Exercise Science Commons^™

Effect Of Exercise Training On Lipoprotein Subclass Particle Concentrations And Sizes In Older Women: Results From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ryan R. Porter, Joshua R. Sparks, J. Larry Durstine, Sabra S. Custer, Raymond W. Thompson, Xuewen Wang

Faculty Publications

Background: Evidence suggests that lipoprotein subclass particles are critical markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Older women have increased CVD risk related to age. The purpose of this study was to determine whether low and moderate doses of exercise influence lipoprotein subclasses. Methods: Women (60–75 years) were randomized into groups for 16 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training at a low or moderate dose (33.6 and 58.8 kJ/kg body weight weekly, respectively). Lipoprotein subclasses were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after the training. RESULTS: The average weekly exercise duration was 109 and 164 min, for low- and moderate-dose …

Effect Of Menstrual Cycle And Contraceptive Pill Phase On Aspects Of Exercise Physiology And Athletic Performance In Female Athletes: Protocol For The Feminae International Multisite Innovative Project, Kirsty J. Elliott Sale, Tessa R. Flood, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Eimear Dolan, Bryan Saunders, Mette Hansen, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Ritva S. Mikkonen, Clare Minahan, Jane S. Thornton, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Constance M. Lebrun, Craig Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Paul A. Swinton, Anthony C. Hackney

Faculty Publications

The idiom € more high-quality research is needed' has become the slogan for sport and exercise physiology-based research in female athletes. However, in most instances, it is challenging to address this gap of high-quality research in elite female athletes at a single study site due to challenges in recruiting enough participants with numerous menstrual cycle and contraceptive pill permutations. Accordingly, we have assembled an international multisite team to undertake an innovative project for female athletes, which investigates the effects of changes in endogenous and exogenous oestrogen and progesterone/progestins across the menstrual cycle and in response to second-generation combined monophasic contraceptive …

Causes And Consequences Of The Risk Of Generalizability Biases In Health Behavioral Interventions, Lauren Von Klinggraeff

Theses and Dissertations

Preliminary testing of health behavior interventions (e.g., pilot, feasibility studies) are used to evaluate intervention viability prior to additional testing and resource investment (e.g., larger trials). This initial testing provides valuable information, but promising estimates of effectiveness produced during early testing are rarely reproduced in larger studies, stalling the development of effective, scalable health interventions. In the obesity intervention literature, external validity biases, features of the intervention that are not (or cannot) transfer to the larger study, are associated with these diminished effects. These study features, such who delivers the intervention, the characteristics of the population receiving the intervention or …

Sleep, Physical Activity, And Sedentary Time In The First Year Postpartum, Erin Elizabeth Kishman

Theses and Dissertations

The postpartum period is a unique time for women, where many women experience changes in sleep and activity patterns. Sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time have all been associated with health outcomes, but there is limited research on how these behaviors change throughout the postpartum period. The purpose of the first aim (Study 1) of this dissertation was to examine trajectories of sleep characteristics in Black and White women during the first year postpartum and to examine if there were any racial differences. The purpose of the second aim (Study 2) was to examine trajectories of the percentage of time …

Predictors Of Driving Performance Post-Stroke, Halle Elise Prine

Theses and Dissertations

Driving is a complex skill involving the interaction of various brain functions, making it challenging to determine the independent contributions of each process to driving proficiency. While past studies have identified assessments such as the Useful Field of View Test (UFOV) and the Trial Making Test (TMT) as strong predictors for driving skills, little research has explored the impact of visual search and movement inhibition on driving after stroke. This cross-sectional study includes participants between the ages of 21 to 80 years with residual disability caused by a unilateral middle cerebral artery stroke at least six months prior. The participants …

Effects Of Caffeine On Measures Of Clinical Outcome And Recovery Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In Adolescents, Jacob Michael Eade

Theses and Dissertations

OBJECTIVE: The overarching purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of habitual caffeine consumption on mTBI outcomes in adolescents. BACKGROUND: Adolescents who suffer an mTBI have an increased risk for neurological impairment and symptomology. Thus, it is important to elucidate modifiable lifestyle factors that have the potential to influence injury outcomes and recovery. Caffeine is a legal psychoactive compound prevalent among the adolescent population. Marketed as an ergogenic aid caffeine coincides with recreational activities where incidence of mTBI is high. However, no human study has explored the influence of caffeine consumption on mTBI pathology. It was hypothesized that …

The Role Of Environmental Context In Supporting Children’S 24- Hour Movement Behaviors; A Positive Deviance Perspective, Roddrick Dugger

