here, we characterize (i) the roles of the FtsZ CTV region in mediating both longitudinal and lateral interactions …

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Identification Of Microorganisms Isolated From Mars-Bound Spacecraft Using Maldi-Tof, Melanie K. Phillips Sep 2016

Identification Of Microorganisms Isolated From Mars-Bound Spacecraft Using Maldi-Tof, Melanie K. Phillips

STAR Program Research Presentations

The primary goal of the Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group (BPPG) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is to prevent microbial contamination between Earth and other planetary bodies. This helps preserve the ability to study other worlds as they exist in their natural states and protects our biosphere from extraterrestrial life. The process for identifying microbes located on space-bound hardware in JPL can be more efficient and precise by using the technique called matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Once this identification technique is fully implemented, the process time will be reduced from two weeks to one …

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Contribution Of A Putative Up Element Dna Sequence To The Activity Of A Newly Identified Phage Promoter, Courtney Hamilton Aug 2016

Contribution Of A Putative Up Element Dna Sequence To The Activity Of A Newly Identified Phage Promoter, Courtney Hamilton

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

In transcription, a universal step in gene expression, information from a DNA sequence is copied into RNA. A key component in gene expression is the promoter sequence, a region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds during the initiation of transcription of downstream genes. Most bacterial promoters contain a -10 and a -35 sequence that are bound by the RNA polymerase. Some promoters also contain an Upstream Promoter (UP) element. UP elements have been shown to boost promoter activity. We recently identified a new promoter in a mutant bacteriophage that grows on a bacterial host that prevents antitermination of phage …

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Mucosal Vaccination By Adenoviruses Displaying Reovirus Sigma 1, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Matthew L. Hillestad, Catherine M. Crosby, Mallory A. Turner, Adam J. Guenzel, Hind J. Fadel, George T. Mercier, Michael A. Barry Aug 2016

Mucosal Vaccination By Adenoviruses Displaying Reovirus Sigma 1, Eric A. Weaver, Zenaido T. Camacho, Matthew L. Hillestad, Catherine M. Crosby, Mallory A. Turner, Adam J. Guenzel, Hind J. Fadel, George T. Mercier, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

We previously developed adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors displaying the sigma 1 protein from reovirus as mucosal vaccines. Ad5-sigma retargets to JAM-1 and sialic acid, but had 40-fold reduced gene delivery when compared to Ad5. While weaker at transduction, Ad5-sigma generated stronger T cell responses than Ad5 when used for mucosal immunization. New Ad5-fiber-sigma vectors were generated here by varying the number of fiber β-spiral shaft repeats (R) fused between fiber tail and the sigma. Ad5 virions encoding R3, R14, and R20 chimeras were rescued. Increasing chimera length led to their decreasing encapsidation of these proteins in the virions. Ad5-R3 …

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Neddylation Promotes Stress Granule Assembly, Aravinth Kumar Jayabalan, Anthony Sanchez, Ra Young Park, Sang Pil Yoon, Gum-Yong Kang, Je-Hyun Baek, Paul Anderson, Younghoon Kee, Takbum Ohn Jul 2016

Neddylation Promotes Stress Granule Assembly, Aravinth Kumar Jayabalan, Anthony Sanchez, Ra Young Park, Sang Pil Yoon, Gum-Yong Kang, Je-Hyun Baek, Paul Anderson, Younghoon Kee, Takbum Ohn

Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications

Stress granules (SGs) harbour translationally stalled messenger ibonucleoproteins and play important roles in regulating gene expression and cell fate. Here we show that neddylation promotes SG assembly in response to arsenite-induced oxidative stress. Inhibition or depletion of key components of the neddylation machinery concomitantly inhibits stress-induced polysome disassembly and SG assembly. Affinity purification and subsequent mass-spectrometric analysis of Nedd8-conjugated proteins from translationally stalled ribosomal fractions identified ribosomal proteins, translation factors and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including SRSF3, a previously known SG regulator. We show that SRSF3 is selectively neddylated at Lys85 in response to arsenite. A non-neddylatable SRSF3 (K85R) mutant do …

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Immunity Via Interferon-Beta And Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase, Michael B. Cheung Jun 2016

Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Immunity Via Interferon-Beta And Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase, Michael B. Cheung

