Marine Biology Commons^™

The Palmer Lter: A Long-Term Ecological Research Program At Palmer Station, Antarctica, Raymond C. Smith, Karen S. Baker, William R. Fraser, Eileen E. Hofmann, David M. Karl, John M. Klinck, Langdon B. Quetin, Barbara B. Prezelin, Robin M. Ross, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Maria Vernet

CCPO Publications

THE ANTARCTIC marine ecosystem-the assemblage of plants, animals, ocean, sea ice, and island components south of the Antarctic Convergence is among the largest readily defined ecosystems on Earth (36 X 106 km2 ) (Hedgpeth, 1977; Petit et al., 1991). This ecosystem is composed of an interconnected system of functionally distinct hydrographic and biogeochemical subdivisions (Treguer and Jacques, 1992) and includes open ocean, frontal regions, shelf-slope waters, sea ice, and marginal ice zones. Oceanic, atmospheric, and biogeochemical processes within this system are thought to be globally significant, have been infrequently studied, and are poorly understood relative to more accessible marine ecosystems …

Temporal Alternation Between Light- And Nutrient-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Production In A Coastal Plain Estuary., Jonathan Pennock, Jonathan H. Sharp

School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering

ABSTRACT: The potential for Light- and nutrient-limitation of phytoplankton production was examined in the Delaware Estuary, USA, by combining a hierarchy of expenmental approaches including smallscale bioassay experiments, ecosystem-level analysis of nutrient concentration and stoichiometric ratios, and light-limitation modeling. Light was found to be the predominate regulator of phytoplankton growth throughout the estuary during the winter period as a result of high turbidity and a wellmixed water column. However, during late spring, phosphorus (P) was found to limit growth. This observation was confirmed at each of the experimental levels, and was related to several factors, including elevated input ratios (230:l) …

Parameterization Of The Cool Skin Of The Ocean And Of The Air-Ocean Gas Transfer On The Basis Of Modeling Surface Renewal, Alexander Soloviev, Peter Schlüssel

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Heat and gas transport in molecular sublayers at the air-sea interface is governed by similar laws. A model of renewal type based on the physics of molecular sublayers allows the derivation of a parameterization of the temperature difference across the cool skin of the ocean and of the coefficient of the direct air-sea gas transfer. The surface Richardson number controls the transition from convective instability to wind-induced instability (“rollers” on breaking wavelets) and the Keulegan number controls the transition from the regime of rollers to long-wave breaking. A critical value of the surface Richardson number and of a nondimensional constant …

Decade-Scale Trend In Sea Water Salinity Revealed Through Δ18o Analysis Of Montastraea Annularis Annual Growth Bands, Robert B. Halley, Peter Koenraad Swart, Richard E. Dodge, Harold J. Hudson

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O) of coral skeletons are influenced by ambient water temperature and by the oxygen isotope ratio in the surrounding sea water, which, in turn, is linked to evaporation (salinity) and precipitation. To investigate this relationship more thoroughly, we collected hourly temperature data from the Hen and Chickens Reef in the Florida Keys between 1975 and 1988 and compared them to the δ¹⁸O of Montastraea annularis skeleton that grew during the same interval. To ensure that we obtained the correct oxygen isotopic range in the skeleton we typically sampled the coral at a …

Supplemental Carbon Dioxide And Light Improved Tomato And Pepper Seedling Growth And Yield, Alejandro Fierro, Nicolas Tremblay, André Gosselin

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of CO, enrichment (900 μl·liter-1, 8 hours/day) in combination with supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s-1·m-2 (16- h photoperiod) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling growth in the greenhouse and subsequent yield in the field. Enrichment with CO2 and supplementary lighting for » 3 weeks before transplanting increased accumulation of dry matter in shoots by » 50% compared with the control, while root dry weight increased 49% for tomato and 6270 for pepper. Early yields increased by =1570 and 11% for tomato and pepper, respectively.

