Exercise Science Commons^™

Immediate Effect Of Heel-Pain Orthosis And An Augmented Low-Dye Taping On Plantar Pressures And Pain In Subjects With Plantar Fasciitis, Tracy Andus

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Research has been done investigating plantar pressures and pain in subjects with pathologies after the application of orthoses and arch taping. To date, however, no study has been conducted investigating plantar pressures and pain in subjects with plantar fasciitis after the application of the augmented low-dye taping (ALD) in comparison to a heel-pain orthosis (HPO). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the ALD in comparison to a HPO on pain, peak plantar pressure (PPP), and mean plantar pressure (MPP) under multiple areas of the foot in subjects with plantar fasciitis while walking and jogging. …

The Effects Of Isolated Hamstring Fatigue On Jump Landing In Healthy Recreational Athletes, Kristen Anne Phillips

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The musculature of the lower extremity provides dynamic stability during daily and athletic tasks. In landing tasks, the lower extremity absorbs forces and reduces excessive stresses and motions that are placed upon the body. Neuromuscular fatigue has been linked to an increase in injury and altered kinematics during jump landing tasks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of hamstring fatigue on knee and hip kinematics pre and post hamstrings fatigue while landing from a box drop of 30cm height, during the stop-jump phase. The study aimed to quantify the kinematic data of the hip and knee …

Development Of A Prone Bridge Test As A Measurement Of Abdominal Stability In Healthy Adults, Joel D. Reece

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract This study sought to develop an interval prone bridge fitness test to assess core stabilization in healthy adults (ages 18–39 years). Participants performed a prone bridge maneuver in alternating 15-sec work and 5-sec rest intervals with participants' RPE scores (0–10) recorded at the end of each work interval. The RPE score reported after 95 sec (RPE-95) was used to predict total interval prone bridge endurance time along with participants' self-reported level of physical activity (PA; sedentary = 0, low active = 1, active = 2, very active = 3). Multiple linear regression was employed to generate the following prediction …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of High-Resistance Cycle Training And Leg Press On The Wingate Anaerobic Test, Strength, And Time-Trial Performance, Aaron W. Stites

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare high-resistance cycle training (HRCT) with resistance training (RT), and their effects on Wingate anaerobic test watt max (Wmax) and watt average (Wave), strength (improvement in 1 repetition max [RM]), and time-trial performance. Twenty-five healthy college-age untrained male subjects were randomly assigned to the HRCT (n=10), RT (n=10), or control (n=5) group. All subjects completed pre and posttesting for the leg press (LP), 30 s Wingate anaerobic test, and 15-min time-trial. Subjects also completed familiarization tests prior to pretesting in the Wingate anaerobic test and 15-min time-trial. HRCT and RT subjects trained 2x/wk …

A Comparison Of The U.S. Air Force Fitness Test And Sister Services' Combat-Oriented Fitness Tests, Thomas E. Worden

Theses and Dissertations

This research explores how the United States Air Force Physical Fitness Test (AFPFT) events compare to sister-services' physical fitness test events with respect to their predictability of combat capability. Multiple regression tools, non-parametric analyses, and chi² contingency table hypothesis testing were utilized to test hypotheses about performances and determine associations between involved variables. AFPFT scores had minimal predictability (adj R² 0.2045) [but improved when raw data replaced scoring sheets, pushups have no maximum, and abdominal circumference and age are removed (adj R² 0.7703)]. Higher Body Mass Index (BMI) predicts higher combat capability (p-value 0.0208). The best two-event …

The Effect Touches, Post Touches, And Dribbles Have On Offense For Men's Division I Basketball, Kim T. Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects touches per play, post touches per play, and dribbles to end a play (DEP) have on points per play, field goal percentage, turnovers, and fouls. This was done to provide empirical evidence on anecdotal theories held by coaches concerning ball movement, dribbles, and post touches. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models. This study reports some intriguing trends. First, exceeding nine passes and three dribbles to end a play results in a decrease in points per play and field goal percentage. Second, up to three dribbles into …

The Treatment Effect Of Cryotherapy, Compression, A Tobacco Poultice, And The Polymem Sportswrap R On An Experimentally Induced Bruise, Jeremy R. Hawkins

Theses and Dissertations

Context: It is common practice to treat musculoskeletal injury acutely with cryotherapy with compression. A tobacco poultice and the SportsWrap are touted as effective acute care treatments, yet are unproven. Objective: Compare four treatments (cryotherapy with compression, compression alone, a tobacco poultice, and the SportsWrap) of an experimentally induced bruise to determine their effectiveness at limiting bruise formation, thereby decreasing overall bruise duration. Design: Randomized, controlled, blinded trial. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: 64 male participants (height: 180.2±6.4cm, weight: 78.0±16.2kg, age: 22.1±2.8yrs) volunteered. Participants committed to not exercise during participation and were free of medication affecting coagulation or inflammation at least …

