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Articles 31 - 60 of 72
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Developmental Analysis Of Rod And Cone Photoreceptor Architecture In The Retina Of The Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia Mydas), Nikia Lynn Rice
Developmental Analysis Of Rod And Cone Photoreceptor Architecture In The Retina Of The Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia Mydas), Nikia Lynn Rice
Theses and Dissertations
All sea turtle species are threatened or endangered, some critically so. Vision is key to individual success in sea turtles; they use their vision for sea finding at hatching, foraging and predator avoidance throughout life, and mating and nesting as adults. This research project provides a comprehensive analysis throughout development (the first of kind) of the outer retina of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas. The research project included characterization of the retina biochemically via immunohistochemistry and histologically via light microscopy, both done over the course of development from hatchling through adult. At all stages, the retina was duplex, containing both …
Effects Of Ocean Acidification On The Dissolution Rates Of Reef-Coral Skeletons, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly Van Woesik, Liana Van Woesik, Sandra Van Woesik
Effects Of Ocean Acidification On The Dissolution Rates Of Reef-Coral Skeletons, Robert Van Woesik, Kelly Van Woesik, Liana Van Woesik, Sandra Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Ocean acidification threatens the foundation of tropical coral reefs. This study investigated three aspects of ocean acidification: (i) the rates at which perforate and imperforate coral-colony skeletons passively dissolve when pH is 7.8, which is predicted to occur globally by 2100, (ii) the rates of passive dissolution of corals with respect to coral-colony surface areas, and (iii) the comparative rates of a vertical reef-growth model, incorporating passive dissolution rates, and predicted sea-level rise. By 2100, when the ocean pH is expected to be 7.8, perforate Montipora coral skeletons will lose on average 15 kg CaCO3 m2 y1, which is approximately …
Persistence And Change In Community Composition Of Reef Corals Through Present, Past, And Future Climates, Robert Van Woesik, Peter J. Edmunds, Mehdi Adjeroud, Marissa L. Baskett, Iliana B. Baums, Ann F. Budd, Robert C.C. Carpenter, Nicholas S. Fabina, Tungyung Fan, Eric C. Franklin
Persistence And Change In Community Composition Of Reef Corals Through Present, Past, And Future Climates, Robert Van Woesik, Peter J. Edmunds, Mehdi Adjeroud, Marissa L. Baskett, Iliana B. Baums, Ann F. Budd, Robert C.C. Carpenter, Nicholas S. Fabina, Tungyung Fan, Eric C. Franklin
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The reduction in coral cover on many contemporary tropical reefs suggests a different set of coral community assemblages will dominate future reefs. To evaluate the capacity of reef corals to persist over various time scales, we examined coral community dynamics in contemporary, fossil, and simulated future coral reef ecosystems. Based on studies between 1987 and 2012 at two locations in the Caribbean, and between 1981 and 2013 at five locations in the Indo-Pacific, we show that many coral genera declined in abundance, some showed no change in abundance, and a few coral genera increased in abundance. Whether the abundance of …
Genetic Variations In Two Seahorse Species (Hippocampus Mohnikei And Hippocampus Trimaculatus): Evidence For Middle Pleistocene Population Expansion, Yanhong Zhang, Nancy Kim Pham, Huixian Zhang, Junda Lin, Qiang Lin
Genetic Variations In Two Seahorse Species (Hippocampus Mohnikei And Hippocampus Trimaculatus): Evidence For Middle Pleistocene Population Expansion, Yanhong Zhang, Nancy Kim Pham, Huixian Zhang, Junda Lin, Qiang Lin
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Population genetic of seahorses is confidently influenced by their species-specific ecological requirements and life-history traits. In the present study, partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) and control region (CR) were obtained from 50 Hippocampus mohnikei and 92 H. trimaculatus from four zoogeographical zones. A total of 780 base pairs of cytb gene were sequenced to characterize mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity. The mtDNA marker revealed high haplotype diversity, low nucleotide diversity, and a lack of population structure across both populations of H. mohnikei and H. trimaculatus. A neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of cytb gene sequences showed that H. mohnikei haplotypes formed …