Fisheries Research Report No 101 - The Big Bank Region Of The Limited Entry Fishery For The Western Rock Lobster, Panulirus Cygnus, C F. Chubb, E H. Barker, C J. Dibden

Fisheries Research Reports

The Big Bank region lies to the north of the Abrolhos Islands zone of the limited entry western rock lobster fishery (Zone A) close to the edge of the continental shelf. Since 1986/87 the catches from this previously lightly exploited region have become important to a number of rock lobster fishermen operating in the northern (A and B) zones.

Fishing at Big Bank occurred predominantly in January and February of each season, however, recently introduced regulations have closed the region to fishing until February 10 each year. A maximum of 83 boats have operated in the region catching up to …

Winter 1994, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Summer 1994, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of A Validated Otolith Method To Age Weakfish, Cynoscion Regalis, With The Traditional Scale Method, Susan K. Lowerre-Barbieri, Mark E. Chittenden Jr., Cynthia M. Jones

OES Faculty Publications

Otoliths, scales, dorsal spines, and pectoral-fin rays were compared to ascertain the best hardpart for determining the age of weakfish, Cynoscion regalis. Each showed concentric marks, which could be interpreted as annuli. Sectioned otoliths, however, consistently showed the clearest marks, had 100% agreement between and within readers, and were validated by the marginal increment method for ages 1-5. This validated method of ageing weakfish was then compared with the traditionally used scale method. The scale method was less precise, as demonstrated by lower percent agreement, and generally assigned younger ages for fish older than age 6 (as determined by …

Assessment Of Genetic Diversity Of Seagrass Populations Using Dna Fingerprinting: Implications For Population Stability And Management, Randall S. Alberte, Gregory K. Suba, Gabriele Procaccini, Richard C. Zimmerman, Steven R. Fain

OES Faculty Publications

Populations of the temperate seagrass, Zostera marina L. (eelgrass), often exist as discontinuous beds in estuaries, harbors, and bays where they can reproduce sexually or vegetatively through clonal propagation. We examined the genetic structure of three geographically and morphologically distinct populations from central California (Elkhorn Slough, Tomales Bay, and Del Monte Beach), using multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphisms (DNA fingerprints). Within-population genetic similarity (S_w) values for the three eelgrass populations ranged from 0.44 to 0.68. The Tomales Bay population located in an undisturbed, littoral site possessed a within-population genetic similarity (S_w = 0.44) that was significantly lower …

Contribution Of Zooplankton Lipids To The Flux Of Organic Matter In The Northern Adriatic Sea, Mirjana Najdek, Staša Puškarić, Alexander B. Bochdansky

OES Faculty Publications

Analyses of particulate material collected by sediment traps moored at a location in the northern Adriatic Sea in 1991 revealed the presence of zooplankton fatty acids, even though zooplankton and other 'swimmers' killed by the trap's preservative were carefully removed. Laboratory experiments were conducted to (1) prove the existence of zooplankton lipids within fecal pellets, (2) exclude the possibility of incomplete separation of swimmers and other material as eventual contamination with polyunsaturated fatty acids in fecal pellets, (3) evaluate the importance of zooplankton lipids to mass flux and (4) reveal the mechanisms which lead to excretion of undigested organic matter, …

Fall 1994, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Spring 1994, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Modeling Oyster Populations. Iv. Rates Of Mortality, Population Crashes, And Management, E. N. Powell, J. M. Klinck, E. E. Hofmann, S. M. Ray

CCPO Publications

A time-dependent energy-flow model was used to examine how mortality affects oyster populations over the latitudinal gradient from Galveston Bay, Texas, to Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Simulations using different mortality rates showed that mortality is required for market-site oysters to be a component of the population's size-frequency distribution; otherwise a population of stunted individuals results. As mortality extends into the juvenile sizes, the population's size frequency shifts toward the larger sizes. In many cases adults increase despite a decrease in overall population abundance. Simulations, in which the timing of mortality varied, showed that oyster populations are more susceptible to population declines …