Department Of Cardiac Function In Lcad Deficient Mice After A Single Bout Of Endurance Exercise, Evan M. Lord

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Fatty acids are the primary fuel source for cardiac tissue in both humans and animals. These become especially important during times of starvation and long bouts of exercise. Fatty acids are broken down into smaller, useable acyl-CoA subunits through a process called beta-oxidation. The first step in this process must be catalyzed by one of four acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzymes depending on the length of the fatty acid to be metabolized. The enzyme that catalyzes the break-down of long-chain fatty acids, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), was examined. The objective of this study was to determine how a single bout of endurance …

The Effect Of Fatigue On Reactive Strength In Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Individuals, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Reliability Of Forces During Variations Of Plyometric Exercises, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Quantifying The Onset Of The Concentric Phase Of The Force–Time Record During Jumping, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Fatigue On Dynamic Balance After Maximum Intensity Cross Country Skiing, Phillip B. Watts, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Reliability Of Time To Stabilization In Single Leg Standing, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Peak Velocity Of Nordic Ski Double Pole Technique: Stand-Up Vs. Sit Skiing, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Bilateral Or Single Leg Landing On Knee Kinematics, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Participation And Determinants Of Physical Activity Amongst Irish 3rd Level Students., Jonathan Lerner

Theses

Currently, there is a dearth of research investigating physical activity patterns among Irish third level young adults (17-22 year olds). Both national and international research report that levels of physical activity decline in adolescence, this trend being most pronounced among females. Various biological, psychological, social, and environmental determinants have been found to influence physical activity; however, specific factors associated with the decline in activity during adolescence remain largely unknown. This research study examines participation and determinants of physical activity among Irish third level students.

A “National questionnaire” was administered to a sample of 532 students from Health Education Authority (HEA) …

Interrupted Resistance Training And Bmd In Growing Rats, J. K. Godfrey, B. D. Kayser, G. V. Gomez, Jason Bennett, S. V. Jaque, Ken D. Sumida

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

A resistance training program, where the exercise was uninterrupted (UT, i.e. continuous repetitions) was compared against another resistance training program where the exercise was interrupted (IT, i.e. 2 exercise sessions during a training day) for enhancing bone modeling and bone mineral density (BMD) in maturating animals. The total volume of work performed between the two resistance training programs was equivalent by design. Young male rats (similar to 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into Control (Con, n = 8), UT (n = 8) and IT (n = 7) resistance trained groups. The UT and IT groups were conditioned to climb …

Increased Strength And Physical Performance With Eccentric Training In Women With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A Pilot Study, Robin L. Marcus, Paul C. Lastayo, Leland E. Dibble, Laura Hill, Donald A. Mcclain

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Background: Menopause is associated with both a loss of muscle mass and a worsening of insulin sensitivity (IS). Although eccentric resistance exercise (ECC) can effectively improve muscle mass over time, a single bout of ECC can worsen IS. This study assessed the effect of repeated ECC on IS, muscle mass, and function in postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods: Sixteen PM women (aged 56 years +/- 6.4) with IGT were randomly assigned to a 12-week, knee extensor ECC program (n = 10) or a nonexercise control group (CON) (n = 6). Participants underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, dual-energy …

The Relationship Between Frequency Of Physical Activity And Stereotypical Behaviors Among Adolescents With Autism, Justin M. Keyes

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Neurophysiological Reflex Mechanisms’ Lack Of Contribution To The Success Of Pnf Stretches, J. Brent Feland, Sterling C. Hilton, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, Ulrike H. Mitchell, J. William Myrer

Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretches are widely used in athletics and rehabilitation. Although it has been shown that they produce better range-of-motion (ROM) increases than the slow or static stretch, the mechanisms responsible remain an enigma. This study was conducted to determine whether the previously proposed neurophysiological mechanisms of reciprocal inhibition and autogenic inhibition are responsible for the success of PNF stretches. In addition, the authors assessed the existence of the phenomenon of successive induction because it is used to strengthen reciprocal inhibition. Methods: Eighteen subjects 17–44 y performed the PNF stretches contract–relax (CR) and contract–relax, agonist …

Hyperthermic Fatigue Precedes A Rapid Reduction In Serum Sodium In An Ironman Triathlete: A Case Report, Paul Laursen, Greig Watson, Christopher Abbiss, Bradley A. Wall, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Exercise Intervention Targeting Cardiovascular And Metabolic Risk Factors For Prostate Cancer Patients From The Radar Trial, Daniel Galvao, Nigel Spry, Dennis Taaffe, James Denham, David Joseph, David Lamb, Gregory Levin, Gillian Duchesne, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs pre 2011

