Exercise Science Commons^™

The Effects Of Resistance Deception On Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, And Perceived Exertion, Broderick L. Dickerson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Resistance deception during training is a lightly researched topic and is seen as a modification that can potentially act on central control during exercise. Studies that have observed effects of deception while training have yielded mixed results. The effects of deception on strength, muscular endurance, and perceived exertion and the mechanisms of action that may elicit changes are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects of resistance deception on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and perceived exertion in a trained population. Eight participants finished the study and underwent four trials, one of which was a …

Early And Late Rapid Torque Characteristics And Select Physiological Correlates In Middle-Aged And Older Males, Alex A. Olmos, Matthew T. Stratton, Phuong L. Ha, Benjamin E. Dalton, Trisha Vandusseldorp, Gerald Mangine, Yuri Feito, Micah J. Poisal, Joshua A. Jones, Tyler M. Smith, Garrett Hester

Faculty Articles

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare early and late rapid torque parameters of the plantar flexors (PFs) in middle-aged (MM) and older (OM) males, and determine the effect of normalization to peak torque (PT) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA).

Methods

Twenty-nine healthy, MM (n = 14; 45 ± 2 yrs) and OM (n = 15; 65 ± 3 yrs) performed rapid, maximal isometric contractions of the PFs. PT, as well as rate of torque development and impulse during the early (0–50 ms; RTD_0-50, IMP_0-50) and late (100–200 ms; RTD_100-200, IMP_{100-200 …}

Use Of A Novel Whole-Body Imaging Approach To Predict Resting Metabolic Rates In Athletes, Nicole Vencil

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Prediction of energy expenditure allows for calculation of appropriate energy requirements, which is especially important for athletes. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the greatest contributor to total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and is typically measured via indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry is not always available, which results in the need for predictive equations. Most predictive equations have been developed with participants resembling the general population and have not been found to be appropriate for athletes, as they may incorrectly predict RMR due to the unique differences of body composition between athletes and the general population. The purpose of the present study …

Dietary Choline Supplementation Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Mice, Amanda L. Brown, Kelsey Conrad, Daniela S. Allende, Anthony D. Gromovsky, Renliang Zhang, Chase K. Neumann, A. Phillip Owens, Michael Tranter, Robert N. Helsley

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Choline deficiency has been well studied in the context of liver disease; however, less is known about the effects of choline supplementation in HCC. Objective: The objective of this study was to test whether choline supplementation could influence the progression of HCC in a high-fat-diet (HFD)-driven mouse model. Methods: Four-day-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with the chemical carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and were randomly assigned at weaning to a cohort fed an HFD (60% kcal fat) or an HFD with supplemental choline (60% kcal fat, …

Integrating Survivors Of Stroke Into Cardiac Rehabilitation, Elizabeth Wherley Regan

Theses and Dissertations

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States (U.S.). Impairments after stroke typically result in reduced physical activity which increases the risk for stroke recurrence and the development or worsening of comorbid health conditions. Physical activity and exercise behaviors can reduce cardiovascular risk factors and improve endurance for survivors of stroke. Despite these known significant benefits, survivors of stroke face barriers to participating in regular physical activity due to limited self-efficacy, safety concerns, environmental restrictions and lack of accessible community programs.

Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is a structured exercise and behavior modification program for people with cardiovascular disease …

Piloting A Smartphone-Based Sedentary Behavior Reduction Intervention For Adults With Overweight Or Obesity: Take A Stand 4 Health, Chelsea Larsen

Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown a relationship between sedentary behavior as an independent and novel risk factor for high blood pressure. However, most of the evidence comes from cross-sectional and experimental studies, with only a few studies examining whether blood pressure is improved in individuals participating in a behavioral intervention. None of these studies utilized mHealth approaches, which hold potential for behavioral interventions, and none have focused on individuals with hypertension as a part of their target population. Therefore, the purpose of the dissertation was to 1) Examine the efficacy of a smartphone-mediated multi-component sedentary behavior reduction intervention for individuals …

Lipoprotein Discordance: Associations With Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, And Response To Exercise, Jonathan Joseph Pulama Kupaianaha Ruiz-Ramie

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To compare baseline CVD risk factor profiles among groups of individuals with discordant levels of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C respectively) compared to lipoprotein particle concentration (HDL-P and LDL-P respectively) and examine the associations between lipoprotein discordance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Furthermore, to examine the association between lipoprotein discordance and exercise induced changes in CVD risk factors.

