Running Biomechanics Differ During And After Pregnancy Compared To Females Who Have Never Been Pregnant, Jennifer J. Bagwell, Elizabeth Avila, Nicholas Reynolds, Jo Armour Smith, Kevin Valenzuela, Dimitrios Katsavelis

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Perinatal running participation has increased recently; however, pregnancy related symptoms can limit activity. Perinatal running biomechanics could inform interventions to help perinatal individuals maintain an active lifestyle.

Research question

Are perinatal running biomaechanics and muscle activation different compared to nulligravida females?

Methods

Sixteen pregnant participants completed self-selected velocity running during second trimester (2 T), third trimester (3 T), and postpartum (PP) and 16 matched controls completed these procedures once in this case control study. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography (EMG) data were collected using a motion capture system, force plates, and EMG electrodes. Peak trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle …

Effect Of Task Constraints On Neurobiological Systems Involved In Postural Control In Individuals With And Without Chronic Ankle Instability, Yuki A. Sugimoto, Patrick O. Mckeon, Christopher K. Rhea, Carl G. Mattacola

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of task constraints on the neurobiological systems while maintaining postural control under various sensory feedback manipulations in individuals with and without Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). Forty-two physically active individuals, with and without CAI, were enrolled in a case-control study conducted at a biomechanics research laboratory. All participants underwent the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), which assesses individuals’ ability to integrate somatosensory, visual, and vestibular feedback to maintain postural control in double-, uninjured-, and injured-limb stances under six different conditions in which variations in the sway-referenced support surface (platform) and visual surroundings, …

Comparison Of The Effect Of Aerobic And Resistance Exercise On Short Term Memory On Healthy Adults, Frederick P. Wijaya, Ery Hermawati M.Sc, Willy Handoko M.Biomed

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Background: Exercise is known to improve the cognitive function, including short-term memory. Exercise can induce structural and functional changes of the brain, i.e. synaptic plasticity. Exercise is categorized into two groups: aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. Studies have shown that both groups of exercises can improve short-term memory function.

Objectives: this research is aimed to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on short-term memory on healthy adults.

Methods: Participants were given the choice to be admitted into either exercise group, aerobic or resistance. Short-term memory (forward digit span) were measured before and after the intervention.

Results: there were …

A 12-Year Retrospective Analysis Of Vo2max Values In College-Aged Student Athletes, Michelle Wilson, Scott Swanson

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

OBJECTIVE
To examine VO₂max values in a cohort of exercise physiology students over a 12-year time period.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT
Student’s VO₂max values were examined for the effects of gender (males vs. females) and athletic status (athlete vs. non-athlete). Significance was set at p

Establishing Safe Thresholds To Improve Exercise Capacity In Collegiate Athletes With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd): A Critically Appraised Topic, Emily C. Roberts, Jenny Toonstra, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

CLINICAL SCENARIO
Crohn’s Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and Indeterminate Colitis (IC) are forms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), a complex auto-immune disorder of the GI tract. IBD can present several challenges to athletic participation due to unpredictable disease activity and uncontrollable systemic symptoms that severely impact daily activities and limit exercise/sports participation. Limited studies and a lack of standard guidelines for physical activity (PA) and exercise are additional barriers for patients. The limitation of studies and absence of standard guidelines are a particular concern for Athletic Trainers who may encounter collegiate athletes with IBD and must navigate the return-to-play …

Establishing A Methodology For Conducting A Rapid Review On Wearable Technology Reliability And Validity In Applied Settings, Brenna Barrios, Bryson Carrier, Brayden Jolley, Dustin W. Davis, Jacquelyn Sertic, James W. Navalta

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• Wearable technology is becoming increasingly popular with new devices entering the market frequently, but with disproportionality less research being conducted on the reliability and validity in field settings, outside of the laboratory.
• This paper details the methodology of gathering research based on the principals of a rapid review, using these points of application: inclusion criteria of studies (databases), search terms (data to be extracted), and how research will be conducted (narrowing articles and assessing bias).
• Point of application #1: Inclusion criteria are described well as potential databases used, allowing a means of not only systematically gathering information, but also the …

Do Compression Garments Work? The Effect Of Compression Garments On Biomechanical And Physiological Factors, Andrew Craig-Jones

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

New and innovative technology is consistently being introduced to help runners gain an edge over their competition. One of the more popular ergogenic aids in running today is compression garments. It is estimated that the compression garment market will surpass $5 billion by the year 2022. Despite the popularity, there is no clear consensus as to if or why compression is effective as an ergogenic aid. Although there has been a large variety of variables tested, there is little agreement on any of them as to the effect compression has. It appears as if the rate at which compression is …

The Effects Of A 6-Week Controlled Whole-Body Vibration Training Program In Reducing Falls Risk Among Healthy Older Adults, Fabricio Saucedo Jr.