Quantifying Uncertainty And Resilience On Coral Reefs Using A Bayesian Approach, Robert Van Woesik
Quantifying Uncertainty And Resilience On Coral Reefs Using A Bayesian Approach, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Coral reefs are rapidly deteriorating globally. The contemporary management option favors managing for resilience to provide reefs with the capacity to tolerate human-induced disturbances. Yet resilience is most commonly defined as the capacity of a system to absorb disturbances without changing fundamental processes or functionality. Quantifying no change, or the uncertainty of a null hypothesis, is nonsensical using frequentist statistics, but is achievable using a Bayesian approach. This study outlines a practical Bayesian framework that quantifies the resilience of coral reefs using two inter-related models. The first model examines the functionality of coral reefs in the context of their reef-building …
Photographic Survey Of Benthos Provides Insights Into The Antarctic Fish Fauna From The Marguerite Bay Slope And The Amundsen Sea, Joseph T. Eastman, Margaret O. Amsler, Richard D. Aronson, Sven Thatje, James Mcclintock, Stephanie C. Vos, Jeffrey W. Kaeli, Hanumant Singh, Mario La Mesa
Photographic Survey Of Benthos Provides Insights Into The Antarctic Fish Fauna From The Marguerite Bay Slope And The Amundsen Sea, Joseph T. Eastman, Margaret O. Amsler, Richard D. Aronson, Sven Thatje, James Mcclintock, Stephanie C. Vos, Jeffrey W. Kaeli, Hanumant Singh, Mario La Mesa
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
We reviewed photographic images of fishes from depths of 381–2282m in Marguerite Bay and 405–2007m in the Amundsen Sea. Marguerite Bay fishes were 33% notothenioids and 67% non-notothenioids. Channichthyids (47%) and nototheniids (44%) were the most abundant notothenioids. The deep-living channichthyid Chionobathyscus dewitti (74%) and the nototheniid genus Trematomus (66%) were the most abundant taxa within these two families. The most abundant non-notothenioids were the macrourid Macrourus whitsoni (72%) and zoarcids (18%). Amundsen Sea fishes were 87% notothenioids and 13% non-notothenioids, the latter exclusively Macrourus whitsoni. Bathydraconids (38%) and artedidraconids (30%) were the most abundant notothenioids. We observed that Macrourus …
Depth-Variable Settlement Patterns And Predation Influence On Newly Settled Reef Fishes (Haemulon Spp., Haemulidae), Lance K.B. Jordan, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Richard E. Spieler
Depth-Variable Settlement Patterns And Predation Influence On Newly Settled Reef Fishes (Haemulon Spp., Haemulidae), Lance K.B. Jordan, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Richard E. Spieler
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
During early demersal ontogeny, many marine fishes display complex habitat-use patterns. Grunts of the speciose genus Haemulon are among the most abundant fishes on western North Atlantic coral reefs, with most species settling to shallow habitats (≤12 m). To gain understanding into cross-shelf distributional patterns exhibited by newly settled stages of grunts (<2 cm total length), we examined: 1) depth-specific distributions of congeners at settlement among sites at 8 m, 12 m, and 21 m, and 2) depth-variable predation pressure on newly settled individuals (species pooled). Of the six species identified from collections of newly settled specimens (n = 2125), Haemulon aurolineatum (tomtate), H. flavolineatum (French grunt), and H. striatum (striped grunt) comprised 98% of the total abundance; with the first two species present at all sites. Prevalence of H. aurolineatum and H. flavolineatum decreased substantially from the 8-m site to the two deeper sites. In contrast, H. striatum was absent from the 8-m site and exhibited its highest frequency at the 21-m site. Comparison of newly settled grunt delta density for all species on caged (predator exclusion) and control artificial reefs at the shallowest site (8-m) revealed no difference, while the 12-m and 21-m sites exhibited significantly greater delta densities on the caged treatment. This result, along with significantly higher abundances of co-occurring piscivorous fishes at the deeper sites, indicated lower predation pressure at the 8-m site. This study suggests habitat-use patterns of newly settled stages of some coral reef fishes that undergo ontogenetic shifts are a function of depth-variable predation pressure while, for at least one deeper-water species, proximity to adult habitat appears to be an important factor affecting settlement distribution.