Methods: Standard lipid panels as well as lipoprotein subclass profiles via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were measured among three previously completed studies (CARDIA cohort, HERITAGE Family Study, and HART-D study) spanning over …

Efficacy Of A Motivational Video On Heart Rate, Rpe, And Total Work Performed During Stationary Cycling, Hannah Angelella

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Sedentary lifestyles are a very common way of life for 21st century Americans. Lack of enjoyment and motivation are two common factors that deter people from engaging in physical activity and exercise on a regular basis (1). However, it has been found that visual stimulation may help motivate or distract from exertion (2–4). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of watching a motivational video (Tour de France (MV)) versus a calming video (Bob Ross painting (PV)) while cycling. Ten recreationally active subjects from the University of Lynchburg staff, faculty, and student population partook in a within-subjects …

Analysis Of The Activation Of Upper Extremity Muscles During Various Chest Press Modalities, Jamison Christian, Sydney Gothart, Harrison Graham, Katelyn Barganier

Research Horizons Day Posters

No abstract provided.

Association Of Drowning Mortality With Preventive Interventions: A Quarter Of A Million Deaths Evaluation In Brazil, David Szpilman, Danielli B. Mello, Ana Catarina Queiroga, Rogerio Ferreira Emygdio Rfe

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

In 2015, drowning in Brazil was responsible for 6,043 deaths and was the second leading cause of death in children. Although several prevention strategies have been promoted to reduce drowning, most are still based on low levels of evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prevention and water safety interventions in reducing drowning mortality. Data obtained from the National Mortality System for 36 years were split in two time periods to allow the comparison of drowning mortality numbers before and after implementation of SOBRASA’s drowning prevention and water safety programs and to check for any positive effects attributable to such …

The Effects Of Strength And Conditioning On Functional Movement Screen™ Scores In Secondary School Basketball., Rollin Ross Dexter, Christopher P. Renggli, James May, Lindsay Larkins

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Injury prevention and mitigation are among the primary responsibilities of Athletic Trainers. Research has indicated that basketball players at the secondary-school level suffer up to 2.1 time loss injuries (TLI) per 1,000 athletic exposures (AE). It has been suggested that Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) composite and individual task scores may help determine injury risk. Researchers have suggested that a variety of strength and conditioning strategies may positively alter both composite and individual FMS™ task scores and reduce movement asymmetry. Methods: During a retrospective analysis of the records of all junior varsity and varsity basketball players at one secondary school …

Effective Treatment Of An Apparent Lateral Ankle Sprain Using A Regional Interdependent Approach With Positional Release Therapy And Mulligan Concept, Joshua K. Underwood

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Objective: Present a pair of clinical cases demonstrating the utilization of regional interdependent (RI) evaluation and treatment in an apparent lateral ankle sprain. The utilization of both Positional Release Therapy (PRT) and Mulligan Concept (MC) on secondary school athletes with an apparent acute lateral ankle sprain are presented. Background: Lateral ankle sprains are a common injury in athletics. While the MC has been shown to be an effective manual therapy in ankle sprains, if the treatment is not pain-free it is considered not warranted. The concept of RI attempts to connect apparently unconnected dysfunctions within the body which collectively contribute …

Student Athlete Perceptions Of Athletic Trainers’ Competence Based On Appearance And Dress, Jennifer J. Rogers

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Context: Physical appearance and dress attire may be a major influence on a person’s perception of an individual’s professional competence. Objective: To examine influence of Athletic Trainer (AT) physical appearance and dress attire on student-athletes’ perception of an AT’s competence. Design: Cross-Sectional Study Setting: NATA District 5 Participants: Student athletes (n=156; female: n=71; male: n=78) from NCAA Division III and NAIA institutions participated in the study. Interventions: Participants viewed one of four Body Mass Index (BMI) specific AT images [underweight BMI=18, normal weight BMI=24, overweight BMI=30, or an obese BMI=36] while answering 36 Student Athlete Response (SAR) Form survey questions …

