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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (9)
- Aquatic Health Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (5)
- Fisheries Science Peer-Reviewed Articles (4)
- ESL Publications (2)
- Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (2)
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- Aquatic Health Sciences (1)
- Bacterioplankton; biolog; community; estuary (1)
- Bottom Boundary-Layer; Community Structure; Recruitment; Suspension (1)
- Crassostrea Virginica; Oyster; Triploid; Cytochalasin B; Dosage (1)
- Crassostrea Virginica; Perkinsus Marinus; Haplosporidium Nelsoni; Artificial Reefs; Disease Progression; Growth (1)
- Cross shelf transport (1)
- Dissolved organic carbon (DOC); heterotrophy; mid-Atlantic bight; carbon export; Chesapeake Bay; York River (1)
- Habitat complexity; habitat structure; dimensionless indices; predation; Fundulus heteroclitus; amphipods (1)
- Late Austral Winter; Sub-Arctic Pacific; Surface Waters; Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton (1)
- Macrophyte Juncus-Effusus; Spartina-Alterniflora; Smooth Cordgrass; Leaf-Litter (1)
- Osmotic Tolerance; Volume Regulation; Perkinsus Marinus (1)
- Oyster Reef; Restoration; Water Quality; Harvest; Fish Habitat; Crassostrea Virginica; Sanctuaries (1)
- Oyster; Crassostrea Virginica; Habitat Restoration; Recruitment Substrate; Intertidal; Virginia (1)
- Oysters; Crassostrea Virginica; Chesapeake Bay; Reefs; Restoration; Watershed; Management; Benthic-Pelagic Coupling (1)
- Peltandra virginica; macrophyte and microalgal productivity; carbon dioxide; methane; belowground respiration; translocation; sweet Hall marsh (1)
- Sea Scallops; Placopecten Magellanicus; Fishing Gear; Relative Efficiency (1)
- Seagrasses; seeds; dormancy; seed banks; germination; restoration; conservation (1)
- Settlement-Patterns; Fish Assemblages; Coral-Reef; Recruitment; Abundance (1)
- Soft-Shell Clam; Perkinsus Spp.; Chesapeake Bay; Maryland; Infection; Intensity (1)
- ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; RETINOIC ACID; HOMEOTIC TRANSFORMATION; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; THYROID-HORMONE; HYLA-REGILLA; LIMBS; RECEPTORS; SURVIVAL; TOXICITY (1)
- Virginia (1)
- York River (1)
Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Temperature Effects On Export Production In The Open Ocean, Ea Laws, Pg Falkowki, Walker O. Smith Jr., H Ducklow, Jj Mccarthy
Temperature Effects On Export Production In The Open Ocean, Ea Laws, Pg Falkowki, Walker O. Smith Jr., H Ducklow, Jj Mccarthy
VIMS Articles
A pelagic food web model was formulated with the goal of developing a quantitative understanding of the relationship between total production, export production, and environmental variables in marine ecosystems. The model assumes that primary production is partitioned through both large and small phytoplankton and that the food web adjusts to changes in the rate of allochthonous nutrient inputs in a way that maximizes stability, i.e., the ability of the system to return to steady state following a perturbation. The results of the modeling exercise indicate that ef ratios, defined as new production/total production = export production/total production, are relatively insensitive …
Seasonal Variations Of Size-Fractionated Phytoplankton Along The Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia (Usa), Y Sin, Rl Wetzel, I. C. Anderson
Seasonal Variations Of Size-Fractionated Phytoplankton Along The Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia (Usa), Y Sin, Rl Wetzel, I. C. Anderson
VIMS Articles
The dynamics of phytoplankton size structure were investigated in the freshwater, transitional and estuarine zones of the York River over an annual cycle. The contribution of large cells (microplankton, >20 mu m) to total concentrations of chlorophyll a increased downstream during winter, whereas that of small cells (nanoplankton, 3-20 mu m; picoplankton,m) increased downstream during summer. In the freshwater region, the contribution of micro phytoplankton to total concentrations of chlorophyll a was significant during warm seasons (spring and summer) but not during colder seasons (winter), whereas the contribution of small-sized cells (especially picoplankton) increased during cold seasons. Temperature, light and …
Changes In Bacterioplankton Metabolic Capabilities Along A Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, G. E. Schultz, H. W. Ducklow
Changes In Bacterioplankton Metabolic Capabilities Along A Salinity Gradient In The York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, G. E. Schultz, H. W. Ducklow
VIMS Articles
Changes in metabolic capabilities of bacterial communities along the estuarine salinity gradient may affect the extent of organic matter processing and bacterial growth and accumulation during transit through the system; As part of a larger study of estuarine microbial processes, we attempted to quantify differences in bacterial community structure using Biolog plates. Biolog GN plates (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, CA, USA) were used to determine differences in bacterioplankton community metabolic potential. Biolog GN microplates are 96-well microtiter plates in which each well contains an individual carbon source as well the redox dye tetrazolium violet. As bacteria grow and oxidize each substrate, …