Predicting Coral Recruitment In Palau’S Complex Reef Archipelago, Yimnang Golbuu, Eric C. Wolanski, Jacques Wasai Idechong, Steven Victor, Adelle Lukes Isechal, Noelle Wenty Oldiais, David Idip, Robert H. Richmond, Robert Van Woesik
Predicting Coral Recruitment In Palau’S Complex Reef Archipelago, Yimnang Golbuu, Eric C. Wolanski, Jacques Wasai Idechong, Steven Victor, Adelle Lukes Isechal, Noelle Wenty Oldiais, David Idip, Robert H. Richmond, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Reproduction and recruitment are key processes that replenish marine populations. Here we use the Palau archipelago, in the western Pacific Ocean, as a case study to examine scales of connectivity and to determine whether an oceanographic model, incorporating the complex reef architecture, is a useful predictor of coral recruitment. We tested the hypothesis that the reefs with the highest retention also had the highest densities of juvenile coral density from 80 field sites. Field comparisons showed a significant correlation between the densities of juvenile Acropora colonies and total larval recruitment derived from the model (i.e., calculated as the sum of …
Prioritizing Key Resilience Indicators To Support Coral Reef Management In A Changing Climate, Tim R. Mcclanahan, Simon D. Donner, Jeffrey Allen Maynard, M. Aaron Macneil, Nicholas Anthony James Graham, Joseph M. Maina, Andrew C. Baker, Jahson Berhane Alemu I, Maria Beger, Robert Van Woesik
Prioritizing Key Resilience Indicators To Support Coral Reef Management In A Changing Climate, Tim R. Mcclanahan, Simon D. Donner, Jeffrey Allen Maynard, M. Aaron Macneil, Nicholas Anthony James Graham, Joseph M. Maina, Andrew C. Baker, Jahson Berhane Alemu I, Maria Beger, Robert Van Woesik
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Managing coral reefs for resilience to climate change is a popular concept but has been difficult to implement because the empirical scientific evidence has either not been evaluated or is sometimes unsupportive of theory, which leads to uncertainty when considering methods and identifying priority reefs. We asked experts and reviewed the scientific literature for guidance on the multiple physical and biological factors that affect the ability of coral reefs to resist and recover from climate disturbance. Eleven key factors to inform decisions based on scaling scientific evidence and the achievability of quantifying the factors were identified. Factors important to resistance …
The Consumption Of Dha During Embryogenesis As An Indicative Of The Need To Supply Dha During Early Larval Development: A Review, Joana Figueiredo, Junda Lin, Justin Anto, Luis Narciso
The Consumption Of Dha During Embryogenesis As An Indicative Of The Need To Supply Dha During Early Larval Development: A Review, Joana Figueiredo, Junda Lin, Justin Anto, Luis Narciso
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The establishment of an adequate larval diet for crustacean and fish often involves a series of time-consuming and expensive trial and errors. Despite being nutritionally poor, rotifers and Artemia are the most commonly used preys in larviculture. Whether (and to what extent) the prey needs to be enriched with essential fatty acids differs from species to species. We hypothesized that the DHA content of a newly spawned eggs and its consumption through embryogenesis can be a good indicator of the need to enrich the prey with DHA. In order to assess this hypothesis, we performed a search in the scientifc …
The Dynamics Of Reproductive Rate, Offspring Survivorship And Growth In The Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus Erectus Perry, 1810, Qiang Lin, Gang Li, Geng Qin, Liangmin Huang, Hushan Sun, Peiyong Feng
The Dynamics Of Reproductive Rate, Offspring Survivorship And Growth In The Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus Erectus Perry, 1810, Qiang Lin, Gang Li, Geng Qin, Liangmin Huang, Hushan Sun, Peiyong Feng
