Microbiology Commons^™

Cyanonews (Vol. 2, No. 1, March 1986), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Cyanonews (Vol. 2, No. 3, December 1986), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Cyanonews (Vol. 2, No. 2, July 1986), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

The Effect Of A Bacteriophage On The Competition Of Rhizobium Japonicum Strains For Nodulation Of Glycine Max (L.) Merr, Lori Kelley

Masters Theses

The symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium japonicum (Kir.) Buch. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. was the concern of this thesis. This relationship occurs naturally in soybean fields. In the field there are many different strains of Rhizobium. Some of these strains fix atmospheric nitrogen more efficiently than others resulting in a higher crop yield. The problem is the more efficient nitrogen fixers are out-competed by less efficient nitrogen fixers. In order to solve this problem the more competitive strains have to be controlled. There are two main ways to do this. One is to increase the number of the desired …

Footrot In Sheep And Goats, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock published reports

Reference to sheep in this pamphlet applies equally to goats.

Footrot is a contagious disease of sheep and goats caused by the bacterium Baueroides nodosus.

The bacterium can cause varying degrees of damage to the horn of the foot. The resulting infection can lead to lameness and serious loss of body condition.

A Preliminary Investigation Of The Effect Of Storm Events On The Concentration Of Volatile Organic Compounds In The Lost River Cave System, Warren County, Kentucky, Francis Michael Cretella

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Samples of cave water were analyzed for volatile organic compounds during four separate storm events. The major compounds detected were toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, methylene chloride, and 1,1-dicloroethane. Minor compounds detected were trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and ethylbenzene. These compounds were detected in varying amounts at each of the three study sites. During a storm event, the levels of each contaminant changed significantly at all three sites studied. Two effects were observed when a storm event occurred. The first effect was the dilution of the volatile organic compounds during the storm event. These effects were related to the amount of rainfall and …

Characterization Of A New Freshwater Methanogen, Methanogenium Wolfei Sp. Nov., Theodore B. Moore

Dissertations and Theses

A recently isolated freshwater methanogenium species, Methanogenium wolfei, is characterized. Cells were irregular cocci, measuring 1.5 to 2.0 micrometers in diameter. No motility was observed, but 1 to 2 flagella per cell were observed after staining with Gray's Flagella Stain. Colonies formed by this species were small, shiny, and green-brown in color. Formate or hydrogen plus carbon dioxide served as substrates for growth. The optimal temperature for growth was found to be 45 degrees centigrade with minimal growth below 30 degrees centigrade and above 55 degrees centigrade. The optimal pH for growth was determined to be 6.8. Optimal growth was …

A Study Of Transferable Antibiotic Resistance In Enteric Bacteria, Charles H. Regeski

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A group of 48 enteric bacteria was selected from a total of 170 at Loma Linda University Medical Center because of resistance to three or more antibiotics. They were examined to see if any of the antibiotic resistances were transferred by conjugation to either of two recipient bacteria. These were a restrictionless, antibiotic sensitive, azide resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K 12 designated E. coli 1228 and a similar phenotypic strain of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 designated LB 5000. Forty-three transferred one or more antibiotic resistances to either or both recipients, a frequency of 25.3% of the total bacteria and 89.6% …

Cyanonews (Vol. 1, No. 2, December 1985), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Cyanonews (Vol. 1, No. 1, July 1985), Jeff Elhai

CyanoNews

CyanoNews was a newsletter that served the cyanobacteriological community from 1985 to 2003, with content provided by readers (sort of a blog before there were blogs). The newsletter reported new findings from the lab, summaries of recent meetings (often provided by graduate students and post-docs entering the field), positions sought or available, life transitions, a compendium of recent cyanobacteria-related articles, and other items of interest to those who study cyanobacteria.

Response Of A Nitrifying Biofilm To Copper, Denise Moldroski Mott

Masters Theses

In pure cultures of Nitrosomonas, copper is known to cause a stimulation of nitrification at low levels (≤ 0.03 mg Cu⁺²/1) and an inhibition affect at higher levels (≥ 0.05 mg Cu⁺²/1). Nitrifying activated sludges are much more tolerant of copper showing only 75% inhibition at 150mg Cu⁺²/1. The purpose of this paper was to determine the copper sensitivity of a nitrifying biofilm grown in a continuous flow trickling filter system.