Local Demographics Of The Polychaete Chaetopterus Pergamentaceus Within The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Relationships To Environmental Gradients, Ml Thompson, Linda C. Schaffner
Local Demographics Of The Polychaete Chaetopterus Pergamentaceus Within The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Relationships To Environmental Gradients, Ml Thompson, Linda C. Schaffner
VIMS Articles
Chaetopterus pergamentaceus is an abundant and functionally important species within the soft sediment, subtidal benthic community of lower Chesapeake Bay. The present study elucidates spatial relationships in density, individual ash-free dry weight, total station ash-free dry weight and growth rates for juveniles and adults from 2 yrs of sampling (1994, 1995) at 12 stations in the lower Chesapeake Bay. A strong inverse relationship (r(2) = 0.69) was observed between growth rates and total density for juveniles when data from a low(1994) and high(1995) recruitment year were considered. Common parameters among stations characterized by high density/low growth were: (1) depth (maximum …
Bacterial Consumption Of Doc During Transport Through A Temperate Estuary, Pa Raymond, Je Bauer
Bacterial Consumption Of Doc During Transport Through A Temperate Estuary, Pa Raymond, Je Bauer
VIMS Articles
Bacterial utilization of natural levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured in the York River estuary, a sub-estuary of the Chesapeake Bay. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate spatial and temporal changes in bacterial carbon utilization and to evaluate its importance as a pathway for organic matter transformation in estuaries. Multiple pools of DOC were defined based on decomposition kinetics. The first pool (G(1)) made up a mean of 2.8% of total DOC and had turnover times of less than or equal to 5 d. The second pool (G(2)) comprised an average of 4.9% of total DOC …
Zoosporulation Of A New Perkinsus Species Isolated From The Gills Of The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, Bd Tall, A Shaheen, Ee Elsayed, M Faisal
Zoosporulation Of A New Perkinsus Species Isolated From The Gills Of The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, Bd Tall, A Shaheen, Ee Elsayed, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
A gill-associated Perkinsus sp. isolated from the softshell clam (Myo arenaria) is described as a new species, P. chesapeaki sp. nov. Examination of the parasite in seawater cultures revealed life cycle stages and zoosporulation processes similar to those described for other species of the genus Perkinsus. Prezoosporangia developed thickened cell walls upon contraction of the cytoplasm and development of a distinctive clear area between the cell wall and the protoplast. Successive bipartition of the protoplast led to the formation of hundred's of zoospores within mature sporangia. Zoospores were released into seawater through one or more discharge tubes, Ultrastructural studies revealed …
Limitation Of Bacterial Growth By Dissolved Organic Matter And Iron In The Southern Ocean, Mj Church, Da Hutchins, Hw Ducklow
Limitation Of Bacterial Growth By Dissolved Organic Matter And Iron In The Southern Ocean, Mj Church, Da Hutchins, Hw Ducklow
VIMS Articles
The importance of resource limitation in controlling bacterial growth in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region of the Southern Ocean was experimentally determined during February and March 1998. Organic- and inorganic-nutrient enrichment experiments were performed between 42 degrees S and 55 degrees S along 141 degrees E. Bacterial abundance, mean cell volume, and [H-3]thymidine and [H-3]leucine incorporation were measured during 4- to 5-day incubations. Bacterial biomass, production, and rates of growth all responded to organic enrichments in three of the four experiments. These results indicate that bacterial growth was constrained primarily by the availability of dissolved organic matter. Bacterial growth in …
Osmotic Tolerance And Volume Regulation In In Vitro Cultures Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus, Cl O'Farrell, Jf La Peyre, Kt Paynter, Em Burreson
Osmotic Tolerance And Volume Regulation In In Vitro Cultures Of The Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus Marinus, Cl O'Farrell, Jf La Peyre, Kt Paynter, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
Growth rate. cell size, osmotic tolerance, and volume regulation were examined in cells of Perkinsus marinus cultured in media of osmolalities ranging from 168 to 737 mOsm (6.5-27.0 ppt). Cells cultured at the low osmolalities of 168 and 256 mOsm (6.5 and 9.7 ppt) began log phase growth 4 days postsubculture, whereas cells cultured at the higher osmolalities 341, 433, and 737 mOsm (12.7. 16.0, and 27.0 ppt) began log phase growth 2 days postsubculture. During log phase growth, cells from the higher osmolalities 341, 433, and 737 mOsm had shorter doubling times than cells from the lower osmolalities 168 …