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Falling is the second leading cause of accidental or injury-related death in the aging population worldwide and a leading cause of serious injury. Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has been implemented as a way to improve functional performance among the elderly and reduce the falls risk. The purposes of this study were: 1) examine to what extent a six-week course of WBV training reduced falls risk and improved fall outcomes in response to slips, and 2) examine whether the benefits of WBV training could be retained at least 2 months after the completion of the entire training session. A total of …

Effects Of A Strength Training Intervention And Quality Of Life: Case Study On A Sedentary Adult Female, Lucas Frazier

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of the project is to evaluate physiological and quality of life changes in a

sedentary, senior-aged (55 or older) female using a six-week strength training

intervention. This case study will instruct how to perform a push-pull-legs split

routine by going to the gym three times per week. Prior to the six week intervention,

both quantitative and qualitative variables will be collected to assess baseline data,

including the subject’s resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, grip strength, one-

repetition maximum on seven whole body exercises (dumbbell bicep curl, tricep

pushdown, barbell bench press, wide-grip lat pull-down, seated dumbbell press, …

Optimizing Beat Synchronized Running To Music, Jeska Buhmann, Edith Van Dyck, Dobromir Dotov, Marc Leman, Bart Moens

Journal Articles

The use of music and specifically tempo-matched music has been shown to affect running performance. But can we maximize the synchronization of movements to music and does maximum synchronization influence kinematics and motivation? In this study, we explore the effect of different types of music-to-movement alignment strategies on phase coherence, cadence and motivation. These strategies were compared to a control condition where the music tempo was deliberately not aligned to the running cadence. Results show that without relative phase alignment, a negative mean asynchrony (NMA) of footfall timings with respect to the beats is obtained. This means that footfalls occurred …

The Effect Of Cardiorespiratory Fitness On The Assessment Of The Physical Working Capacity At The Fatigue Threshold, Brittney M. Mikkelsen, Jorge Zuniga, William K. Herron, Frances E. Frauso, Anne N. Pulliam

Journal Articles

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if different cardiorespiratory fitness levels (maximal oxygen uptake or VO2max) affect neuromuscular fatigue as measured by the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT). Methods: Fourteen adults (14 men; mean ± SD; age = 20.79 ± 0.89 years; body weight = 80.7 ± 10.91 kg; height = 178.4 ± 5.29 cm) volunteered to participate in the investigation. Each participant performed an incremental cycle ergometry test to fatigue while electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured from the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle. Mean, standard deviation, and range values were calculated for …

Glucose-Fructose Likely Improves Gastrointestinal Comfort And Endurance Running Performance Relative To Glucose-Only, P. B. Wilson, S. J, Ingraham

Athletic Performance Research

This study aimed to determine whether glucose-fructose (GF) ingestion, relative to glucose-only, would alter performance, metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and psychological affect during prolonged running. On two occasions, 20 runners (14 men) completed a 120-min submaximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial (TT). Participants consumed glucose-only (G) or GF (1.2:1 ratio) beverages, which supplied ~1.3 g/min of carbohydrate. Substrate use, blood lactate, psychological affect [Feeling Scale (FS)], and GI distress were measured. Differences between conditions were assessed using magnitude-based inferential statistics. Participants completed the TT 1.9% (−1.9; −4.2, 0.4) faster with GF, representing a likely benefit. FS ratings were …

A Multi-Directional Treadmill Training Program For Improving Gait, Balance, And Mobility In Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease: A Case Series, Kimberly Smith, Kurt Jackson, Kimberly Edginton Bigelow, Lloyd L. Laubach

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Treadmill training is a commonly used intervention for improving gait in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, little is known about how treadmill training may also influence balance and other aspects of mobility.

The purpose of this case series was to explore the feasibility and possible benefits of multi-directional treadmill training for individuals with PD. Four participants (62.3 ± 6.5 yrs, Hoehn & Yahr 2-4) performed 8 weeks of treadmill training 3 times per week. Weeks 1-4 included forward walking only, while weeks 5-8 included forward and multi-directional walking. Participants were tested every 4 weeks on 4 separate occasions. Outcome …

The Effects Of Home-Based Pilates In Healthy College-Age Females, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, Mary Insana Fisher, C. Jayne Brahler

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objectives: To quantify and determine the effects of Pilates on core endurance, hamstring flexibility, balance, body composition/mass and perceived stress level in healthy college age females.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial design.