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children worldwide, accounting for an estimated 33.8 million cases of respiratory disease, over 3 million of which require hospitalization, and between 66,000 and 199,000 deaths in this susceptible population. Additionally, severe RSV infection early in life is associated with an increased risk of wheeze and other airway disorders later in life. Despite this, there is currently no vaccine or economically reasonable prophylactic regimen to prevent infection. While disease is typically more severe in infancy RSV can infect throughout the lifespan repeatedly as the …

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Loss Of Cell Adhesion Increases Tumorigenic Potential Of Polarity Deficient Scribble Mutant Cells, Indrayani Waghmare, Madhuri Kango-Singh Jun 2016

Loss Of Cell Adhesion Increases Tumorigenic Potential Of Polarity Deficient Scribble Mutant Cells, Indrayani Waghmare, Madhuri Kango-Singh

Biology Faculty Publications

Epithelial polarity genes are important for maintaining tissue architecture, and regulating growth. The Drosophila neoplastic tumor suppressor gene scribble (scrib) belongs to the basolateral polarity complex. Loss of scrib results in disruption of its growth regulatory functions, and downregulation or mislocalization of Scrib is correlated to tumor growth. Somatic scribble mutant cells (scrib-) surrounded by wild-type cells undergo apoptosis, which can be prevented by introduction of secondary mutations that provide a growth advantage. Using genetic tools in Drosophila, we analyzed the phenotypic effects of loss of scrib in different growth promoting backgrounds. We investigated if a central …

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The Exceptionally High Reactivity Of Cys 621 Is Critical For Electrophilic Activation Of The Sensory Nerve Ion Channel Trpa1, Parmvir K. Bahia, Thomas A. Parks, Katherine R. Stanford, David A. Mitchell, Sameer Varma, Stanley M. Stevens Jr., Thomas E. Taylor-Clark May 2016

The Exceptionally High Reactivity Of Cys 621 Is Critical For Electrophilic Activation Of The Sensory Nerve Ion Channel Trpa1, Parmvir K. Bahia, Thomas A. Parks, Katherine R. Stanford, David A. Mitchell, Sameer Varma, Stanley M. Stevens Jr., Thomas E. Taylor-Clark

Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications

Activation of the sensory nerve ion channel TRPA1 by electrophiles is the key mechanism that initiates nociceptive signaling, and leads to defensive reflexes and avoidance behaviors, during oxidative stress in mammals. TRPA1 is rapidly activated by subtoxic levels of electrophiles, but it is unclear how TRPA1 outcompetes cellular antioxidants that protect cytosolic proteins from electrophiles. Here, using physiologically relevant exposures, we demonstrate that electrophiles react with cysteine residues on mammalian TRPA1 at rates that exceed the reactivity of typical cysteines by 6,000-fold and that also exceed the reactivity of antioxidant enzymes. We show that TRPA1 possesses a complex reactive cysteine …

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Engineering A Mutation In The Heparin Binding Pocket Of The Human Fibroblast Growth Factor, Roshni Patel May 2016

Engineering A Mutation In The Heparin Binding Pocket Of The Human Fibroblast Growth Factor, Roshni Patel

Chemistry & Biochemistry Undergraduate Honors Theses

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are family of proteins that belong to a group of growth factors that are found in mammals and play an important role in angiogenesis, differentiation, organogenesis, and tissue repair. In summary, their main functionality is involved in cell division and proliferation. Because FGFs plays such a vital role in cell proliferation, they are mainly involved in the process of wound healing and injuries. FGF binds to its ligand, heparin—a heavily sulfated glycosaminoglycan. The binding of heparin to FGF occurs through electrostatic interactions, specifically between the negatively charged sulfate groups on heparin and positively charged residues such …

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Exploring The Mechanisms Of Action Of Antifungal Peptides Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae., Michelle L. Mason May 2016

Exploring The Mechanisms Of Action Of Antifungal Peptides Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae., Michelle L. Mason

Biological Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Candida albicans is a normal inhabitant of the skin and mucosal membranes of humans, however, in individuals with depressed immune systems or disrupted cutaneous flora, Candida can overgrow and cause serious infection. Candida infection is the fourth leading cause of nosocomial infection in the United States. These infections are often associated with longer hospital stays and higher mortality. Current drug therapies for this infection are largely ineffective due to the increased drug resistance of Candida species, and for some therapeutics, high levels of drug toxicity to humans. Histatin 5 is a naturally occurring salivary peptide that has strong antifungal properties. …

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The Ccaat-Binding Factor Dependent Regulation Of The Oxidative Stress Response In Candida Albicans, Ananya Chakravarti May 2016