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Seahorses are the vertebrate group with the embryonic development occurring within a special pouch in males. To understand the reproductive efficiency of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 under controlled breeding experiments, we investigated the dynamics of reproductive rate, offspring survivorship and growth over births by the same male seahorses. The mean brood size of the 1-year old pairs in the 1st birth was 85.4±56.9 per brood, which was significantly smaller than that in the 6th birth (465.9±136.4 per brood) (P<0.001). The offspring survivorship and growth rate increased with the births. The fecundity was positively correlated with the length of brood pouches of males and trunk of females. The fecundity of 1-year old male and 2-year old female pairs was significantly higher than that from 1-year old couples (P<0.001). The brood size (552.7±150.4) of the males who mated with females that were isolated for the gamete-preparation, was larger than those (467.8±141.2) from the long-term pairs (P<0.05). Moreover, the offspring from the isolated females had higher survival and growth rates. Our results showed that the potential reproductive rate of seahorses H. erectus increased with the brood pouch development.
Potential Impacts Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Large Pelagic Fishes, Sarah Frias-Torres, Charles R. Bostater
Potential Impacts Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill On Large Pelagic Fishes, Sarah Frias-Torres, Charles R. Bostater
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Biogeographical analyses provide insights on how the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impacted large pelagic fishes. We georeferenced historical ichthyoplankton surveys and published literature to map the spawning and larval areas of bluefin tuna, swordfish, blue marlin and whale shark sightings in the Gulf of Mexico with daily satellite-derived images detecting surface oil. The oil spill covered critical areas used by large pelagic fishes. Surface oil was detected in 100% of the northernmost whale shark sightings, in 32.8 % of the bluefin tuna spawning area and 38 % of the blue marlin larval area. No surface oil was detected in the …
Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Shrimp Use Lipophilic Cuticular Hydrocarbons As Contact Sex Pheromones, Dong Zhang, John A. Terschak, Maggy A. Harley, Junda Lin, Jörg D. Hardege
Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Shrimp Use Lipophilic Cuticular Hydrocarbons As Contact Sex Pheromones, Dong Zhang, John A. Terschak, Maggy A. Harley, Junda Lin, Jörg D. Hardege
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Successful mating is essentially a consequence of making the right choices at the correct time. Animals use specific strategies to gain information about a potential mate, which is then applied to decision-making processes. Amongst the many informative signals, odor cues such as sex pheromones play important ecological roles in coordinating mating behavior, enabling mate and kin recognition, qualifying mate choice, and preventing gene exchange among individuals from different populations and species. Despite overwhelming behavioral evidence, the chemical identity of most cues used in aquatic organisms remains unknown and their impact and omnipresence have not been fully recognized. In many crustaceans, …
Metals In Sediments And Clams From The Indian River Lagoon, Florida: 2006–7 Versus 1992, John H. Trefry, Robert P. Trocine
Metals In Sediments And Clams From The Indian River Lagoon, Florida: 2006–7 Versus 1992, John H. Trefry, Robert P. Trocine
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
A 1992 survey of metal concentrations in sediments and clams from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, was repeated during 2006–7. Concentrations of Cr, Ni, Se and V in sediments were at background values during both surveys with no indication of anthropogenic inputs. Average values for Ag, Cd and Zn in sediments, normalized to Al, were unchanged, but contamination was identified at several locations during both surveys. The proportion of sites with elevated values for sediment Cu, Hg and Pb increased between 1992 and 2006–7 from 22 to 65%, 9 to 35%, and 13 to 39%, respectively, with highest values near …
Distribution Of The Hermit Crabs Clibanarius Vittatus And Pagurus Maclaughlinae In The Northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida: A Reassessment After 30 Years, Christopher J. Kelly, Richard L. Turner