Background: Emerging research on the Pilates technique is inconclusive regarding benefits to core endurance, flexibility, balance, body mass, and perceived stress.

Methods and Measures: Female college students (n=57; 18-35 years old) were randomly assigned to a Pilates group, who exercised at home with a DVD, or a control group who did not engage in Pilates practice. Core endurance, hamstring flexibility, balance, body composition and stress measurements were taken …

The Effects Of Muscle Cross-Sectional Area On The Physical Working Capacity At The Fatigue Threshold, Meghan B. Barry, Jorge M. Zuniga, Makenna M. Brown, William M. Garnett, Zachary V. Hadden, Paul K. Nguyen, Geoffrey A. Supplee, Claire J. Svobada

Journal Articles

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dominant quadriceps muscle in the assessment of the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT) during incremental cycle ergometry. Methods: Eighteen adults (9 men and 9 women; mean age ± SD = 20.5 ± 1.04 yr; mean body weight ± SD = 73.9 ± 18.2 kg; mean height ± SD = 172.3 ± 11.5 cm; mean dominant quadriceps CSA ± SD = 68.7 ± 14.5 cm2) performed an incremental cycle ergometry test to exhaustion while the electromyographic (EMG) signals …

The Effect Of Training Older Adults In Tai Chi And Compensatory Stepping On Balance Control, Hannah L. Moore Miss

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Abstract

Introduction: In Canadian society, there is a growing prevalence of older adults and one of the main problems facing this generation today is the risk of falling. Tai Chi (TC) is a martial art that has demonstrated improvements in balance control. It uses a series of fluid movements that engage head, neck and trunk rotation while simultaneously reducing base of support. In addition, it has been demonstrated that training older adults by administering unpredictable perturbations to challenge balance better equips them to react successfully in response to balance perturbations. This study aims to determine the potential balance specific benefits …

Persons With Multiple Sclerosis Show Altered Joint Kinetics During Walking After Participating In Elliptical Exercise, Jessie M. Huisinga, Kendra K. Schmid, Mary Filipi, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience abnormal gait patterns and reduced physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if an elliptical exercise intervention for patients with MS would change joint kinetics during gait toward healthy control values. Gait analysis was performed on patients with MS (n = 24) before and after completion of 15 sessions of supervised exercise. Joint torques and powers were calculated, while also using walking velocity as a covariate, to determine the effects of elliptical exercise on lower extremity joint kinetics during gait. Results show that elliptical exercise significantly altered joint torques at the …

Supervised Resistance Training Results In Changes In Postural Control In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Jessie M. Huisinga, Mary Filipi, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Postural disturbances are one of the first reported symptoms in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of supervised resistance training on postural control in MS patients. Postural control was assessed using amount of sway variability [Root Mean Square (RMS)] and temporal structure of sway variability [Lyapunov Exponent (LyE)] from 15 MS patients. Posture was evaluated before and after completion of three months of resistance training. There were significant differences between MS patients pretraining and healthy controls for both LyE (p = .000) and RMS (p = .002), but no differences between …

The Effect Of Exercise On The Threshold Frequency Of An Electrically Induced Muscle Cramp, Hiroki Sato

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: It has been observed that subjects that have experienced an exercise associated muscle cramp (EAMC) exhibited decreases in the threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical induced muscle cramp (EIMC). Hovvever, it is not known if this change was due to the exercise alone. Objective: To determine if full effort football conditioning exercises cause a shift in TF of an EIMC. Design: A 2 X 2 folly repeated measures factorial design was used for this study. The two independent variables were condition (rest, and exercise), and time (pre, and post). Setting: Subjects: Nine NCAA Division IAA football players participating in …

The Effects Of Post-Cryotherapy Exercise On Ankle Capsular Temperature, Craig A. Jamison

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Cryokinetics is a common rehabilitative technique. To date, no data describing capsular temperature cycling during cryokinetics have been reported. Objective: To compare ankle capsular temperature before and at the end of each exercise bout during a typical cryokinetics session. Design: A 2 x 10 repeated measure factorial design was used. The independent variables were treatment and bout. The dependent variable for this study capsular temperature of the lateral talo-crural joint. Setting: Data were collected in the Sports Injury Research Laboratory at Indiana State University. Subjects: Nineteen volunteers participated in this study (age= 24.6 + .6 yr; mass= 74.1 + …