Exercise Science Commons^™

The Comparison Of Gait Characteristics Between Older Adults Who Do Tai-Chi Chuan And Older Adults Who Do Not Do Tai-Chi Chuan, Shu-Ya Chen

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Tai-Chi Chuan (TCC) is a traditional Chinese exercise which has become popular in the Western world recently. The reported health benefits of TCC exercise include increased lower extremity muscle strength, improved balance, improved cardiopulmonary function, reduced tension, and improved overall wellness. However, no study has demonstrated the effects of TCC exercise on walking performance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether TCC exercise has an effect on normal speed walking of older adults. Twenty-four older healthy women over 55 were recruited in this study, 12 subjects practiced TCC exercise at least two times per week and the others …

The Effect Of Jogging On Anterior Knee Laxity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Fawzi F. Bouzubar

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Jogging is commonly performed in the latter stages of the rehabilitation program (2½-3 months) following ACL reconstruction. However, its cyclic loading effect on the ACL graft, 4-6 months after surgery has not been examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine changes in anterior knee laxity before and after 15 minutes of jogging on the treadmill. Subjects (N=l 1) were 8 males and 3 females (X age= 30.27 ± 4.76 years; heights= 175.7 ± 10.7 cm; weights= 81.1 ± 15.9 kg) with unilateral ACL reconstruction (central 1/3 patellar tendon graft, postoperation range = 4-6 months). Measurements were made …

The Effects Of Dehydration And Rehydration On The One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Of Weight Trained Males, James E. Schoffstall

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dehydration and rehydration on the one repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press of weight trained males. The ten subjects displayed the following characteristics: 25.3 ± 3.2 years old, 85.5 ± 16.4 kilograms body mass and a 117.9 ± 24.0 kilogram base-line 1-RM. Ten subjects were tested on two separate days, with one week between each test day. The subjects were randomly assigned to begin their testing in either the A protocol or the B protocol. During the A protocol testing day, the subjects completed two one repetition maximum bench press …

Patellofemoral Joint Compressive Forces During Backward And Forward Running At The Same Speed, Hesham N. Alrowayeh

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A previous study found that the patellofemoral joint compressive force (PFJRF) during backward running was less than during forward running at free speed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the patellofemoral joint compressive forces during backward and forward running at the same speed. Ten runners (4 females, 6 males) between the age of 20-25 (X=22, SD=2) ran in backward and forward directions at the slow speed of 2.3 mph (1.0 m.sec^-1). Using the inverse dynamic technique the knee extensor moment and PFJRF during the slow backward and forward running were calculated. Results showed that the …

Comparison Of The Emg Activity Of The Supraspinatus And Infraspinatus Muscles During Various Closed Chain Exercises, I-Chen Lin

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Advantages of closed chain exercises used in the lower extremity have been well documented. However, the effects of closed chain exercises on the upper extremities have not been studied very much. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the EMG activity of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and compare the relative amounts of activities by performing different isotonic closed chain exercises and an open chain exercise in normal subjects. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles in 1 o healthy subjects were studied with fine wire, intramuscular, electromyographic electrodes while performing 5 closed chain exercises and a D2. open chain …

Physiological Effects Of Varying Power Output In A Cycling Time Trial, Mark Alan Liedl

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

During a bicycle time trial, varying power slightly to counter external conditions may result in improved performance [Swain, 1997], but it is not known if such power variations result in added physiological stress. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if variable power (VP) cycling produced greater physiological stress than constant power (CP) cycling of the same mean intensity. Eight trained male cyclists (age 28 ± 2 yr, mass 74.4 ± 2.3 kg, VO_2max 4.24 ± 0.13 L•min^-1, weekly training 277 ± 44 km) performed three 1 h ergometer trials. The first trial was performed …

Reliability Of The Modified-Modified Schober Method Of Measuring Lumbar Range Of Motion, Mira H. Mariano

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Modified-modified Schober (MMS) method of measuring lumbar flexion and extension on subjects with low back pain. Thirty patients (19 females, 11 males) between the ages of 18 to 61 years (mean=40.0, SD=l 1.7) were measured by two physical therapists who each had six years of orthopedic experience.

Each subject was evaluated twice, in random order, by each tester using the MMS method. Trials 1 and 2 were used to calculate intratester reliability for each tester and intertester reliability was calculated between the two testers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) …

Effect Of Resistance Training On Lipid Profile And Body Composition In Premenopausal Women, Bharathi Prabhakaran

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the effects of 14 weeks of resistance training on lipid levels and body fat percentage (BF%) in healthy, sedentary premenopausal women. Twenty four women (mean ± SD: age:27 ± 6.5 yrs, weight 66.2 ± 12.3 kg) participated in the study. The subjects were randomly placed in either a control (CON) group or in an exercise (EXER) group. The EXER group participated in a supervised 45-50 minute resistance training session (85% of 1-RM) for 14 weeks, 3 times per week on non-consecutive days. The CON group did not participate in any physical activity. The subjects were asked not …

Changes In Spinal Height Supine And Walking In Subjects With And Without Lower Back Pain, Dave Gregory

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a device that could be used in clinical situations to measure spinal height in subjects with lower back pain.