Theses and Dissertations

Background: During summer, children display less favorable movement behaviors than the school year. To investigate the role of environmental context in supporting children’s ability to meet the 24-hour Movement Guidelines (i.e., Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity: ≥ 60 minutes, Sleep duration: 9-11 hours, Screen Time: ≤ 2 hours), this dissertation had three primary aims: 1) Utilize the Positive Deviance Framework to identify unique practices and resources that enabled children to meet guidelines, 2) Examine potential associations between the neighborhood built and social environment with movement behaviors by household poverty experience, and 3) Identify specific features of the family and home environment that …

Leveraging Church Environments To Promote Rural Physical Activity And Healthy Eating, Kelsey Rothera Day

Theses and Dissertations

Rural residents experience a greater burden of chronic disease related to physical inactivity and poor diet than their urban counterparts. A promising strategy to improve these health behaviors in rural areas is to leverage existing structures that may support physical activity and healthy eating, such as churches, in public health interventions. Three studies were conducted as part of this dissertation. They were designed to: 1) examine whether the walkability and healthy food density of neighborhoods surrounding rural and urban churches are associated with race, socioeconomic status, and rural/urban status; 2) examine rural church leaders’ views on the role of faith-based …

Mechanisms Of Social Stress Susceptibility And Resilience In Female Rats, Brittany Sara Pate

Theses and Dissertations

Social stress is the most common form of stress humans experience and often precipitates the onset of several comorbidities, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and cardiovascular diseases. While many individuals experience social stress and can respond, cope, and recover, some individuals are more likely to develop subsequent health conditions. Importantly, women are particularly susceptible to stress-related disorders, and the prevalence rates for these comorbid conditions are 2-3-fold higher among females compared to males. Epidemiological data suggest that cycling ovarian hormones may play a role in promoting stress susceptibility in females. Therefore, the current studies aimed to examine the effects …

Effects Of Fucoidan Supplementation On Inflammatory And Immune Response After High-Intensity Exercise, Bridget A. Mcfadden, Caroline S. Vincenty, Akexa J. Chandler, Harry P. Cintineo, Blaine S. Lints, Gianna F. Mastrofini, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak

Faculty Publications

Introduction: High-intensity exercise (HIE) can damage the musculotendon complex and impact the immune response, resulting in post-exercise inflammation. Sufficient rest and recovery will improve muscular resilience against future damaging bouts; however, HIE with minimal durations of rest is common in athletic competitions that facilitate persistent inflammation and immune dysregulation. Fucoidans are fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and pro-immune responses. Fucoidans may improve inflammation and immune responses, which may prove beneficial for individuals who regularly engage in repeated HIE. The research purpose was to investigate the safety and efficacy of fucoidans on inflammatory and immune markers following HIE. Methods: Eight …

Effect Of Action Selection Demands On The Execution Of Goal-Directed Reaches, James Garrison Riedy

Theses and Dissertations

A well-studied model of cognitive motor function is the process of action selection. It is unclear how the planning demands of a reaching movement interact with the added complexity of s election. Therefore, this thesis investigated the effect of adding selection demands to the performance of skilled reaches in a virtual environment. Thirty young, healthy participants reached ipsilaterally or contralaterally with either their dominant (right hand) or non-dominant (left hand) under two conditions: execute only (EO) and action selection (AS). Selection accuracy was higher for the EO condition than the AS condition for both arms and both directions (left arm: …

An Examination Of Inter-Limb Functional Asymmetry After A Fatiguing Bout Of Exercise In High Level Soccer Players, Nestor Urrea

Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Inter-limb functional asymmetries greater than 15% have been linked to a greater incidence of injury. Moreover, asymmetries greater than 10% have shown greater risk of injury and worsened sport performance, especially for strength and power capabilities, in athletes of multiple sports. Fatigue and sex are factors that seem to influence injury rates as well as greater asymmetries between limbs. This research project aims to investigate the effects of a fatiguing bout of exercise in strength and power inter-limb functional asymmetries in male and female soccer players. It was hypothesized that strength and power asymmetries are negatively affected after a …

A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study To Evaluate The Effects Of Two Novel Hydration Beverage Formulas On Rehydration In Healthy Adults, Nathaniel David Rhoades

Theses and Dissertations

Intro: Dehydration is common in athletes and can lead to reductions in cognitive and physical performance. While there are many commercially available hydration beverages, most contain high amounts of CHO and are marketed as functional beverages. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two novel hydration beverage formulas (HMAA, HM) on hydration, cognitive performance, and time to exhaustion (TTE). Methods: Sixteen subjects (n=8 women, n=8 men) completed three experimental days where they consumed one of three conditions (HMAA, HM, or placebo) assigned randomly. The experimental protocol was completed in a heat chamber at 30-32℃ and 45-50% …