Androgen deprivation therapy leads to a number of adverse effects including deterioration of the musculoskeletal system and increased risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic complications. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects, efficacy, retention and compliance of a physical exercise intervention in a large established cohort of prostate cancer patients from the Randomised Androgen Deprivation and Radiotherapy (RADAR) study. Specifically, we aim to compare short- and long-term effects of a prostate cancer-specific supervised exercise program to a standard public health physical activity strategy utilizing printed resources on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Our primary outcomes are cardiorespiratory …

A Phase Iii Clinical Trial Of Exercise Modalities On Treatment Side-Effects In Men Receiving Therapy For Prostate Cancer, Robert Newton, Dennis Taaffe, Nigel Spry, Robert Gardiner, Gregory Levin, Bradley Wall, David Joseph, Suzanne K. Chambers, Daniel Galvao

Research outputs pre 2011

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is accompanied by a number of adverse side effects including reduced bone mass and increased risk for fracture, reduced lean mass and muscle strength, mood disturbance and increased fat mass compromising physical functioning, independence, and quality of life. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effects of long term exercise on reversing musculoskeletal-related side effects, and cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors in men receiving androgen deprivation for their prostate cancer. Specifically, we aim to investigate the effects of a 12-month exercise program designed to load the musculoskeletal system and reduce cardiovascular and diabetes …

The Short-Term Effect Of Whole Body Vibration Training On Sprint Start Performance In Collegiate Athletes, J. Brent Feland, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, Brad Roberts

Faculty Publications

Whole body vibration (WBV) is characterized by a vibratory stimulus emitted throughout the body through the use of a vibrating platform on which the subject stands. Studies have shown over 30% increases in maximal explosive strength such as maximal speed biceps curl as well as increases in maximum dynamic force such as maximal sitting bench pull as the result of vibration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short term whole-body vibration on sprint starts among collegiate track athletes. On the first day eleven subjects were randomly assigned to either a non-vibration or vibration group for …

The Influence Of Concurrent Visual Feedback During Treadmill Training In Parkinson’S Disease, Rose Ellen Johnston

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Walking is an exercise that has been thought to benefit Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a laboratory setting treadmills have been employed to successfully improve certain aspects of gait in PD (Cakit et al., 2007, Fisher et al., 2008, Herman et al., 2007, Miyai et al., 2000, Miyai et al., 2002, Pohl et al., 2003). Research has also indicated that walking with visual cues can improve aspects of gait that are impaired in PD (Azulay et al., 1999, Bagely et al., 1997, Nieuwboer et al., 2007), however, the integration of visual cues and treadmill training has yet to be studied. Thus, …

Effects Of Estrogen Receptor Activation On Post-Exercise Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation, Kareem Bunyan

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study investigated the role of estrogen receptor activation on total and proliferating satellite cells following running exercise in rats, by using an estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) specific agonist, 4,4,4 (4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT). PPT is the first ER-α specific agonist (Stauffer et al 2000) which binds the ER-a subtype with a 410-greater affinity than ER-β (Stauffer et al 2000). Previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen can augment muscle satellite cell numbers following exercise (Enns and Tiidus, 2008) and that this augmentation may be due to mechanisms activated via estrogen receptors that can influence total, proliferating, and differentiating satellite cell numbers (Enns …

Quantifying The Onset Of The Concentric Phase Of The Force–Time Record During Jumping, S.K. Leissring, William Ebben, Luke Garceau, Erich Petushek, R.L. Jensen

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Thirteen college students performed a drop jump from height equal to their peak vertical jump, single leg jumps from the left and right legs, and a counter movement jump. Vertical ground reaction force (GRF) obtained via an AMTI force plate and video analysis of markers placed on the hip, knee, lateral malleolus, and fifth metatarsal were used to estimate reaction forces on the knee joint. One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA indicated no differences for knee joint reaction forces relative to body weight or peak GRF for any of the jumps (p > 0.05). Average measures Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ranged from r = …

An Examination Of Intercollegiate Athletic Injury Tracking Systems Within Canadian Universities, Andrew D. Ross

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Information regarding the practice of athletic injury tracking within Canadian intercollegiate institutions has been relatively deficient. The study aimed to assess the current status of athletic injury tracking systems (AITS) in Canadian universities within the Canadian Interuniversity Sport Association (CIS). A secondary purpose was to obtain data from therapists within Canadian Universities, to identify and analyze issues, benefits, barriers and obtain information regarding how athletic injury tracking methods are conducted. This was achieved by obtaining data regarding the current state of AITS in CIS institutions, clinical demographics, athletic therapists and/or physiotherapists’ opinions regarding the pro’s and con’s of athletic injury …