A continuous flow trickling filter system was built using limestone chips for the biofilm substrate. The biofilm was established from secondary effluent. …

Fecal Coliform Membrane Filtration Recovery Techniques, Pamela Rose Rinebold

Masters Theses

Researchers over the years have been trying to improve recovery techniques for fecal coliform bacteria. Improved techniques would provide better estimates of the number of fecal coliform bacteria as well as better estimates of fecal contamination with potential pathogenicity of food and water.

Stressed, but viable, fecal coliform bacteria if placed under the appropiate conditions, can recover, thus presenting the possibility of inadequate disinfection. Chlorine sanitization, as done in potable and wastewater treatment, is one such method of stressing bacteria.

Techniques of recovery were studied using presumably unstressed and chlorine stressed samples. Phase one of this study was the comparison …

A Comparison Of The Acidic Extracellular Polysaccharides From Rhizobium Trifolii Mutants Affected In Trifolium Repens Root Hair Curling, Brian Andrew Hanley

Masters Theses

The compositions and sugar linkages of the acidic extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from several Rhizobium trifolii mutants were compared. These mutants were derived from a wild type Rhizobium trifolii, ANU843, and are unable to cause normal root hair curling, Hac-, or nodulate clover, Nod-. Three of the mutants contain a Tn5 insertion in a 5.3 kb BglII fragment of the symbiotic plasmid (pSym). A fourth mutant is missing the pSym, which includes much of the 5.3 kb BglII fragment, both of these deletions result in Hac-Nod- phenotypes. When the 5.3 kb BglII fragment is cloned (pRT150) and reinserted into the …

Benthic Diatom Community Dynamics In The Colorado River: Interactive Effects Of Periodic Dessication And Current Regime, Christopher Gerard Peterson

Publications (WR)

The response to periodic desiccation of periphyton communities developed in eddy environments or in areas exposed to variable, direct current was examined. Algal communities were incubated on clay tiles for between 2 and 12 weeks in the Colorado River, directly below Hoover Dam from October, 1983 - January, 1984. Mean daily discharge from the dam decreased over this period. To assess the influence of these discharge changes on community dynamics, samples collected over the first 12 weeks of the investigation were compared to samples of the same age collected over the final 8 weeks.

The small diatom taxon Achnahthes spp …

A Bacteriological And Chemical Analysis Of Nonpoint Source Pollution In A Karst Aquifer Bowling Green, Kentucky, Wayne Green

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Monthly water samples collected from four sites in the Lost River Groundwater Basin, a shallow karst aquifer in the Bowling Green-Warren County area of Kentucky, represented samples from sites receiving conduit and diffuse flow. All sites were severely contaminated with bacteria, and on some occasions the surface water criteria for some heavy metals were exceeded.

Of the total 334 bacterial colonies identified 92.1% were verified as Escherichia coli by the API20E system. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum accounted for 2.10% of colonies; Citrobacter freundii for 0.30% Klebsiella pneumoniae for 0.90%; Klebsiella oxytoca, 0.90%; Citrobacter amalonaticus 0.30%; Enterobacter cloacae, 1.20%; …

Dispelling Some Myths About 'Dermo', J R. Edwards

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

There are a lot of misconceptions and myths about dermatophilosis, a disease which can kill young lambs, affect wool quality, make shearing difficult and make sheep susceptible to fly strike.

One misconception is perpetuated by the incorrect use of the name mycotic dermatitis, which implies that a fungus causes the disease. This is not so.

The disease is caused by the bacteria Dermatophilus congolensis, which attacks the sheep's skin and eventually forms a lesion or scab in the wool, and so is better called dermatophilosis, 'dermo' or 'lumpy wool'.

Veterinary Epidemiologist at the Albany Regional Office, J.R. Edwards, discusses …

New Developments In Footrot Control, R B. Richards, L. J. Depiazzi, R. V. R. Gwynn

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The eradication policy for footrot in sheep adopted by the Western Australian Department of Agriculture has produced an overall decline in the number of properties with the disease.

Our knowledge of the disease has improved substantially as a result of the research conducted at the Slabany Regional Veterinary Laboratory in recent years. Laboratory tests now sssist stock inspectors and veterinary officers to distinguish between different forms of footrot and to quarantine and eradicate accordingly.

The recent discovery of more effective foot-bathing solutions by officers of the Victorian Department of Agriculture will greatly assist further eradication procedures.

Western Australia's sheep industry …

Characterization Of The Lipopolysaccharides (Lps) From Four Transposon Generated Symbiotic Mutants Of Rhizobium Trifolii, Robert G. Shatters Jr.