Exercise And Mental Health Over The Course Of A Semester, Jamie Alexis Whitney

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction and purpose: Anxiety and depression are two of the most common mental health struggles in the United States each year. There has been promising research noting the positive effects of exercise on lowering symptoms of both anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent on college campuses, especially during high stress portions of the semester. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in mental health over the course of the semester and if exercise level mediated any of these changes in the university population. Methods: Participants scanned a QR code or followed a link to …

Practices And Perceptions Of Family-Centered Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Secondary School Athletic Trainers, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Nancy A. Uriegas, James M. Mensch, Conner E. Montgomery, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee

Faculty Publications

Family-centered care (FCC) includes collaboration between families and healthcare providers, the creation of flexible policies, and the family taking an active role in the delivery of care. Secondary school athletic trainers provide care for underage patients in school-based health systems, making them responsible for maintaining communication with parents, guardians, and/or caregivers. This cross-sectional survey investigated the extent to which athletic trainers (n = 205) include aspects of FCC in their daily secondary school clinical practice (current practices = CP) and whether they believe that aspect of care is necessary for FCC to be provided in athletic training (perceived necessary = …

Examination Of The Cumulative Risk Assessment And Nutritional Profiles Among College Ballet Dancers, Kenya Moore, Nancy A. Uriegas, Jessica Pia, Dawn M. Emerson, Kelly Pritchett, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee

Faculty Publications

This study examined female collegiate ballet dancers' ( = 28) Female Athlete Triad (Triad) risk via the Cumulative Risk Assessment (CRA) and nutritional profiles (macro- and micronutrients; = 26). The CRA identified Triad return to play criteria (RTP: Full Clearance, Provisional Clearance, or Restricted/Medical Disqualified) by assessing eating disorder risk, low energy availability, menstrual cycle dysfunction, and low bone mineral density. Seven-day dietary assessments identified any energy imbalances of macro- and micronutrients. Ballet dancers were identified as low, within normal, or high for each of the 19 nutrients assessed. Basic descriptive statistics assessed CRA risk classification and dietary macro- and …

An Examination Of Depression, Anxiety, And Self-Esteem In Collegiate Student-Athletes, Samantha R. Weber, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Eva V. Monsma, Shawn M. Arent, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee

Faculty Publications

Mental health research exists for student-athletes in the areas of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem prevalence. However, updated prevalence rates and assessment of risks across sports, academic status, and genders are needed. Filling the gaps in research assists in the creation of patient-centered mental health screening and interventions designed for student-athletes. Therefore, the purpose is to examine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in collegiate student-athletes and differences between sex, academic status, and sport type, and identify associations for risks. Using a cross-sectional design, collegiate student-athletes were surveyed to assess for risks of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. With the use …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutritional Considerations For Single-Stage Ultra-Marathon Training And Racing, Stacy T. Sims, Chad M. Kerksick, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Xanne A.K. Janse De Jonge, Katie R. Hirsch, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Susan Joyce Hewlings, Susan M. Kleiner, Erik Bustillo, Jaime L. Tartar, Valerie G. Starratt, Richard B. Kreider, Casey Greenwalt, Liliana I. Rentería, Michael J. Ormsbee, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Bill I. Campbell, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Based on a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the nutritional concerns of female athletes, conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society: 1. Female athletes have unique and unpredictable hormone profiles, which influence their physiology and nutritional needs across their lifespan. To understand how perturbations in these hormones affect the individual, we recommend that female athletes of reproductive age should track their hormonal status (natural, hormone driven) against training and recovery to determine their individual patterns and …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Ketogenic Diets, Arny A. Ferrando, Robert R. Wolfe, Katie R. Hirsch Phd,Ep-C, Cissn, David D. Church, Shiloah A. Kviatkovsky, Michael D. Roberts, Jeffrey R. Stout, Drew E. Gonzalez, Ryan J. Sowinski, Richard B. Kreider, Chad M. Kerksick, Nicholas A. Burd, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Michael J. Ormsbee, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Paul J. Arciero, Bill I. Campbell, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Ralf Jager, Darryn S. Willoughby, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of literature surrounding the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation to athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners as to the benefits of supplemental EAA in both healthy and resistant (aging/clinical) populations. EAAs are crucial components of protein intake in humans, as the body cannot synthesize them. The daily recommended intake (DRI) for protein was established to prevent deficiencies due to inadequate EAA consumption. The following conclusions …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Energy Drinks And Energy Shots, Andrew R. Jagim, Patrick S. Harty, Grant M. Tinsley, Chad M. Kerksick, Adam M. Gonzalez, Richard B. Kreider, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Ralf Jager, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Jeffrey R. Stout, Bill I. Campbell, Trisha Vandusseldorp, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of energy drink (ED) or energy shot (ES) consumption on acute exercise performance, metabolism, and cognition, along with synergistic exercise-related performance outcomes and training adaptations. The following 13 points constitute the consensus of the Society and have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: Energy drinks (ED) commonly contain caffeine, taurine, ginseng, guarana, carnitine, choline, B vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12), vitamin C, vitamin A (beta carotene), vitamin D, …