The Effectiveness Of An Infrapatellar Strap On Reducing Pain Associated With Patellar Tendinopathy, Jenny Toonstra, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of an infrapatellar strap on pain reduction in participants with patellar tendinopathy. Methods: Articles were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, and SportDiscus using the string “((((patellar tendinitis OR patellar tendinopathy))) AND ((cho-pat strap OR infrapatellar strap OR compression device OR brace))) AND pain” from January 2009-January 2019, resulting in nine studies. After a review of the title and abstracts, six studies were reviewed in-depth. Of these articles, four studies met the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers assessed the level of evidence of included studies using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (2009). Changes in pain …

Comparisons Of Muscle Strength, Size, And Neuromuscular Function In Pre- And Post-Pubescent Males And Females, Zachary M. Gillen

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of muscle strength, size, and neuromuscular function of the forearm flexors in pre- and post-pubescent males and females. Forty pre-pubescent (mean ± 95% confidence interval, age = 9.79 ± 0.35 yrs, n = 10 males, n = 10 females) and post-pubescent (age = 17.23 ± 0.58 yrs, n = 10 males, n = 10 females) participants completed this study. Biceps brachii muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle volume (MV) were quantified from ultrasound images. Participants completed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the forearm flexors and extensors, and submaximal isometric step …

A 24 Hour Naproxen Dose On Gastrointestinal Distress And Performance During Cycling In The Heat, Dawn M. Emerson, J Mark Davis, Stephen Cl Chen, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee, Craig E. Pfeifer, Charles C. Emerson, Joseph D. Bivona, Justin V. Stone

Faculty Publications

Using a double-blind, randomized and counterbalanced, cross-over design, we assessed naproxen's effects on gastrointestinal (GI) distress and performance in eleven volunteers (6 male, 5 female). Participants completed 4 trials: 1) placebo and ambient); 2) placebo and heat; 3) naproxen and ambient; and 4) naproxen and heat. Independent variables were one placebo or 220 mg naproxen pill every 8 h (h) for 24 h and ambient (22.7 ± 1.8°C) or thermal environment (35.7 ± 1.3°C). Participants cycled 80 min at a steady heart rate then 10 min for maximum distance. Perceived exertion was measured throughout cycling. Gastrointestinal distress was assessed pre-, …

The Basics Of Training For Muscle Size And Strength: A Brief Review On The Theory, Samuel L. Buckner, Matthew B. Jessee, Grant J. Mouser, Scott J. Dankel, Kevin T. Mattocks, Zachary W. Bell, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P. Loenneke

Faculty Scholarship

The periodization of resistance exercise is often touted as the most effective strategy for optimizing muscle size and strength adaptations. This narrative persists despite a lack of experimental evidence to demonstrate its superiority. In addition, the general adaptation syndrome, which provides the theoretical framework underlying periodization, does not appear to provide a strong physiological rationale that periodization is necessary. Hans Selye conducted a series of rodent studies which used toxic stressors to facilitate the development of the general adaptation syndrome. To our knowledge, normal exercise in humans has never been shown to produce a general adaptation syndrome. We question whether …

Examining Group Differences In Emotion Regulation Strategies And The State And Trait Anxiety Of Lifeguards And Non-Lifeguards In A Real-World Precompetitive Situation, Hannah Calverley, Dr Paul Davis, Dr Jack Harvey, Dr Christopher Mesagno

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences, between swimmer-lifeguards and swimmer-non-lifeguards, in trait and state anxiety and emotion regulation techniques in a real-life precompetitive situation with a secondary focus on gender differences. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Sport Anxiety Scale – 2 and the Mental Readiness Form – 3 were distributed to 100 participants at university swimming competitions in the United Kingdom. Swimmer-lifeguards displayed significantly lower cognitive (p=.03) and somatic state (p=.05) anxiety and cognitive trait anxiety (p=.02) than swimmer-non-lifeguards. Males reported significantly lower levels of cognitive and somatic trait anxiety (ppp=.01); no …

Temporal Trends In The Standing Broad Jump Performance Of United States Children And Adolescents, Bridget K. Pinoniemi, Grant R. Tomkinson, Tanis J. Walch, James N. Roemmich, John S. Fitzgerald

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Purpose: To estimate temporal trends in broad jump performance for United States youth, a marker of muscular fitness and health.