Ruth Dixon Turner 1914-2000 - In Memoriam, R Mann
Strategies For Assessing The Implications Of Malformed Frogs For Environmental Health, Jg Burkhart, Robert C. Hale
Strategies For Assessing The Implications Of Malformed Frogs For Environmental Health, Jg Burkhart, Robert C. Hale
VIMS Articles
The recent increase in the incidence of deformities among natural frog populations has raised concern about the state of the environment and the possible impact of unidentified causative agents on the health of wildlife and human populations. An open workshop on Strategies for Assessing the Implications of Malformed Frogs for Environmental Health was convened on 4-5 December 1997 at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The purpose of the workshop was to share information among a multidisciplinary group with scientific interest and responsibility for human and environmental health at the federal and state …
Oyster Reef Restoration: Convergence Of Harvest And Conservation Strategies, Dl Breitburg, Ld Coen, Mark Luckenbach, Roger L. Mann, M Posey, J. A. Wesson
Oyster Reef Restoration: Convergence Of Harvest And Conservation Strategies, Dl Breitburg, Ld Coen, Mark Luckenbach, Roger L. Mann, M Posey, J. A. Wesson
VIMS Articles
Oyster reef restoration, protection, and construction are important to meeting harvest, water quality, and fish habitat goals. However, the strategies needed to achieve harvest and conservation goals have often been considered to be at odds. We argue that these goals are. in fact, compatible and that the same strategies will promote a sustainable harvest of the resource, increased filtration of estuarine waters, and increased provision of structured habitat for finfish, crabs, and other organisms that utilize oyster reefs or receive benefit indirectly from them. Creation or designations of unharvested sites (refuge sites) are key components of these strategies. Unharvested reefs …
Mortality And Hematology Of Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus, Experimentally Infected With The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi, Jeffrey D. Shields, Christopher M. Squyars
Mortality And Hematology Of Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus, Experimentally Infected With The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi, Jeffrey D. Shields, Christopher M. Squyars
VIMS Articles
On the eastern seaboard of the United States, populations of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, experi-ence recurring outbreaks of a parasitic dinoflagellate, Hematodinium perezi. Epizootics fulminate in summer and autumn causing mortalities in high-salinity embayments and estuaries. In laboratory studies, we experimentally investigated host mortality due to the disease, assessed differential hemato-logical changes in infected crabs, and examined proliferation of the parasite.
Restoring The Oyster Reef Communities In The Chesapeake Bay: A Commentary, Roger L. Mann
Restoring The Oyster Reef Communities In The Chesapeake Bay: A Commentary, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Restoration of the oyster Crassostrea virginica resource to the Chesapeake Bay is a widely supported goal. This manuscript explores the questions of why, how, and in what time frame this should be attempted. Restoration goals based simply on support of a commercial fishery fail to address the role of the oyster as a cornerstone species within the Chesapeake Bay and should only be considered in the context of a long-term sustainable fishery exploitation. The argument is proffered that a restored resource sustaining a fishery at the historical harvest level is unrealistic, because: (1) harvest probably exceeded biological production for much …
Estimates Of Naked Goby (Gobiosoma Bosc), Striped Blenny (Chasmodes Bosquianus) And Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larval Production Around A Restored Chesapeake Bay Oyster Reef, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
Estimates Of Naked Goby (Gobiosoma Bosc), Striped Blenny (Chasmodes Bosquianus) And Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larval Production Around A Restored Chesapeake Bay Oyster Reef, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Naked gobies (Gobiosoma bose) and striped blennies (Chasmodes bosquianus) rely on oyster reefs for nesting sites, feeding grounds, and refugia from predation by upper level piscivores. Seasonal densities of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), naked gobies, and striped blennies on Palace Bar Reef, Piankatank River, Virginia were quantified and used to develop species-specific larval production estimates. Densities of oyster adults, juveniles, and articulated shell valves (the result of recent mortality) did not significantly change from November 1995 to November 1996. Naked goby and striped blenny densities varied with substrate type and season; peak fish densities for both species were observed in …
Demonstration Of The Onshore Transport Of Larval Invertebrates By The Shoreward Movement Of An Upwelling Front, Al Shanks, J Largier, L Brink, J Brubaker, R Hooff
