Exercise Science Commons^™

Transcranial Doppler Estimation Of Cerebral Blood Flow And Cerebrovascular Conductance During Modified Rebreathing, Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen, Rong Zhang, Qi Fu, Sarah Witkowski, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Clinical transcranial Doppler assessment of cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVMR) uses linear regression of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) vs. end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) under steady-state conditions. However, the cerebral blood flow (CBF)-PETCO2 relationship is nonlinear, even for moderate changes in CO2. Moreover, CBF is increased by increases in arterial blood pressure (ABP) during hypercapnia. We used a modified rebreathing protocol to estimate CVMR during transient breath-by-breath changes in CBFV and PETCO2. Ten healthy subjects (6 men) performed 15 s of hyperventilation followed by 5 min of rebreathing, with supplemental O2 to maintain arterial oxygen saturation constant. To minimize effects of changes …

Handling Immediate Medical Care At Aquatic Facilities: Do We Need Different Levels Of Lifeguard Certification?, Leland Yarger

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The first-responder and professional-rescuer training materials and training programs consider lifeguards to be first responders in emergencies (Aehlert, 2005; American Red Cross, 2001). This article asks readers to consider whether our agency lifeguard-training programs reflect a philosophy that truly view and prepare lifeguards as first responders. If not, I challenge readers to consider whether we should alter our hiring, staffing, and in-service training procedures at aquatic facilities based on the scope and need for providing adequate emergency care at those facilities.

Escape And Rescue From Submerged Vehicles, Gerald M. Dworkin

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

No abstract provided.

Cerebral Hemodynamics After Short- And Long-Term Reduction In Blood Pressure In Mild And Moderate Hypertension, Rong Zhanf, Sarah Witkowski, Qi Fu, Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

This study tested the hypothesis that acute reduction in blood pressure (BP) at the initial stage of antihypertensive therapy compromises brain perfusion and dynamic cerebral autoregulation in patients with hypertension. Cerebral blood flow velocity and BP were measured in patients with mild and moderate hypertension and in healthy volunteers at baseline upon reduction of BP within 1 to 2 weeks of administration of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide and after 3 to 4 months of treatment. The transfer function between beat-to-beat changes in BP and cerebral blood flow velocity was estimated to assess dynamic autoregulation. After 1 to 2 weeks of treatment, BP was …

Fitness, Friendship, And Fun: University Sponsored Community Pe Program, Wendi Wilcox Stanley, George M. De Marco, Lloyd L. Laubach, Corinne M. Daprano

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This paper describes a University-sponsored community physical education program and the feedback received about it from teachers, children, and the college students who oversaw it. The program, called Fitness, Friendship, and Fun, was staffed by 65 first-year student interns from the University of Dayton; four graduate assistants; and two university professors. It began with 65 male and female elementary students, primarily from the fifth and sixth grades at a nearby elementary school.

Disaggregating The Relative Influence Of Genetic, Environmental And Individual Factors On Ldl And Hdl Cholesterols And Bmi For A Sample Of African American (Aa) Mothers And Daughters, C. Jayne Brahler, Jewel Harden, Michelle Mchone, Matthew Soules, Eric Evans, Ann Alyanak, Fred Diakpieng, Paul M. Vanderburgh

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

There are many reports about the associations between blood lipids, body mass index (BMI) and dietary cholesterol intakes both within the individual and between related individuals. The purpose of this descriptive research project was to investigate the relationships between LDL and HDL cholesterols, body mass index and dietary cholesterol intakes for a sample of African American (AA) mothers and their daughters and to attempt to separate the contribution of genetic versus environmental factors. Mother and daughter participants (n =42 and 66, respectively) were 12-14-hours fasted when blood samples were drawn, heights and weights measured, and 24 hour food recalls completed.

Hazing: What Ohio High School Teachers, Coaches And Administrators Need To Know, Corinne M. Daprano, Meghan Kenney, Peter J. Titlebaum, Michael Triola

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Once thought to be primarily an issue of concern for university fraternities and sororities, hazing has emerged as a disturbing trend with an increase in the number of incidents involving high school student athletes. High school coaches, athletic administrators, and teachers must understand that initiation rites of sport teams can sometimes spiral out of control with grave legal and financial consequences for student athletes and school officials. The purposes of this article are to:

• Define hazing and review the history of anti-hazing legislation in the United States of America.

• Describe hazing laws in the State of Ohio.

• Review current research …

Student Employee Recruitment And Retention Through Campus Partnerships, Corinne M. Daprano, Megan L. Coyle, Peter J. Titlebaum

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recruitment and retention of student employees are important considerations for any recreational sports department, large or small, because student employees impact both the quantity and quality of programs and services. This article proposes a strategy for establishing partnerships with academic departments to aid in the recruitment and retention of student employees. These partnerships benefit students, the recreational sports department, academic departments, and university student retention efforts. Following a description of this strategy is an example of a partnership that has been successfully established at one Midwestern university.