Masters Theses

The LPSs from four symbiotic mutants of R. trifolii were isolated and characterized. The mutants were obtained from Dr. Barry Rolfe of The Australian National University. Three mutants have Tn5 insertions in the "nod" regions of the symbiotic plasmid. The fourth has a 30 kb deletion. This deletion includes the majority of the "nod" regions. All mutants fail to nodulate clover and fail to induce markedly curled root hairs, i.e. they are hac-nod-. The LPSs were purified as described by Carlson et al. 1978.⁷ The polysaccharide portion of the LPSs was purified by treating the LPSs in 1% HAc …

Comparison Of Surface Polysaccharides Of R. Leguminosarum Anu57 (Exo-1), R. Leg. Anu57(Pbr1an) (Nod+, Nif-), And R. Leg. Anu57(Pjb5j1) (Nod+, Nif-), Frank G. Hustmyer

Masters Theses

Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are suspected to be involved in the legume/Rhizobium symbiotic process. Polysaccharide compositions from the EPS, LPS, capsular polysaccharide (CPS), and small polysaccharide (SmPS) were compared between Rhizobium leguminosarum ANU57 (parent, Exo^-1) and two mutants R. leg. ANU57(pBR1AN) (nod⁺, nif^-) and R. leg. ANU57(pJB5J1) (nod⁺, nif^-) both containing a Sym (symbiotic) plasmid insertion. R. leg. ANU57(pBR1AN) and R. leg. ANU57(pJB5J1) are nod⁺ on clover and peas, respectively. The nod⁺ mutants produce larger amounts of EPS and decreased amounts of LPS compared to …

Cole1 Copy Number Mutants., Londa Schmidt, Joseph Inselburg

Dartmouth Scholarship

A deletion mutant of the colicin E1-derived plasmid, pDMS6642, exhibited an approximately fourfold increase in copy number. We subsequently isolated hydroxylamine-induced mutants of that plasmid that had a further increase in copy number. Analysis of them suggests that the increased copy number of pDMS6642 is associated with transcriptional readthrough from a Tn3 transposon into the region of ColE1 containing information that influences plasmid replication. The hydroxylamine mutation in one copy number mutant appeared to increase the plasmid copy number by stimulating readthrough transcription from the Tn3 transposon into the ColE1 replication control region, whereas the other hydroxylamine mutation acts by …

Selection And Characterization Of Cole1 Plasmid Mutants That Exhibit Altered Stability And Replication., Joseph Inselburg

Dartmouth Scholarship

This report describes a method for isolating mutants of plasmid ColE1 that exhibit unstable maintenance and altered replication characteristics. It also describes the initial characterization of four mutants isolated by that method. A chimeric plasmid, pHSG124, containing a ColE1 derivative and a temperature-sensitive replication derivative of pSC101 was mutagenized in vitro, using hydroxylamine. By adjusting the growth conditions of transformants containing the mutagenized chimeric deoxyribonucleic acid, it was possible to rapidly screen colonies and identify those that had a high probability of carrying ColE1 mutants that exhibit unstable maintenance. Of those mutants, some exhibited altered copy number or accumulated catenated …

Characterization Of Gram-Positive Bacterial Isolates From Burn Victims, Trisha A. Hannan

Dissertations and Theses

Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were collected from patients hospitalized at the Oregon Burn Center, Emanuel Hospital, Portland, Oregon, between October 27, 1980 and January 1, 1981. Forty-five isolates of Staphylococcus and twenty-one isolates of Streptococcus, Lancefield Group D, were included in the investigation.

The objectives of the investigation were: (i) to identify to the species level all isolates, (ii) to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, (iii) to test the organisms. over time for increasing resistance to silver, (iv) to determine, if present, a bacterium harbored within the burn unit (nosocomial bacterium), and (v) to determine any recognizable pattern of successive …

Petroleum-Utilizing Bacteria: The Biological Line Defense Against Oil Pollution, Steven W. Sokolowski

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A silica gel-petroleum (SGP) medium was developed which is reliable, approximately the same cost as that of the corresponding agar-based petroleum medium, and can be made sufficiently firm to use in streaking or the spread-plate technique. Advantages of the medium include: the incorporation of all of the major ions of seawater in accordance with Dittmar's Law (the salinity of which can easily be varied from 0 to 35 parts per thousand); a wide workable pH range (5.5 to 11.6); negligable pH drift(~ 0.2 pH units after 166 days); the elimination of all but negligable amounts of syneresis, the ability to …