Modeling Oyster Populations Ii. Adult Size And Reproductive Effort, E. E. Hofmann, J. M. Klinck, E. N. Powell, S. Boyles, M. Ellis

CCPO Publications

A time-dependent model of energy flow in post-settlement oyster populations is used to examine the factors that influence adult size and reproductive effort in a particular habitat, Galveston Bay, Texas, and in habitats that extend from Laguna Madre, Texas to Chesapeake Bay. The simulated populations show that adult size and reproductive effort are determined by the allocation of net production to somatic or reproductive tissue development and the rate of food acquisition, both of which are temperature dependent. For similar food conditions, increased temperature reduces the allocation of net production to somatic tissue and increases the rate of food acquisition. …

Population-Dynamics Of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus-Argus, In Florida Bay, Florida, David Forcucci, Mark J. Butler Iv, John H. Hunt

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Despite a wealth of information on the growth and population dynamics of sub-adult and adult Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus), there is far less information about younger juveniles under natural conditions. Here we describe growth and population dynamics of juvenile spiny lobsters (12-68 mm carapace length, CL) that we have studied for 14 months (October 1988-December 1989) using mark-recapture techniques in a hardbottom community in Florida Bay, Florida. We also monitored the supply of postlarvae into the region in 1988 and 1989 using Witham-type surface collectors in an effort to link peak periods of settlement of postlarvae with subsequent cohorts …

Compositional And Taphonomic Variations In Modern Crinoid-Rich Sediments From The Deep-Water Margin Of A Carbonate Bank, Ghislaine Llewellyn, Charles G. Messing

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Multivariate analyses of the coarse-grained fraction (>2 mm) of sediments accumulating in deep water (419-434 m) along the western margin of the Little Bahama Bank reveal identifiable, small-scale compositional and taphonomic variations among local subhabitats (ridge crest, slope, foreslope, base of slope, pavements and scour pit) separated by meters to tens of meters. Bulk composition varies between planktic-(crest and slope) and lithic-dominated (pavements, scour pit) sediments. Local macrobenthic skeletal components also vary significantly among subhabitats, but are commonly dominated by echinoid and crinoid material; crinoid columnals contribute 9-52% of the coarse skeletal component of 17 sediment samples considered. Distributional …

Description, Distribution, And Abundance Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus (Rathbun), Spawning Stock Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Patrick John Geer

OES Theses and Dissertations

The lower Chesapeake Bay spawning stock of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, (Rathbun), is examined for seven years (1986 - 1992) in an attempt to better understand stock behavior. Three methods of post-stratification are used to describe the distribution and movement of the population over time. The three methods, density strata, geographic zones, and depth strata, did well in explaining movements of the population, indicating a trend of increased concentration of blue crabs near the eastern Bay late in the spawning season - October. The data suggest a bimodal period of spawning and a trimodal period of abundance. The …

Second Post-Construction Report: 1992 Biological Monitoring Of The Hollywood-Hallandale Beach Renourishment. Draft, Richard E. Dodge, Walter Goldberg, Steven C. Hess, Charles G. Messing

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

In 1990. Nova University (Contractor) with Coral Reef Associates and ERM South (Subcontractors) was awarded a contract to provide biological monitoring services for the Hollywood Hallandale Beach Renourishment Project. A notice to proceed for the initial biological monitoring (Pre-construction) was issued in September. 1990. Pre-construction field monitoring took place in October. 1990. Renourishment dredging began in April and ended August, 1991. Approximately 1.2 million cubic yards of sediment were removed and subsequently emplaced on 5 miles of shoreline. The first post-construction monitoring took place in October. 1991. On August 24.1992 the eye of Hurricane Andrew passed some 30 miles to …

Age, Growth, And Mortality Of Atlantic Croaker, Micropogonias Undulatus, In The Chesapeake Bay Region, With A Discussion Of Apparent Geographic Changes In Population Dynamics, Luiz R. Barbieri, Mark E. Chittenden Jr., Cynthia M. Jones