The Ccaat-Binding Factor Dependent Regulation Of The Oxidative Stress Response In Candida Albicans, Ananya Chakravarti

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The success of Candida albicans as an opportunistic human pathogen has been attributed to several factors, including the ability to survive in limiting iron environments and the ability to evade the respiratory burst of human macrophages and neutrophils. The goal of this research is to elucidate the role of the CCAAT-binding factor in the oxidative stress response of Candida albicans. Prior whole genome microarray studies performed in our lab compared the gene expression of a wild type Candida albicans strain versus a hap5Δ strain under iron-limiting growth conditions. Among the differentially regulated genes, CTA1, encoding catalase, had a four-fold higher …

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Alzheimer's Disease: The Silver Tsunami Of The 21st Century, Ankita Sarkar, Madison Irwin, Aditi Singh, Matthew Riccetti, Amit Singh May 2016

Alzheimer's Disease: The Silver Tsunami Of The 21st Century, Ankita Sarkar, Madison Irwin, Aditi Singh, Matthew Riccetti, Amit Singh

Biology Faculty Publications

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has no cure to date. One of the causes of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta 42 (Aß42) plaques, which result in the onset of neurodegeneration. It is not known how these plaques trigger the onset of neurodegeneration. There are several animal models developed to (i) study etiology of disease, (ii) look for genetic modifiers, and (iii) identify chemical inhibitors that can block neurodegeneration and help to find cure for this disease. An insect model of Drosophila melanogaster has also provided new insights into the disease. Here we will discuss the utility …

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Identification Of Host Factors Required For Yersinia Pestis Macrophage Intracellular Survival And Their Impact On Vacuole Maturation, Acidification And Trafficking., Michael Graylin Connor May 2016

Identification Of Host Factors Required For Yersinia Pestis Macrophage Intracellular Survival And Their Impact On Vacuole Maturation, Acidification And Trafficking., Michael Graylin Connor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Y. pestis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of plague. This bacterium, while most noted or the Black Death during the European 14th century, is not a historic pathogen but a re-emerging pandemic with both domestic and global impact. Y. pestis is capable of colonizing the macrophage, and actively subverts phagolysosome maturation to establish a replicative niche known as the Yersinia containing vacuole (YCV). The exploited host factors required to support the YCV are unknown. Here we identified a comprehensive list of host factors required for Y. pestis survival through a genome-wide RNAi high-throughput screen. We …

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Modulation Of Cell Death Signaling And Cell Proliferation By The Interaction Of Homoserine Lactones And Paraoxonase 2., Aaron Mackallan Neely May 2016

Modulation Of Cell Death Signaling And Cell Proliferation By The Interaction Of Homoserine Lactones And Paraoxonase 2., Aaron Mackallan Neely

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (C12) as a quorum-sensing molecule that functions to facilitate bacteria-bacteria communication. C12 has also been reported to affect many aspects of human host cell physiology, including evoking cell death in various types of cells. However, the signaling pathway(s) leading to C12-triggerred cell death remains unclear. To clarify cell death signaling induced by C12, we examined mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in one or more caspases. Our data indicate that, unlike most apoptotic inducers, C12 evokes a novel form of apoptosis in cells, probably through the direct induction of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Previous studies indicate that …

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Poster: Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Emillie Partridge Apr 2016

Poster: Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Emillie Partridge

Best Integrated Writing

This poster presentation by Partridge provides information about stem cell research and the controversy surrounding it.

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Comparison Of Interactive Voice Response (Ivr) With Paper Administration Of Instruments To Assess Functional Status, Sexual Function, And Quality Of Life In Elderly Men, Rc Rosen, Aj Stephens-Shields, Gr Cunningham, D Cifelli, D Cella, Jt Farrar, E Barrett-Connor, Ce Lewis, M Pahor, X Hou, Pj Snyder Apr 2016

Comparison Of Interactive Voice Response (Ivr) With Paper Administration Of Instruments To Assess Functional Status, Sexual Function, And Quality Of Life In Elderly Men, Rc Rosen, Aj Stephens-Shields, Gr Cunningham, D Cifelli, D Cella, Jt Farrar, E Barrett-Connor, Ce Lewis, M Pahor, X Hou, Pj Snyder