Covid-19 Mitigation Strategies: A Natural Experiment Highlighting The Importance Of Structure In The Prevention And Treatment Of Childhood Obesity, Keith Brazendale, Michael Beets, Robert Weaver Med, Phd, Bridget Armstrong, Ethan T. Hunt

Faculty Publications

Societal restrictions due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as the closure of schools, childcare centers, and community programs, were implemented to prevent the spread of the disease and to protect the health and well-being of the population. These mitigation efforts drastically interrupted the day-to-day environments of children and adolescents and influenced how they spent the majority of their waking hours. Evidence shows on days when children and adolescents are in “structured” settings, such as school or other extracurricular programs or day camps, their obesogenic behaviors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, diet, and screen/media time) are more favorable than on …

Validation Of A Script To Facilitate Social Determinant Of Health Conversations With Adolescent Patients, Emily M. Giorgi, Matthew J. Drescher, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Lindsey E. Eberman

Faculty Publications

Current social determinants of health (SDOH) tools exist to assess patient exposure; however, healthcare providers for the adolescent population are unsure of how to integrate SDOH knowledge into clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to validate a focused history script designed to facilitate SDOH conversations between clinicians and adolescents through the use of the Delphi method. Six individuals (1 clinician, 5 educators/researchers) participated as expert panelists. Panelists provided critical feedback on the script for rounds 1 and 2. For rounds 3–7, panelists received an electronic questionnaire asking them to indicate agreement on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = …

Process Evaluation Methods And Results From The Health In Pregnancy And Postpartum (Hipp) Randomized Controlled Trial, Sarah Wilcox Phd, Alicia A. Dahl, Alycia K. Boutté, Jihong Liu Sc.D., Kelsey Day, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy Ph.D., Rd, Ellen Wingard

Faculty Publications

Background

Excessive gestational weight gain has increased over time and is resistant to intervention, especially in women living with overweight or obesity. This study described the process evaluation methods and findings from a behavioral lifestyle intervention for African American and white women living with overweight and obesity that spanned pregnancy (≤ 16 weeks gestation) through 6 months postpartum.

Methods

The Health in Pregnancy and Postpartum (HIPP) study tested a theory-based behavioral intervention (vs. standard care) to help women (N = 219; 44% African American, 29.1 ± 4.8 years) living with overweight or obesity meet weight gain guidelines in pregnancy and …

The Exercise Metabolome: Acute Aerobic And Anaerobic Signatures, Joseph K. Pellegrino, Tracy G. Anthony, Peter Gillies, Shawn M. Arent

Faculty Publications

Background

Exercise modality differentially alters body composition and physical performance. Metabolic changes underlying these outcomes can be tracked through assessment of circulating metabolites. Here, global responses to an acute bout of aerobic or anaerobic exercise were compared in the serum of male and female subjects using a discovery-based metabolomics platform.

Methods

On separate days, 40 healthy, active participants completed 45 min of aerobic cycling or resistance exercise, and blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after (T1) and 1 hour post-exercise (T2) to examine the serum metabolomic landscape.

Results

The two exercise metabolomes appeared more similar than different in this …

Screening And Assessment Of Cancer-Related Fatigue: An Executive Summary And Road Map For Clinical Implementation, Joy C. Cohn, Shana Harrington Pt, Ph.D., Jeannette Q. Lee, Daniel Malone, Mary Insana Fisher

Faculty Publications

Background:

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) prevalence is reported as high as 90%. Cancer-related fatigue is multidimensional and associated with lower health-related quality of life. Effective screening and assessment are dependent upon use of valid, reliable, and clinically feasible measures. This Executive Summary of the Screening and Assessment of Cancer-related Fatigue Clinical Practice Guideline provides recommendations for best measures to screen and assess for CRF based on the quality and level of evidence, psychometric strength of the tools, and clinical utility.