Distribution Of The Hermit Crabs Clibanarius Vittatus And Pagurus Maclaughlinae In The Northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida: A Reassessment After 30 Years, Christopher J. Kelly, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The present distribution of two hermit crabs, Clibanarius vittatus and Pagurus maclaughlinae, was assessed for comparison with a study done more than 30 yr ago on decapods of the region. Clibanarius vittatus presently occurs in low or moderate density only at Sebastian Inlet. Retreat of C. vittatus from sites that it formerly occupied is attributed to intolerance of its larvae to low salinities recorded in the lagoon during recent reproductive seasons. Pagurus maclaughlinae remains the most abundant and widespread hermit crab in the lagoon. Its present distribution seems unchanged from the reference study despite prolonged periods, sometimes years, during which …
Caribbean Corals In Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, And Mortality In 2005, Erinn M. Muller, Mark C. Eakin, Jessica A. Morgan, Scott F. Heron, Tyler B. Smith, Gang Liu, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Bart J. Baca, Erich Bartles, Carolina Bastidas
Caribbean Corals In Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, And Mortality In 2005, Erinn M. Muller, Mark C. Eakin, Jessica A. Morgan, Scott F. Heron, Tyler B. Smith, Gang Liu, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Bart J. Baca, Erich Bartles, Carolina Bastidas
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. Methodology/Principal Findings: Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the iming and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts …
Location-Specific Responses To Thermal Stress In Larvae Of The Reef-Building Coral Montastraea Faveolata, Nicholas R. Polato, Christian Voolstra, Julia Schnetzer, Michael K. Desalvo, Carly J. Randall, Alina M. Szmant, Mónica Medina, Iliana B. Baums
Location-Specific Responses To Thermal Stress In Larvae Of The Reef-Building Coral Montastraea Faveolata, Nicholas R. Polato, Christian Voolstra, Julia Schnetzer, Michael K. Desalvo, Carly J. Randall, Alina M. Szmant, Mónica Medina, Iliana B. Baums
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The potential to adapt to a changing climate depends in part upon the standing genetic variation present in wild populations. In corals, the dispersive larval phase is particularly vulnerable to the effects of environmental stress. Larval survival and response to stress during dispersal and settlement will play a key role in the persistence of coral populations. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test the hypothesis that larval transcription profiles reflect location-specific responses to thermal stress, symbiont-free gametes from three to four colonies of the scleractinian coral Montastraea faveolata were collected from Florida and Mexico, fertilized, and raised under mean and elevated (up 1 …
Changing Patterns Of Microhabitat Utilization By The Threespot Damselfish, Stegastes Planifrons, On Caribbean Reefs, William F. Precht, Richard B. Aronson, Ryan M. Moody, Les M. Kaufman
Changing Patterns Of Microhabitat Utilization By The Threespot Damselfish, Stegastes Planifrons, On Caribbean Reefs, William F. Precht, Richard B. Aronson, Ryan M. Moody, Les M. Kaufman
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The threespot damselfish, Stegastes planifrons (Cuvier), is important in mediating interactions among corals, algae, and herbivores on Caribbean coral reefs. The preferred microhabitat of S. planifrons is thickets of the branching staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis. Within the past few decades, mass mortality of A. cervicornis from white-band disease and other factors has rendered this coral a minor ecological component throughout most of its range. Methodology/Principal Findings:Survey data from Jamaica (heavily fished), Florida and the Bahamas (moderately fished), the Cayman Islands (lightly to moderately fished), and Belize (lightly fished) indicate that distributional patterns of S. planifrons are positively correlated with live …
Diversity Partitioning Of Stony Corals Across Multiple Spatial Scales Around Zanzibar Island, Tanzania, Robert Van Woesik, Assaf Zvuloni, Yossi Loya
Diversity Partitioning Of Stony Corals Across Multiple Spatial Scales Around Zanzibar Island, Tanzania, Robert Van Woesik, Assaf Zvuloni, Yossi Loya