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are essential for assessing subjective patient experiences. Interactive voice response (IVR) data collection provides advantages for clinical trial design by standardizing and centralizing the assessment. Prior to adoption of IVR as a mode of PRO administration in the Testosterone Trials (TTrials), we compared IVR to paper versions of the instruments to be used. METHODS: IVR versions of the FACIT-Fatigue scale and Psychosexual Daily Questionnaire, Question 4, were developed. In one pilot study, IVR versions of these scales were compared to paper versions in 25 men = 65 years at each of two clinical sites. In …

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Identification And Characterization Of Ion Channel Activity Of The M2 Protein From Influenza Virus D (Dm2), Jianing Liu Apr 2016

Identification And Characterization Of Ion Channel Activity Of The M2 Protein From Influenza Virus D (Dm2), Jianing Liu

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Viral ion channels are membrane proteins of influenza viruses that play essential roles in the replication cycle, which enables them to be targeted by antiviral drugs. M2 of influenza type A virus, BM2 of influenza type B virus, and CM2 from influenza type C virus have been characterized as ion channel proteins and antiviral drug amantadine was developed to control influenza type A virus. However, few studies have been conducted to clarify the properties of the M2 protein (DM2) of influenza type D virus, a novel influenza virus genus identified in 2014. To identify the ion channel activity of DM2, …

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Shaping The Growth Behaviour Of Biofilms Initiated From Bacterial Aggregates, Gavin Melaugh, Jaime B. Hutchison, Kasper N. Kragh, Yasuhiko Irie, Aled E. L. Roberts, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Stephen P. Diggle, Vernita Gordon, Rosalind J. Allen Mar 2016

Shaping The Growth Behaviour Of Biofilms Initiated From Bacterial Aggregates, Gavin Melaugh, Jaime B. Hutchison, Kasper N. Kragh, Yasuhiko Irie, Aled E. L. Roberts, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Stephen P. Diggle, Vernita Gordon, Rosalind J. Allen

Biology Faculty Publications

Bacterial biofilms are usually assumed to originate from individual cells deposited on a surface. However, many biofilm-forming bacteria tend to aggregate in the planktonic phase so that it is possible that many natural and infectious biofilms originate wholly or partially from pre-formed cell aggregates. Here, we use agent-based computer simulations to investigate the role of pre-formed aggregates in biofilm development. Focusing on the initial shape the aggregate forms on the surface, we find that the degree of spreading of an aggregate on a surface can play an important role in determining its eventual fate during biofilm development. Specifically, initially spread …

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Ct-Based Structural Rigidity Analysis Is More Accurate Than Mirels Scoring For Fracture Prediction In Metastatic Femoral Lesions, Ta Damron, A Nazarian, V Entezari, C Brown, W Grant, N Calderon, Et Al. Mar 2016

Ct-Based Structural Rigidity Analysis Is More Accurate Than Mirels Scoring For Fracture Prediction In Metastatic Femoral Lesions, Ta Damron, A Nazarian, V Entezari, C Brown, W Grant, N Calderon, Et Al.

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Controversy continues regarding the appropriate assessment of fracture risk in long bone lesions affected by disseminated malignancy. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purpose of this ongoing Musculoskeletal Tumor Society-sponsored, multi-institutional prospective cross-sectional clinical study is to compare CT-based structural rigidity analysis (CTRA) with physician-derived Mirels scoring for predicting pathologic fracture in femoral bone lesions. We hypothesized CTRA would be superior to Mirels in predicting fracture risk within the first year based on (1) sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value; (2) receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis; and (3) fracture prediction after controlling for potential confounding variables such as age and …

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Explicit Time Deficit In Schizophrenia: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Indicate It Is Primary And Not Domain Specific, V Ciullo, G Spalletta, C Caltagirone, Re Jorge, F Piras Mar 2016

Explicit Time Deficit In Schizophrenia: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Indicate It Is Primary And Not Domain Specific, V Ciullo, G Spalletta, C Caltagirone, Re Jorge, F Piras

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Although timing deficits are a robust finding in schizophrenia (SZ), the notion of a genuine time perception disorder in SZ is still being debated because distortions in timing might depend on neuropsychological deficits that are characteristics of the illness. Here we used meta-analytic methods to summarize the evidence of timing deficits in SZ and moderator analyses to determine whether defective timing in SZ arises from nontemporal sources or from defective time perception. PubMed Services, PsycNET, and Scopus were searched through March 2015, and all references in articles were investigated to find other relevant studies. Studies were selected if they included …

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