OES Faculty Publications

Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, collected from commercial catches in Chesapeake Bay and in Virginia and North Carolina coastal waters during 1988-1991 (n=1,967) were aged from transverse otolith sections. Ages 1-8 were recorded, but eight-year-old fish were rare. Marginal increment analysis showed that for ages 1-7, annuli are formed once a year during the period April-May. Otolith age readings were precise: >99% agreement within and between readers. Observed lengths-at-age were highly variable and growth rate decreased after the first year. Despite the high variability in sizes-at-age, observed lengths for ages 1-7 fit the von Bertalanffy growth model (r2=0.99; n=753) well. …

Fisheries Research Report No.100 - The Impact Of Trawling For Saucer Scallops And Western King Prawns On The Benthic Communities In Coastal Waters Off South-Western Australia, L. J.B. Laurenson, P. Unsworth, J. W. Penn, R. C.J. Lenanton

Fisheries Research Reports

A two year study was undertaken to collect data for the assessment of the impact of the saucer scallop and western king prawn trawl fisheries on the benthic communities in coastal waters off south western Australia, between 31°20'5 and 34°23'5 latitude.

Monitoring of reported commercial landings, on-board sampling of commercial catches, research vessel trawl surveys, experimental and exploratory trawling, and underwater television observations, have enabled the development of an extensive data-base on the fishery and benthic communities of the region.

These data indicate that the existing fishery operates on a number of relatively small, discrete grounds where saucer scallops or …

Comparison Of Predicted And Observed Dioxin Levels In Fish: Implications For Risk Assessment, Judy S. Lakind, Daniel Q. Naiman

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

After comparing sampled and modelled dioxin levels in the tissue of fish near pulp and paper mill discharges, the authors argue that, until an improved bioaccumulation model is incorporated into EPA's Risk assessment process, determination of human health Risks associated with consuming dioxin-contaminated fish should be based on sampling.

Diet And Feeding Habits Of The Southern Stingray Dasyatis Americana In The Central Bahamas, David S. Gilliam, K. M. Sullivan

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Modeling Nutrient And Plankton Processes In The California Coastal Transition Zone, John Roland Moisan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Two time- and space-dependent, physical-bio-optical models have been developed for the California Coastal Transition Zone (CTZ) region with the overall objective of understanding and quantifying the processes th at contribute to the spatial and temporal development of nutrient and plankton distributions in the CTZ. The first of these models considers only time- and vertical processes at specific locations in the CTZ. The model food web components include: silicate, nitrate, ammonium, two phytoplankton size fractions, copepods, doliolids, euphausiids and a detritus pool. The wavelength dependent attenuation of the subsurface irradiance field, due to sea water, phytoplankton pigment concentrations and dissolved organic …

Emergence Periodicity Of Caretta Caretta In Broward County, Florida, 1990, William E. Margolis, Curtis M. Burney

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

No abstract provided.

Trends In The Spatial Distribution Of Sea Turtle Activity On An Urban Beach (1981-1992), Catherine A. Mattison, Curtis M. Burney, Louis Fisher

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

No abstract provided.

Skeletal Structural Basis Of Density Banding In The Reef Coral Montastrea Annularis, Richard E. Dodge, Alina Szmant-Froelich, R. Garcia, Peter K. Swart, A. Forester, J. J. Leder

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Density banding in coral skeletons can provide for reconstruction of the coral's growth en- vironment over long periods. The physical differ- ences between low and high density portions of a skeletal band are not well understood. The skeletal architecture of M. annularis from Southeast Flor- ida, the Florida Keys, St. Croix, the Bahamas, and Mexico was compared in X-ray revealed high den- sity (HD), low density (LD), and stress HD bands. Density changes arose from differences in the size, but not spacing, of exothecal structural elements (horizontal dissepiments and vertical costae). En- dothecal architecture size (e.g., columella, dissepi- ments, septa) …

Fall 1993, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Spring 1993, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Summer 1993, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.