Functional Electric Stimulation Cycle Ergometry Training Effect On Lower Limb Muscles In Acute Sci Individuals, Timothy J. Demchak, Jon K. Linderman, W. Jerry Mysiw, Rebecca Jackson, Jihong Sunn, Steven T. Devor

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare three different intervals for a between sets rest period during a common isokinetic knee extension strength-testing protocol of twenty older Brazilian men (66.30 ± 3.92 yrs). The volunteers underwent unilateral knee extension (Biodex System 3) testing to determine their individual isokinetic peak torque at 60, 90, and 120° ·s-1. The contraction speeds and the rest periods between sets (30, 60 and 90 s) were randomly performed in three different days with a minimum rest period of 48 hours. Significant differences between and within sets were analyzed using a One Way Analysis of …

Effects Of Gender And Hypovolemia On Sympathetic Neural Responses To Orthostatic Stress, Qi Fu, Sarah Witkowski, Kazunobu Okazaki, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that women have blunted sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress compared with men, which may be elicited under hypovolemic conditions. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and hemodynamics were measured in eight healthy young women and seven men in supine position and during 6 min of 60° head-up tilt (HUT) under normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions (randomly), with ∼4-wk interval. Acute hypovolemia was produced by diuretic (furosemide) administration ∼2 h before testing. Orthostatic tolerance was determined by progressive lower body negative pressure to presyncope. We found that furosemide produced an ∼13% reduction in plasma volume, causing a similar …

Possible Effects Field Hockey Stick Weight May Have On Player Performance During A Penalty Stroke, Lee-Ann Sharp

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Wooden sticks have been used in field hockey since the inception of the game. In recent years, there has been a growing trend among players to use modern composite sticks. However, there has been no research into the possible effects the weight of these composite sticks could have on player's performances. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect stick weight would have on player perfonnance, specifically ball velocity and player accuracy, during a series of penalty strokes. Design: All subjects were required to take twenty penalty strokes on goal with each of the two differently …

Persistent Sympathetic Activation During Chronic Antihypertensive Therapy, Qi Fu, Rong Zhang, Sarah Witkowski, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Anand Prasad, Kazunobu Okazaki, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Previous studies have demonstrated that antihypertensive treatment resets baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) and increases cardiac vagal baroreflex sensitivity. However, it is uncertain whether baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) also resets after treatment. We tested the hypothesis that chronic antihypertensive therapy alters baroreflex regulation of MSNA in patients with untreated moderate hypertension. Seven newly diagnosed patients with systolic blood pressure (BP) of 159 5 mm Hg (mean SE) and diastolic BP of 103 4 mm Hg were studied before and after 1 to 2 weeks ´ and 3 months (chronic) of antihypertensive treatment with losartan– hydrochlorothiazide …

Qtc Is Associated With Obesity And Physical Activity Level For African American Females, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or ischemic disease mortality. Obesity as a cause for acquired LQTS in otherwise healthy individuals is rapidly gaining the attention of the scientific community. African American people have a higher incidence of obesity compared to Caucasians, yet race-specific information is not available for their prevalence of LQTS. Chronic physical activity can help reduce the incidence of obesity, yet little is known about the effects of chronic physical activity on acquired LQTS. Subjects in this study were a volunteer sample of African American mothers (21-53 yr, n = 44) and …

Inhibition Of Nitric Oxide Inhibition Of Nitric Oxide Synthase Does Not Alter Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation In Humans, Rong Zhang, Thad E. Wilson, Sarah Witkowski, Jian Cui, Craig G. Crandall, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) alters dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity (transcranial Doppler) were measured in eight healthy subjects in the supine position and during 60° head-up tilt (HUT). NOS was inhibited by intravenous N G-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) infusion. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was quantified by transfer function analysis of beat-to-beat changes in BP and CBF velocity. Pressor effects of L-NMMA on cerebral hemodynamics were compared with those of phenylephrine infusion. In the supine position, L-NMMA increased mean BP from 83 ± …

Vasoconstrictor Reserve And Sympathetic Neural Control Of Orthostasis, Qi Fu, Sarah Witkowski, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Background—We tested the hypothesis that individual variability in orthostatic tolerance is dependent on the degree of neural and vasomotor reserve available for vasoconstriction.

Methods and Results—Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and hemodynamics were measured in 12 healthy young volunteers during 60° head-up tilt (HUT), followed by a cold pressor test (CPT) in HUT. Orthostatic tolerance was determined by progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) to presyncope. The same protocols were performed randomly in normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions. We found that mean arterial pressure increased and stroke volume decreased, whereas heart rate (HR), MSNA, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased during HUT …

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Does Not Affect Regulation Of Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Head-Up Tilt, Jian Cui, Rong Zhang, Thad E. Wilson, Sarah Witkowski, Craig G. Crandall, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

To test the hypothesis that systemic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase does not alter the regulation of sympathetic outflow during head-up tilt in humans, in eight healthy subjects NO synthase was blocked by intravenous infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded in the supine position and during 60° head-up tilt. In the supine position, infusion of L-NMMA increased blood pressure, via increased TPR, and inhibited MSNA. However, the increase in MSNA evoked by head-up tilt during L-NMMA infusion (change in burst rate: 24 ± …

We Want To Play Too, Peter J. Titlebaum, Kate Brennan, Tracy Chynoweth

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that persons with disabilities be integrated to the maximum extent possible, and that these persons cannot be excluded from participation. Intramural directors need to be proactive in this area. The benefits of intramural sports are vast, and they help many students become part of the college community.