Demonstration Of The Onshore Transport Of Larval Invertebrates By The Shoreward Movement Of An Upwelling Front, Al Shanks, J Largier, L Brink, J Brubaker, R Hooff
VIMS Articles
Upwelling winds off North Carolina set up upwelling fronts. As the wind forcing relaxed following such a coastal upwelling event, we observed the upwelling front move onshore. The low-density surface water moved shoreward over the upwelled water, forming a convergence zone at the-front. This shoreward-moving front concentrated and transported larvae. Larval sergestid shrimp, spionid polychaete larvae, and the veligers of Odostomia sp. and Bittium sp, were concentrated on the seaward side of the moving convergence. Blue crab megalopae were concentrated at the surface immediately seaward of the front. These data demonstrate that a relaxing upwelling front can transport high concentrations …
A Comparison Of Size Selectivity And Relative Efficiency Of Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791), Trawls And Dredges, David Rudders, Wd Dupaul, Je Kirkley
A Comparison Of Size Selectivity And Relative Efficiency Of Sea Scallop, Placopecten Magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791), Trawls And Dredges, David Rudders, Wd Dupaul, Je Kirkley
VIMS Articles
During August and September 1997 and May 1998, three comparative fishing experiments were conducted aboard commercial sea scallop trawl and dredge vessels to assess the efficacy of gear restrictions found in Amendment 3 to the Sea Scallop Fishery Management plan (SSFMP). This amendment involved certain gear restrictions including minimum mesh and ring sizes and maximum Scar widths and was intended to equate the performance of sea scallop trawls and dredges with respect to size selectivity and efficiency. Statistical analysis indicated that selectivity and efficiency were not equal for the two gear types. while absolute gear size selectivity could not be …
The Effect Of Cytochalasin B Dosage On The Survival And Ploidy Of Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin) Larvae, Je Supan, Ce Wilson, Standish K. Allen Jr.
The Effect Of Cytochalasin B Dosage On The Survival And Ploidy Of Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin) Larvae, Je Supan, Ce Wilson, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
Survival and ploidy of D-stage oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica) were determined following the rearing of embryos exposed to CB dosages of 0.5 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, and 0.125 mg/L for 10 minutes, with 0.05% DMSO and ambient seawater as controls. The experiment was replicated three times on the same day with the same procedures and partially stripping the same male oysters; different females were used for each replicate. CB dosage treatments began when 50% of the eggs reached PBI (24-31 min). Embryos were reared for 48 h at ambient temperature and salinity. Resulting triploid percentages were 13% +/- 6.7% (0.125 mgCB/L), …
Progression Of Diseases Caused By The Oyster Parasites, Perkinsus Marinus And Haplosporidium Nelsoni, In Crassostrea Virginica On Constructed Intertidal Reefs, Aswani Volety, Frank O. Perkins, Roger Mann, Pr Hershberg
Progression Of Diseases Caused By The Oyster Parasites, Perkinsus Marinus And Haplosporidium Nelsoni, In Crassostrea Virginica On Constructed Intertidal Reefs, Aswani Volety, Frank O. Perkins, Roger Mann, Pr Hershberg
VIMS Articles
The progression of diseases caused by the oyster parasites Perkinsus marinus and Haplosporidium nelsoni were evaluated by periodic sampling (May 1994-December 1995) of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica on an artificial reef located in the Piankatank River, Virginia. The infections observed were recorded as a function of: (1) prevalence and intensity; (2) oyster size and age; and (3) depth below mean low water at which the host oyster was found on the reef. Only a very small number of oysters were infected with the two species of pathogens on the oyster reef during the first 11 months of Life. In the …
Prevalence Of Perkinsus Spp. In Chesapeake Bay Soft-Shell Clams, Mya Arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 During 1990-1998, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
Prevalence Of Perkinsus Spp. In Chesapeake Bay Soft-Shell Clams, Mya Arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 During 1990-1998, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
Prevalence and intensity of Perkinsus spp. infections were determined in soft-shell clams Mya arenaria during 1990 to 1998 based upon incubation of rectal tissues in Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium. During the study, soft-shell clams were collected from 18 sites in the upper Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. Enlarged hypnospores were found in similar to 7% (114/1,705) of the soft-shell clams. Peak prevalences occurred in the fail of 1992 with similar to 53% (16/30) at Piney Point and 50% (15/30) at Eastern Neck, and in August 1995 with similar to 64%(18/28) and similar to 37% (11/30) at Cedar Point and Piney Point, …