Introduction: Spinal height measurement provides information on the impact of spinal loading on the intervertebral disc. The stadiometer is presently the most accurate device for this purpose but users of the device must be trained to be measured. This excludes untrainable subjects such as those with lower back pain. For this study, a new ins1rument was developed combining aspects of the stadiometer and other devices to produce a simpler method …

The Relationship Of Foot Types To Pressure Distribution Patterns Of The Forefoot During Gait, Hui-Ji Fan

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Pressure distribution under the foot has been considered a useful indicator in the treatment of foot problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between foot types and pressure patterns under the forefoot. Fifty-four healthy subjects (19 males, 35 females, mean age=27 years, S0=4, range=21-39) participated in this study. A BTE pedobarograph was used to record pressure distribution under the foot during barefoot walking. Foot types were classified as neutral, pronated, and supinated. Pressure distribution under the forefoot was classified as medial, central, and lateral patterns. The medial pattern had the highest peak pressure under the first …

Data On Gait Characteristics Of Four, Five, And Six Year Old Children Using Three Dimensional Video Motion Analysis, Donna Soave Nichols

Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study resulted from a need to gather and analyze data on gait characteristics of normal children using the Peak Performance Technologies, Incorporated system, initiate a data base for the Motion Analysis Center at Old Dominion University and compare a computerized motion analysis system to studies using different methods. Fifteen children, aged four to six, were evaluated during gait using a video-based computerized motion analysis system manufactured by Peak Performance Technologies, Incorporated. The gait characteristics studied were stride length, cadence, angular displacements and angular velocities of the pelvis, hips, knees and ankles. The results showed that methods …

Effect Of Oral Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation On Body Mass And Composition, Dennis Michael Burke

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation has been suggested to be an effective nutritional supplement to increase body mass. Sixteen male college baseball players, participating in an off-season, high-intensity strength training program, underwent body composition tests via hydrostatic weighing, skinfolds, and bioelectrical impedance analysis once-a-week for a total of 5 weeks (Trials). After a baseline trial (Trial 1), in a double-blind, placebo, between-subjects design, 8 subjects orally ingested 30 grams (a loading dose) of creatine monohydrate daily for 7 days (Trial 2) and 10 grams (a maintenance dose) of creatine monohydrate daily for 21 days (Trials 2, 3, 4, and 5). Body …

Cardiovascular, Thermoregulatory, Metabolic And Performance Responses To Repeated Ultraendurance Cycling, Bart E. Drinkard

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to describe physiological and performance responses in six highly trained cyclists during four days of repeated ultraendurance cycling. Each subject raced in four consecutive 100 mile per day time trials using their own bicycles mounted to a computerized ergometer. The race course profile consisted of rolling terrain with simulated gradients of minus five to ten percent. Body weight was measured prior to each time trial. Total performance time and fluid intake for each time trial were recorded. All other data were measured at ten mile intervals during each 100 mile time trial. Means for …

A Comparison Of Three Cam Profiles As Measured By Emg And Angular Displacement, Elizabeth Grace Ann Hood

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if variations in cam profiles cause differences in muscle contraction as measured by surface EMG, knee joint angular displacement, and torque. There were seven hypotheses tested. The ten subjects were adult male volunteers (18-24 years) who participated in a counterbalanced treatment design study testing three variously shaped cams over five lifting tests. The results indicated that for the EMG data, the cam and lifts effect had significant Wilk's values. For the cam effect the consistent cam had the highest millivolt value. For the lift effect, the pre 1 rep max had the …

The Effects Of Post-Event Massage Therapy On Multistage Ultraendurance Cycling, Tracey Hodges Drews

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Post-event massage therapy has been proposed to hasten muscle recovery and improve ensuing performance in multistage ultraendurance cycling events. Six elite male cyclists competed in two 4·d stage races of 161 kmd^·1 on a computerized race simulator over challenging terrain in a controlled laboratory environment with an average completion time of 275 ± 28 min. In a crossover experimental design, subjects received either 30 min post-event massage therapy or a 30 min inactivated diathermy treatment serving as a blind placebo after each 161 km race. The subjects repeated the 4·d, 161 km·d^·1 event 18d later receiving alternate post-event …

The Effects Of A Commercial Nutritional Supplement Combining Amino Acids, Glutamine, Carnitine And B-Vitamins On The Physiological Responses To Ultraendurance Triathlon Training, Performance And Recovery, Mary V. Mitchell