Forming an alliance with the Disability Services on campus, the first step, is the most vital aspect of making these programs successful. It is important to remember the difference between what can be done and what must be done. Even with the best of intentions, it …

Determinants Of Erythropoietin Release In Response To Short-Term Hypobaric Hypoxia, Ri Li Ge, S. Witkowski, Y. Zhang, C. Alfrey, M. Sivieri, T. Karlsen, G. K. Resaland, M. Harber, J. Stray-Gundersen, B. D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

We measured blood erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, arterial O2 saturation (SaO2), and urine PO2 in 48 subjects (32 men and 16 women) at sea level and after 6 and 24 h at simulated altitudes of 1,780, 2,085, 2,454, and 2,800 m. Renal blood flow (Doppler) and Hb were determined at sea level and after 6 h at each altitude (n = 24) to calculate renal O2 delivery. EPO increased significantly after 6 h at all altitudes and continued to increase after 24 h at 2,454 and 2,800 m, although not at 1,780 or 2,085 m. The increase in EPO varied markedly …

Skin Cooling Maintains Cerebral Blood Ffow Velocity And Orthostatic Tolerance During Tilting In Heated Humans, Thad E. Wilson, Jian Cui, Rong Zhang, Sarah Witkowski, Craig G. Crandall

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Orthostatic tolerance is reduced in the heat-stressed human. The purpose of this project was to identify whether skin-surface cooling improves orthostatic tolerance. Nine subjects were exposed to 10 min of 60° head-up tilting in each of four conditions: normothermia (NT-tilt), heat stress (HT-tilt), normothermia plus skin-surface cooling 1 min before and throughout tilting (NT-tiltcool), and heat stress plus skin-surface cooling 1 min before and throughout tilting (HT-tiltcool). Heating and cooling were accomplished by perfusing 46 and 15°C water, respectively, though a tube-lined suit worn by each subject. During HT-tilt, four of nine subjects developed presyncopal symptoms resulting in the termination …

Competitive Orientations And Motives Of Adult Sport And Exercise Participants, Diane L. Gill, Lavon Williams, Deborah A. Dowd, Christina M. Beaudoin, Jeffrey J. Martin

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Participants in four different adult sport and exercise programs (running club, exercise classes, cardiac rehabilitation program, senior games) completed measures of competitive orientation and participation motivation. Our samples were older and more diverse than samples of previous research, and their competitive orientations and motives were similarly diverse. Multivariate analyses revealed gender and sample differences. Males were higher than females on competitiveness and win orientation, and runners were less win-oriented than other groups, but overall, all groups were similar to previous college-age samples in competitive orientation. Groups varied on specific motives, with females rating fitness, flexibility, affiliation, and appearance higher than …

Protecting Your Back: Weight Room Management, Peter J. Titlebaum, Gordon Rackley

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Weight room supervision can be a formidable undertaking without the necessary preparations and precautions. Weight room supervisors are much like the Secret Service; that is, no matter what happens, if bad, it is the supervisor's fault. Risk management is more important now than at any point in history. The keys to preventing problems and creating an efficient weight room facility include a highly trained staff and a thoroughly detailed employee manual designed specifically for the weight room.

Ua64/10/5 Scrapbook, 1972-1980, Wku Recreation Majors' Club

Student Organizations

Scrapbook created by the members of the WKU Recreation Majors' Club for the years 1972 through 1980. Book includes photographs of outings and events, meeting minutes, correspondence, membership lists, invitations and certificates of achievement.

A Comparison Of Two Methods Of Running To First Base, Leon Campbell

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Coaching And Training Of Junior College Distance Runners, Eldon Claude Odle

Graduate Student Research Papers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the theories, techniques, and methods of training and coaching of distance runners. To do this, the ideas advanced by the leading authorities in the field will be investigated and an attempt will be made to formulate a usable program for the development of college freshman and sophomore distance runners.

The Effect Of Gymnastic Routines On Blood Pressure And Pulse Rate, Robert Ferguson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Interscholastic Sports Officiating In The United States, John Martel

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the interscholastic football and basketball sports officiating practices in the United States by (1) determining to what extent the various states certify officials, (2) what the requirements are for certification, (3) the methods of selecting officials for athletic contests, (4) the types of control the state athletic associations exert over officials regarding officials' appeals, conduct of officials, penalties for violations and settlement of disputes, (5) how the officials and the schools are rated, (6) the fees paid to the officials, (7) and the preparation made by officials who officiate interscholastic athletic contests.