Method: Electronic databases, topical systematic reviews, and personal libraries were systematically searched for studies reporting descriptive standing broad jump data for apparently healthy United States youth (age 10–17 years). Temporal trends at the sex-age level were estimated using sample-weighted regression models associating the year of testing to mean jump performance, with national trends standardized to the year 1985 using a post-stratified population-weighting procedure.

Results: Collectively, there was a small increase of 12.6 cm (95%CI: 12.5 to 12.7) or 7.9% (95%CI: …

Developing A Research Agenda In Applied Exercise Science, Kenneth P. Clark

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Exercise In Thermal Inversions: Pm2.5 Air Pollution Effects On Pulmonary Function And Aerobic Performance, Dale R. Wagner, Daniel C. Brandley

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Introduction Wintertime thermal inversions can lead to the accumulation of small particulate matter (PM_2.5). Despite an association between respiratory hospital admissions and elevated PM_2.5 levels, many people continue to exercise outdoors during inversions. This study compared pulmonary function and exercise performance during periods of low and high ambient PM_2.5 concentrations. Methods Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were measured outdoors before and after two 3200 m running time trials: one with low ambient PM_2.5 (0.6–14.7 microgram·m^-3), and the other during high PM_2.5 (19.1–42.5 micrograms·m^-3). A 10 …

Practitioner Perceptions Regarding The Practices Of Soccer Substitutes, Samuel P. Hills, Jon N. Radcliffe, Martin J. Barwood, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Carlton B. Cooke, Mark Russell

Faculty Publications

Despite empirical observations suggesting that practitioners value the use of substitutions during soccer match-play, limited research has sought to substantiate such claims. This study used online surveys to assess the perceptions of practitioners within professional soccer about the use and practices of substitutes. Thirty-three practitioners completed one of two surveys (each requiring both open and closed questions to be answered), depending upon whether their primary role related mostly to tactical (‘tactical practitioners’; n = 7) or physical (‘physical practitioners’; n = 26) aspects of player/team management. Thematic content analysis of responses identified four higher-order themes: ‘impact of substitutions’, ‘planning and …

Limb Occlusion Pressure: A Method To Assess Changes In Systolic Blood Pressure, Zachary W. Bell, Matthew B. Jessee, Kevin T. Mattocks, Samuel L. Buckner, Scott J. Dankel, J. Grant Mouser, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P. Loenneke

Faculty Scholarship

Although often used as a surrogate, comparisons between traditional blood pressure measurements and limb occlusion assessed via hand-held Doppler have yet to be completed. Using limb occlusion pressure as a method of assessing systolic pressure is of interest to those studying the acute effects of blood flow restriction, where the removal of the cuff may alter the physiological response. Purpose: We sought to determine how changes in limb occlusion pressure track with changes in traditional assessments of blood pressure. Basic Procedures: Limb occlusion pressure measured by hand-held Doppler and blood pressure measured by an automatic blood pressure cuff were assessed …

Approaches To Teaching In Kinesiology, Bryan L. Haddock

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

This is a syllabus for a new class in the semester system for the Kinesiology department. The syllabus is for KINE 4700, Clinical Exercise Physiology. This course upper division course will review common clinical diseases, disorders, and conditions. Students will review the epidemiology, physiology, and pathophysiology of these conditions. Students will participate in active learning activities, such as the development of videos, in which students will demonstrate and explain how different exercise movements will be utilized. The course will follow an outline derived from information gained in the textbook from the world’s premier sports medicine organization, The American College of …