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The coral reefs of Zanzibar Island (Unguja, Tanzania) encompass a considerable proportion of the global coralreef diversity and are representative of the western Indian Ocean region. Unfortunately, these reefs have been recently subjected to local and regional disturbances. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are potentially non-random processes forcing the observed coral diversity patterns, and highlight where and at which spatial scales these processes might be most influential. Methodology/Principal Findings: A hierarchical (nested) sampling design was employed across three spatial scales, ranging from transects (≤20 m), stations (<100 m), to sites (<1000 m), to examine coral diversity patterns. Two of the four sites, Chumbe and Mnemba, were located within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), while the other two sites, Changuu and Bawe, were not protected. Additive partitioning of coral diversity was used to separate regional (total) diversity (γ) into local a diversity and among-sample β diversity components. Individual-based null models were used to identify deviations from random distribution across the three spatial scales. We found that Chumbe and Mnemba had similar diversity components to those predicted by the null models. However, the diversity at Changuu and Bawe was lower than expected at all three spatial scales tested. Consequently, the relative contribution of the among-site diversity component was significantly greater than expected. Applying partitioning analysis for each site separately revealed that the within-transect diversity component in Changuu was significantly lower than the null expectation. Conclusions/Significance: The non-random outcome of the partitioning analyses helped to identify the among-sites scale (i.e., 10's of kilometers) and the within-transects scale (i.e., a few meters; especially at Changuu) as spatial boundaries within which to examine the processes that may interact and disproportionately differentiate coral diversity. In light of coral community compositions and diversity patterns we strongly recommend that Bawe be declared a MPA.
Phenotypic Variance Predicts Symbiont Population Densities In Corals: A Modeling Approach, Robert Van Woesik, Kazuyo Shiroma, Semen Koksal
Phenotypic Variance Predicts Symbiont Population Densities In Corals: A Modeling Approach, Robert Van Woesik, Kazuyo Shiroma, Semen Koksal
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
We test whether the phenotypic variance of symbionts (Symbiodinium) in corals is closely related with the capacity of corals to acclimatize to increasing seawater temperatures. Moreover, we assess whether more specialist symbionts will increase within coral hosts under ocean warming. The present study is only applicable to those corals that naturally have the capacity to support more than one type of Symbiodinium within the lifetime of a colony; for example, Montastraea annularis and Montastraea faveolata. Methodology/Principal Findings: The population dynamics of competing Symbiodinium symbiont populations were projected through time in coral hosts using a novel, discrete time optimal-resource model. Models …
Roles Of Src Family Kinase Signaling During Fertilization And The First Cell Cycle In The Marine Protostome Worm Cerebratulus, Stephen A. Stricker, David J. Carroll, Wai L. Tsui
Roles Of Src Family Kinase Signaling During Fertilization And The First Cell Cycle In The Marine Protostome Worm Cerebratulus, Stephen A. Stricker, David J. Carroll, Wai L. Tsui
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
For eggs to generate a calcium response during fertilization, the sperm of many deuterostome animals must first activate a group of egg kinases, called Src family kinases (SFKs). However, whether SFK activation is also required for fertilization-induced calcium signals in eggs of protostomes remains unknown. Thus, in this study, unfertilized oocytes of the marine protostome worm Cerebratulus were treated with either PP2 to inhibit SFKs or with U73122 to block phospholipase C activity downstream of SFK. Compared with control fertilizations, the inhibitors significantly reduced post-insemination levels of polar body formation and cleavage, but apparently did so via different mechanisms, based …
Salinity Tolerance And Osmotic Response Of The Estuarine Hermit Crab Pagurus Maclaughlinae In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Sarah E. Rhodes-Ondi, Richard L. Turner