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

In a placebo, double blind, randomized design, five male triathletes participated in a simulated triathlon which examined the physiological responses of a commercial nutritional supplement. The supplemental protocol included 7.1 gm·d^-1 of an amino acid complex with B-vitamins (AA) and between 2.2-7.3 gm·d^-1 META-MAX™ containing leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine and carnitine in which quantities were based on the athletes training volume. A maltodextrin carbohydrate replacement drink was also included in the protocol. The placebo was an isocaloric lactose substance. The supplements were ingested for 14 d prior to the simulated triathlon and then for 3 d after the …

The Relationship Between Multiple Health Factors, Demographics, And Body Weight, Glenda J. Potter

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between regular aerobic exercise and body weight. It was the intent of this study to determine if a person who regularly exercises at either high or moderate levels can maintain their body weight at desired levels as specified by the Body Mass Index (BMI). The participants in this study were selected from hospital employees, class members of aerobic classes and/or adult walkers/joggers. There were 38 participants-- 13 males and 25 females.

A self administered questionnaire and a 3-day, 24-hour dietary log were identified to comprise the instrument as well as …

The Effects Of Varying Doses Of Orally Ingested Bee Pollen Extract Upon Total Exercise Time To Exhaustion Performance Recovery And Ratings Of Perceived Exertion, Michael Lee Woodhouse

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of varying doses of orally ingested bee pollen extract upon (1) treadmill run time to exhaustion and (2) initial ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) . Subjects consisted of five male aerobically trained athletes with an age range of 21 - 35 years. The subjects individually volunteered for the study and were active members of a local running club, The Tidewater Striders.

The bee pollen was given in three dosages (0, 1350 mg, 2700 mg). The three test periods on the treadmill consisted of six runs to exhaustion with a …

The Effect Of Blood Infusion Upon Perceived Exertion, Mary Aubert Lindhjem

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of packed RBC infusion upon ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), Three types of RPE were measured: 1) local muscular RFE, 2) cardiopulmonary RPE, and J) general RFE, The subjects, 16 experienced long distance male runners, undertook four treadmill runs to exhaustion, Subjects were matched according to time to exhaustion (ET) on the first trial (T1), and assigned to either an experimental (E) or control (C) group, Both groups had 46o ml blood withdrawn following Tl, T2 served as a baseline test and was administered about two weeks following blood withdrawal, …

Comparison Of The Belgrad Skin Suit To A Conventional Race Suit In The Swimming Speed Of Females, Mary Lucinda Fleet

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the Belgrad skin suit with a conventional racing suit upon swimming speed in the 25 yard front crawl stroke. Testing involved 30 female subjects, fifteen each of competitive and non-competitive swimmers. The experiment involved both groups being tested twice under four conditions, for a total of eight trials: (1) a conventional suit alone; (2) a conventional suit with an orange juice placebo, suggested to be a supplement energy producer; (3) a Belgrad skin suit alone; and (4) the Belgrad skin suit with the orange juice placebo. A two-factor mixed …

The Effect Of Iron Supplementation On The Endurance Capacity Of The Female College Athlete, Barbara B. Sachon

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The major parameter of interest was the effect of iron supplementation on endurance capacity of female college athletes. Secondary parameters included the evaluation of the effect of iron supplementation on the following hematological variables: white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit. Nineteen volunteer female students enrolled at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia served as subjects, All were members of the swimming team. All test trials and venipunctures were done at the women's gym at the College of William and Mary. There were two test periods.

All nineteen subjects performed a 500 …

A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Three Different Teaching Methods Upon The Learning Of Beginning Badminton Skills, Helen H. Tedder

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of the traditional (T.), programmed with loop films to present skills (P.), and traditional with the Video Tape Recorder (V.T.R.) methods of instruction upon learning and retention of beginning badminton skills. Three beginning coed badminton classes at Old Dominion University were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments. A pre-test measuring skills by means of the Stalter wall volley test, French clear test and French short serve test at the beginning of instruction, a post-test measuring skills by the same three tests and a retention-test consisting of the same …

The Effect Of Various Doses Of Caffeine Upon The Maximal Muscular Endurance Of College Females, Roberta Jane Perkins

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

A limited number of investigations dealing with the effects of caffeine upon human physical performance have been conducted. Since caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant and it is a constituent of the popularly-consumed beverages - coffee, tea, and cola drinks, it would appear that numerous studies would have been conducted in order to determine the effect of caffeine upon human muscular performance. At any rate, there is a dearth of studies on this topic and the findings of the conducted experiments are equivocal and ambiguous.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of various doses …

A Comparison Of Selected Isokinetic Training Velocities On The Development Of Muscular Power In College Women, Julia P. Knight

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different isokinetic velocities on the development of muscular power. Seventy-five college females were matched into four equal groups according to the average of their pre-test scores on the Vertical Power Jump Test and the Power Staircase Test. Group I served as the control group, while all 3 of the experimental groups performed the same isokinetic exercise at different pre-set rates of speed. Groups II, III and IV worked at the selected rates of .8, 2.3 and 3.9 inches per second respectively. All four groups were pre-tested and post-tested …