Early-Morning And Late-Night Maximal Runs: Metabolic And Perceived Exertion Outcomes, Jenna L. Carducci, Matthew J. Garver, Whitley J. Stone, Meera Penumetcha, Dustin W. Davis, Nicolas M. Philipp, Josie N. Hair

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• People may exercise at the ends of their day to fit activity into their schedule; the purpose of this investigation was to determine if metabolic or perceived exertion outcomes differed between maximal runs early in the morning and late at night.
• After consuming a standardized, glucose drink, thirteen recreationally active individuals completed an early-morning and a late-night run on the treadmill while researchers measured metabolic (aerobic capacity and substrate usage) and perceived exertion outcomes.
• Point of application #1: Aerobic capacity (maximal consumption of oxygen) and the usage of fat as a fuel to support energy production during exercise were …

Guidelines For Reviewers: Topics In Exercise Science And Kinesiology, James W. Navalta, Donald L. Hoover, Robert Salatto, Whitley J. Stone, Scott Lyons Phd

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide for evaluators who agree to review work submitted to Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology.
• To assist evaluators, a Reviewer Rubric has been created with the following sections: Title Page and Abstract, Introduction and Methods Page, Point of Application Page(s), Other Considerations, and Reviewer Decisions.
• Point of application: Reviewing the Title and Abstract page – rubric shared for title, author list, affiliations, the abstract, and key words.
• Point of application: Reviewing the Introduction and Methods page – evaluation of introductory paragraph, paragraph for methodology and/or results.
• Point of …

Ground Contact Time Imbalances Strongly Related To Impaired Running Economy, Dustin P. Joubert, Nicholas A. Guerra, Eric J. Jones, Erica G. Knowles, Aaron D. Piper

Faculty Publications

Running economy (RE) is defined as the oxygen consumption (VO2) or caloric unit cost required to move at a specific velocity and is an important performance marker. Ground contact time (GCT) has been associated with RE; however, it has not been established how GCT imbalances between feet impact RE. Purpose: Determine the relationship between cadence, GCT, and GCT imbalances and RE. Methods: 11 NCAA Division I distance runners (7 male) completed a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine lactate threshold (LT) and VO2max. Body composition was also assessed via DEXA. Subjects ran with a heart rate monitor capable …

Comparison Of Post-Activation Potentiating Stimuli On Jump And Sprint Performance, Aaron D. Piper, Dustin P. Joubert, Eric J. Jones, Malcom T. Whitehead

Faculty Publications

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon characterized by improved muscle performance based on the previous contractile activity of the muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different potentiating stimuli on jump and sprint performance in 13 resistance trained, college-aged men and women. After determining back squat 1 repetition max, subjects returned for testing on separate days to complete one of four interventions (dynamic resistance, weighted plyometric, isometric, or control) in a randomized order. A standardized warmup was performed, followed by a baseline countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20m sprint. Following warm-up and baseline measurements, subjects performed …

How Exercise Impacts The Brain And Cognition, Cody Larson

Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects

Physical exercise has been shown to impact the brains composition and functionality. The changes that arise in the structure of brain, as result of engaging in physical exercise, give rise to cognitive changes. Structural changes are observed most notably in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These changes are preceded by elevations in cerebral blood flow, and growth factors, resulting increased neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Frequency, duration, intensity, and type of physical exercise can have differing effects on the brain. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise presents the most profound improvements in memory, and inhibitory control over time.

Heart Rate And Rating Of Perceived Exertion During High-Intensity Interval Training: Implications For Prescribing Intensity, Emily R. Dunston, Alan Coelho, Katie Taylor

2020 Symposium Posters

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a popular and effective time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. However, there is limited research investigating the most effective and practical way to prescribe training intensities for HIIT. PURPOSE: To determine heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses across a bout of HIIT. Additionally, the relationship between HR and RPE was examined. METHODS: Young adults (n=16; age 21.8±1.4 years; 10 females) visited the lab on two separate occasions. At the first visit, participants completed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak power output (PPO). …