Salinity Tolerance And Osmotic Response Of The Estuarine Hermit Crab Pagurus Maclaughlinae In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Sarah E. Rhodes-Ondi, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Pagurus maclaughlinae is the most common hermit in the Indian River Lagoon System. Wide variations in lagoonal salinity make it likely that P. maclaughlinae is euryhaline and that other hermit species in the area are more stenohaline, at least in some stages of their life histories. In a study of salinity tolerance, crabs were held unfed at salinities of 5–50 (25 control) for up to 30 d. Based on survivorship curves, P. maclaughlinae tolerated acute exposure to salinities of 10–45 for up to 18 d, and survivorship up to 30 d at 20–45 equaled or exceeded survivorship of the control. …
Climate Change And Trophic Response Of The Antarctic Bottom Fauna, Richard B. Aronson, Ryan M. Moody, Linda C. Ivany, Daniel B. Blake, John E. Warner, Alexander Glass
Climate Change And Trophic Response Of The Antarctic Bottom Fauna, Richard B. Aronson, Ryan M. Moody, Linda C. Ivany, Daniel B. Blake, John E. Warner, Alexander Glass
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Background As Earth warms, temperate and subpolar marine species will increasingly shift their geographic ranges poleward. The endemic shelf fauna of Antarctica is especially vulnerable to climate-mediated biological invasions because cold temperatures currently exclude the durophagous (shell-breaking) predators that structure shallow-benthic communities elsewhere. Methodology/Principal Findings We used the Eocene fossil record from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, to project specifically how global warming will reorganize the nearshore benthos of Antarctica. A long-term cooling trend, which began with a sharp temperature drop ~41 Ma (million years ago), eliminated durophagous predators—teleosts (modern bony fish), decapod crustaceans (crabs and lobsters) and almost all neoselachian …
Effects Of Long-Term Exposure To Low Salinity On The Brackish-Water Amphiurid Brittlestar Ophiophragmus Filograneus (Lyman, 1875) From The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, Richard L. Turner
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Previous studies on salinity tolerance of Ophiophragmus filograneus have documented its ability to acclimate to a wide range of salinities in the laboratory and to acclimatize to short-term natural reductions in salinity. In all cases, salinities below 10% were lethal within a few weeks of exposure. Recent long-term changes in hydrology have exposed a dense population of O. filograneus in the Banana River lagoon to 3 yr of salinities between 10% and 20%. The burrowing response of animals subjected to acute exposure was tested in the present study at salinities of 8, 10, 12, 14 (ambient), 19, and 24%. After …
Annotated Bibliography Of The Florida Applesnail, Pomacea Paludosa (Say) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae), From 1824 To 1999, Richard L. Turner, Paula M. Mikkelsen
Annotated Bibliography Of The Florida Applesnail, Pomacea Paludosa (Say) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae), From 1824 To 1999, Richard L. Turner, Paula M. Mikkelsen
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The Florida applesnail, Pomacea paludosa (Say, 1829), inhabits freshwater rivers, lakes, and wetlands of the southeastern United States and Cuba, where it is prey to several species of birds, reptiles, and fish, particularly the snail kite, limpkin, American alligator, and redear sunfish. It has additionally been a staple in the diet of several native human populations. Introduction of exotic aquatic vegetation and the management practices of the 1900s have impacted the availability of P. paludosa to its predators, some of which are listed on federal and state registries of species that are endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Its association …
Survival And Development Of Horseshoe Crab (Limulus Polyphemus) Embryos And Larvae In Hypersaline Conditions, Gretchen S. Ehlinger, Richard A. Tankersley
Survival And Development Of Horseshoe Crab (Limulus Polyphemus) Embryos And Larvae In Hypersaline Conditions, Gretchen S. Ehlinger, Richard A. Tankersley
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus spawns in the mid- to upper intertidal zone where females deposit eggs in nests below the sediment surface. Although adult crabs generally inhabit subtidal regions of estuaries with salinities from 5 to 34 ppt, developing embryos and larvae within nests are often exposed to more extreme conditions of salinity and temperature during summer spawning periods. To test whether these conditions have a negative impact on early development and survival, we determined development time, survival, and molt cycle duration for L. polyphemus embryos and larvae raised at 20 combinations of salinity (range: 30-60 ppt) and temperature …