Plasmid-Mediated Resistance To Arsenite And Arsenate In Escherichia Coli, Thomas Patrick Trezona

Dissertations and Theses

Bacterial strains resistant to arsenite, arsenate (or both) are readily isolated from nature. The resistance, in many cases, can be shown to be determined by conjugal plasmids. The mechanisms by which these plasmids confer resistance to arsenic compounds are entirely unknown. This study was undertaken to shed light on some of the physiological and genetic aspects of this resistance using plasmid-bearing strains of Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to both arsenite and arsenate. Most studies were carried out using E. coli J53 (R773) or the plasmid-free strain J53.

Functional Relationship Between Parts Of The Replication Region Of Plasmid Cole1., Joseph Inselburg

Dartmouth Scholarship

The inhibition of plasmid ColE1 replication caused by a deletion of the ColE1 plasmid replication origin has been previously reported (T. Hashimoto-Gotoh and J. Inselburg, J. Bacteriol. 139:597-619). Evidence is presented showing that restoration of the deleted nucleotide sequence in the precise relationship it normally has to the rest of the replication region is essential for restoration of ColE1 replication capability to the deletion mutant.

Occurrence And Characteristics Of Nonfruiting Myxobacteria Isolated From Pine Forest Soils, Paul M. Kulvi

All Master's Theses

A study was conducted to contribute to the taxonomy of the nonfruiting myxobacteria and to determine the effects of fire on the occurrence and characteristics of nonfruiting myxobacteria isolated from pine forest soil Three years after a prescribed burn, the population of nonfruiting myxobacteria was decreased in the burn site. The organisms isolated were distinct from any of the known species of nonfruiting myxobacteria, and apparently are new species.

The Development Of Techniques For The Enumeration Of Selected Pathogenic Bacteria In Lynnhaven Estuarine Sediments, Mark T. Frank

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Methodologies for the improved recovery of selected pathogenic bacteria from estuarine sediments were investigated. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to document the sensitivity of the techniques for isolating Salmonella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Vibrio parahaemolyticus-like organisms were enriched in a seawater yeast extract broth and isolated from Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose plated media. Enrichment procedures with and without elevated temperatures and subsequent transfers to selective and differential plated media have been examined for the isolation of Salmonella species and P. aeruginosa. These pathogens were initially assayed for utilizing primary enrichments of asparagine …

Cell Mediated Immunity By Cytotoxicity Assay And The Effect Of Corynebacterium Parvum And Radiation On Mice Bearing Herpes-Induced Tumors, Robert B. Stagg

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cell mediated immune (CMI) cytotoxic reactivity of Balb/c mice against H238 cells, a Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2 - induced sarcoma, was measured by the ¹²⁵IUdR release assay. The Balb/c mouse response to the growing HSV-induced tumor, treated with radiation and , was measured by survival rate, tumor growth and immune cytotoxicity of spleen and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) as determined by ¹²⁵IUdR release assay. Subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of 1 x 10⁶ H238 cells (high dose) produced progressive tumor growth while s.c. inoculation of 1 x 10⁴ H238 cells (low dose) produced no tumors. A …

Siderocapsa Major-- Fact Or Artifact?, Ray W. Swanson

Masters Theses

The validity of the genus Siderocapsa, a group of unicellular iron-depositing bacteria, has been a subject of debate for many years. Lack of photomicroscopic and cultural studies has kept this group in taxonomic obscurity. Bacteria were collected from the Campus pond, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, by a submerged slide/coverslip technique. These bacteria were identified as Siderocapsa major according to the description of Molisch (1909). Scanning electron microscopy of Siderocapsa major microcolonies has shown cells (0.5 by 1.15 μm), in a clear central well (2-6 μm), surrounded by an amorphous material which accumulates with the age of the colony. …

Methodology Development For The Study Of The Anaerobic Bacterial Flora Of Bovine Feces, Donald G. Kirsch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The intestinal bacterial flora of an animal has a considerable influence on the physiology of that animal. Some bacteria of the intestine are pathogenic and can initiate infections if they gain access to a susceptible individual. Some of the intestinal bacteria can produce potent carcinogens in vitro and can presumably do this also in vivo. Food passing through the alimentary tract of an animal is also chemically modified through the enzymatic action of the bacterial flora. The animal is also protected from some enteric infections through the antagonistic and competitive actions of the established organisms of the normal bacterial flora. …