Methods:

After a systematic review of the literature, studies evaluating CRF measurement tools were assessed for quality; data extraction included psychometrics …

Fund Behavioral Science Like The Frameworks We Endorse: The Case For Increased Funding Of Preliminary Studies By The National Institutes Of Health, Michael Beets, Christopher Pfledderer, Lauren Von Klinggraeff, Sarah Burkart, Bridget Armstrong

Faculty Publications

Innovative, groundbreaking science relies upon preliminary studies (aka pilot, feasibility, proof-of-concept). In the behavioral sciences, almost every large-scale intervention is supported by a series of one or more rigorously conducted preliminary studies. The importance of preliminary studies was established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2014/2015 in two translational science frameworks (NIH Stage and ORBIT models). These frameworks outline the essential role preliminary studies play in developing the next generation of evidence-based behavioral prevention and treatment interventions. Data produced from preliminary studies are essential to secure funding from the NIH’s most widely used grant mechanism for large-scale clinical …

Muscular Strength And Carotid Intima-Media Thickness In Physically Fit Young Adults: The Chief Atherosclerosis Study, Gen-Min Lin, Kun-Zhe Tsai, Yun-Chen Chang, Wei-Chun Huang, Xuemei Sui M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., Carl J. Lavie

Faculty Publications

Background: Greater muscular strength (MusS) has been found to have an inverse association with subclinical atherosclerosis in children, as well as with mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. However, the association of the degree of MusS with atherosclerosis may differ by sex and has not been clarified in young adults. Methods and Results: A total of 1021 Taiwanese military personnel, aged 18–40 years, participated in annual health examinations in 2018–2020. MusS was separately assessed by 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up numbers. Subclinical atherosclerosis was measured by the left carotid bulb intima–media thickness (cIMT) using high-resolution ultrasonography. …

Genome-Wide Association Analyses Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Provide Insights Into Underlying Mechanisms And Roles In Disease Prevention, Zhe Wang, Andrew Emmerich, Nicolas J. Pillon, Tim Moore, Daiane Hemerich, Marilyn C. Cornelis, Eugenia Mazzaferro, Siacia Broos, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Traci M. Bartz, Amy R. Bentley, Lawrence F. Bielak, Mike Chong, Audrey Y. Chu, Diane Berry, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Nicole D. Dueker, Elisa Kasbohm, Bjarke Feenstra, Mary F. Feitosa, Mark A. Sarzynski Ph.D., Faha, Facsm, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Although physical activity and sedentary behavior are moderately heritable, little is known about the mechanisms that influence these traits. Combining data for up to 703,901 individuals from 51 studies in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies yields 99 loci that associate with self-reported moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time (MVPA), leisure screen time (LST) and/or sedentary behavior at work. Loci associated with LST are enriched for genes whose expression in skeletal muscle is altered by resistance training. A missense variant in ACTN3 makes the alpha-actinin-3 filaments more flexible, resulting in lower maximal force in isolated type IIA muscle …

Impact Of Virtual Vs. In-Person School On Children Meeting The 24-H Movement Guidelines During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Christopher D. Pfledderer, Michael Beets, Sarah Burkart Mph, Ph.D., Elizabeth Adams Potter, Robert Weaver Med, Phd, Xuanxuan Zhu, Bridget Armstrong

Faculty Publications

The pandemic mitigation strategy of closing schools, while necessary, may have unintentionally impacted children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep, and time spent watching screens. In some locations, schools used hybrid attendance models, with some days during the week requiring in-person and others virtual attendance. This scenario offers an opportunity to evaluate the impact of attending in-person school on meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Children (N = 690, 50% girls, K–5th) wore wrist-placed accelerometers for 14 days during October/November 2020. Parents completed daily reports on child time spent on screens and time spent on screens for school. The schools’ schedule was …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness And The Risk Of All-Cause, Cardiovascular And Cancer Mortality In Men With Hypercholesterolemia, Xuemei Sui M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., Mark A. Sarzynski Facsm, Nicole Gribben, Jiajia Zhang Ph.D., Carl J. Lavie

Faculty Publications

Background: Whether higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) confers protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with manifest hypercholesterolemia is poorly understood. Methods: Participants were 8920 men aged 20–82 years with hypercholesterolemia but no history of CVD and/or cancer and who received a preventive examination at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX, USA, during 1974–2001. CRF was quantified as maximal treadmill test duration and was grouped for analysis as low, moderate, or high based on the traditional Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study cutpoints. Using Cox regression analyses, we computed hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of mortality based on CRF. Results: …