Morphology Predicts Suction Feeding Performance In Centrarchid Fishes, Andrew M. Carroll, Peter C. Wainwright, Stephen H. Huskey, David C. Collar, Ralph G. Turingan
Morphology Predicts Suction Feeding Performance In Centrarchid Fishes, Andrew M. Carroll, Peter C. Wainwright, Stephen H. Huskey, David C. Collar, Ralph G. Turingan
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Suction feeding fish differ in their capacity to generate subambient pressure while feeding, and these differences appear to relate to morphological variation. We developed a morphological model of force transmission in the fish head and parameterized it with measurements from individual fish. The model was applied to 45 individuals from five species of centrarchid fishes: Lepomis macrochirus, Lepomis punctatus, Lepomis microlophus, Micropterus salmoides and Pomoxis nigromaculatus. Measurements of epaxial cross-sectional area, epaxial moment arm, buccal area and buccal area moment arm were combined to estimate pressure generation capacity for individual fish. This estimation was correlated with pressure measured in fish …
Recent Occurrence Of The Smalltooth Sawfish, Pristis Pectinata (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Pristidae), In Florida Bay And The Florida Keys, With Comments On Sawfish Ecology, Gregg R. Poulakis, Jason C. Seitz
Recent Occurrence Of The Smalltooth Sawfish, Pristis Pectinata (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Pristidae), In Florida Bay And The Florida Keys, With Comments On Sawfish Ecology, Gregg R. Poulakis, Jason C. Seitz
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Encounters with the smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, in Florida Bay and the Florida Keys were documented by soliciting information from anyone who might have encountered them in these areas. Each person who had information was asked the same series of questions to determine the date and location of the encounter, estimated total length (ETL), and habitat characteristics. A total of 1,632 sawfish encounters occurring between 1990 and 2002 were reported to us (89% occurred between 1998 and 2002). Sawfish were encountered during the day and night. Most sawfish were probably immature when encountered. The smallest sawfish (<1 m ETE) were found in <2.4 m of water and virtually all larger immature sawfish (1.1-2.9 m ETE) were found in <10 m of water. The largest sawfish (>3 m ETE) …
Mrnas Located In Squalus Acanthias (Spiny Dogfish) Oligodendrocyte Processes, Nicholas Pahl, Sara Homsi, Hilary G. Morrison, Robert M. Gould
Mrnas Located In Squalus Acanthias (Spiny Dogfish) Oligodendrocyte Processes, Nicholas Pahl, Sara Homsi, Hilary G. Morrison, Robert M. Gould
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
This study identifies mRNAs located in oligodendrocyte (OL) processes of spiny dogfish and compares them with mRNAs that were previously identified in rat OL processes (1, 2). Because these two species have independent evolutionary histories covering hundreds of millions of years, mRNAs common to OL processes in both species likely represent proteins recruited to form the original myelin sheaths in the common gnathostome ancestor. Of the mRNAs present in rat OL processes, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein (MOBP) mRNAs dominate (1, 2). Surprisingly, however, MBP mRNA is not located in spiny dogfish OL processes; rather it …
In Vitro Propagation Of Conradina Etonia, Cheryl L. Peterson, Russell C. Weigel
In Vitro Propagation Of Conradina Etonia, Cheryl L. Peterson, Russell C. Weigel
Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications
Conservation institutions worldwide such as the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew (U.K.) have frequently used in vitro propagation (micropropagation) as a valuable tool to support the conservation of some threatened and endangered species. Although many of the endemic species of Florida 's scrub ecosystem are extremely rare, they have not been widely researched using tissue culture techniques. In this paper, the amenability of Conradina etonia, an endangered scrub mint species, to in vitro growth and propagation was investigated using shoot tips. Callus formed and grew rapidly in the presence of both cytokinins and auxins. Rhizogenesis from callus occurred in both …