Toward Design Criteria In Constructed Oyster Reefs: Oyster Recruitment As A Function Of Substrate Type And Tidal Height, Fx O'Beirn, Mark Luckenbach, Ja Nestlerode, Gm Coates
Toward Design Criteria In Constructed Oyster Reefs: Oyster Recruitment As A Function Of Substrate Type And Tidal Height, Fx O'Beirn, Mark Luckenbach, Ja Nestlerode, Gm Coates
VIMS Articles
Restoration of degraded oyster reef habitat generally begins with the addition of substrate that serves as a reef base and site for oyster spat attachment. Remarkably, little is known about how substrate type and reef morphology affect the development of oyster populations on restored reefs. Three-dimensional, intertidal reefs were constructed near Fisherman's Island, Virginia: two reefs in 1995 using surfclam (Spisula solidissima) shell and six reefs in 1996 using surfclam shell, oyster shell, and stabilized coal ash. We have monitored oyster recruitment and growth quarterly at three tidal heights (intertidal, mean low water, and subtidal) on each reef type since …
New Dimensionless Indices Of Structural Habitat Complexity: Predicted And Actual Effects On A Predator's Foraging Success, A Bartholomew, R. J. Diaz, G Cicchetti
New Dimensionless Indices Of Structural Habitat Complexity: Predicted And Actual Effects On A Predator's Foraging Success, A Bartholomew, R. J. Diaz, G Cicchetti
VIMS Articles
Ecologists have long known that complex habitats often provide prey with refuges from predation. This is true for a wide variety of habitat types in terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems. Despite the recognized importance of structural habitat complexity, ecologists have defined and measured complexity in many different ways. We propose 2 new indices of structural habitat complexity that are dimensionless, that can be applied across various habitat types and scales, and that directly measure how structural complexity interferes with a predator's foraging ability. These indices are: the total area of cover within a habitat divided by the total area of …
A Review Of Issues In Seagrass Seed Dormancy And Germination: Implications For Conservation And Restoration, Robert J. Orth, Mc Harwell, Em Bailey, A Bartholomew, J Jawad, A Lombana, Ken Moore, J Rhode, H Woods
A Review Of Issues In Seagrass Seed Dormancy And Germination: Implications For Conservation And Restoration, Robert J. Orth, Mc Harwell, Em Bailey, A Bartholomew, J Jawad, A Lombana, Ken Moore, J Rhode, H Woods
VIMS Articles
Seagrasses have received considerable attention over the past 2 decades because of the multiple ecological roles they play in estuarine and coastal ecosystems and concerns over worldwide losses of seagrass habitat due to direct and indirect human impacts. Restoration and conservation efforts are underway in some areas of the world, but progress may be limited by the paucity of information on the role of seeds in bed dynamics. Although flowering occurs in most of the 58 seagrass species, seed germination data exist for only 19 of the 42 species that have some period of dormancy, with only 93 published references …
Carbon Cycling In A Tidal Freshwater Marsh Ecosystem: A Carbon Gas Flux Study, Sc Neubauer, Wd Miller, Iris C. Anderson
Carbon Cycling In A Tidal Freshwater Marsh Ecosystem: A Carbon Gas Flux Study, Sc Neubauer, Wd Miller, Iris C. Anderson
VIMS Articles
A process-based carbon gas flux model was developed to calculate total macrophyte and microalgal production, and community and belowground respiration, for a Peltandra virginica dominated tidal freshwater marsh in Virginia. The model was based on measured field fluxes of CO2 and CH,, scaled to monthly and annual rates using empirically derived photosynthesis versus irradiance, and respiration versus temperature relationships. Because the gas exchange technique measures whole system gas fluxes and therefore includes turnover and seasonal translocation, estimates of total macrophyte production will be more accurate than those calculated from biomass harvests. One Limitation of the gas flux method is that …
Autumnal Biomass And Potential Productivity Of Salt Marsh Fungi From 29 Degrees To 43 Degrees North Latitude Along The United States Atlantic Coast, Sy Newell, Lk Blum, Re Crawford, T Dai, M Dionne
Autumnal Biomass And Potential Productivity Of Salt Marsh Fungi From 29 Degrees To 43 Degrees North Latitude Along The United States Atlantic Coast, Sy Newell, Lk Blum, Re Crawford, T Dai, M Dionne
VIMS Articles
It has been established that substantial amounts of fungal mass accumulate in standing decaying smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) marshes in the southeastern United States (e.g., in standing decaying leaf blades with a total fungal organic mass that accounts for about 20% of the decay system organic mass), but it has been hypothesized that in marshes farther north this is not true. We obtained samples of autumnal standing decaying smooth cordgrass from sites in Florida to Maine over a 3-year period. The variation in latitude could not explain any of the variation in the living fungal standing crop las determined by …