Kinesiology Commons^™

The Influence Of Knee Position And Sex On Ultrasound Imaging Of Femoral Cartilage Characteristics, Harry Battersby

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose was to examine (1) the effect of measurement position and sex on femoral cartilage outcomes, and (2) the association between gait biomechanics and cartilage outcomes. Fifty individuals participated (25 males, 25 females; Age=20.62±1.80years). Ultrasound measured femoral cartilage thickness and echo-intensity (EI) at 90º, 115º, and 140º of knee flexion. Gait outcomes included the external knee adduction and knee flexion moments. Cartilage outcomes were compared using 2(sex) x 3(position) repeated measures ANOVA. Gait and cartilage associations were assessed using stepwise regression. Cartilage was thicker when measured at 90° compared with 140°, but mainly in males. Males had thicker cartilage …

Validity Of Ultrasound Imaging For Intrinsic Foot Muscle Cross-Sectional Area Measurements Demonstrated By Strong Agreement With Mri, Dallin C. Swanson, Joshua K. Sponbeck, Derek A. Swanson, Connor D. Stephens, Steven P. Allen, Ulrike H. Mitchell, James D. George, A. Wayne Johnson

Library/Life Sciences Undergraduate Poster Competition 2022

Intrinsic foot muscles maintain foot structural integrity and contribute to functional movement, posture and balance Thus, assessing intrinsic foot muscle size and strength are important One way to assess strength of a muscle is by measuring its cross sectional area ( Magnetic resonance imaging ( and ultrasound ( are two modalities allowing for visualization of these muscle bodies MRI has been shown to accurately image the individual muscles but is costly and time consuming US imaging may provide an alternative that is less costly and more readily available The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reproducibility …

Characterizing Locomotor Disturbance Perception In Young Adults, Daniel James Liss

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Falls during walking are a leading cause of injuries across aging. Many of these falls are due to slips and trips. The ability to perceive disturbances to ongoing motion may play an important role in the control of walking balance. However, disturbance perception has been investigated in standing balance, but its role in walking balance due to slip- and trip-like disturbances remains largely unknown. Characterizing locomotor disturbance perception in young adults may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of sensorimotor walking balance control.

This work defined locomotor disturbance perception in response to slip and trip-like disturbances in young adults. We …

Validity Of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size Measured By Ultrasound And Mri, Dallin Swanson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Intrinsic foot muscles maintain foot structural integrity and contribute to functional movement, posture and balance. Thus, assessing intrinsic foot muscle size and strength are important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to accurately image the individual muscles but is costly and time consuming. Ultrasound (US) imaging may provide an alternative that is less costly and more readily available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reproducibility of US imaging in measuring intrinsic foot muscle size in comparison to MRI. US and MRI were employed to measure the intrinsic foot muscle size involving 35 participants (females …

The Acute Effects Of Citrulline Malate And Bonded Arginine Silicate Supplementation On Vasodilation Of Young Adults, Jeffrey Rogers

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Abstract

Background

Clinicians, professional athletes, and recreational athletes are interested in supplementation that up-regulates nitric oxide (NO) production in blood vessel endothelium, increasing arterial vasodilation. Benefits from these supplements include improvements in blood pressure, muscle hyperemia, and exercise performance. Citrulline Malate (CM) is a pre-workout ingredient, popular for its ability to increase exercise performance and blood serum concentrations of L-arginine, resulting in NO production. Recently, Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate (ASI, Nitrosigine) has been added to many of the most popular pre-workout blends, following a group of studies showing ASI increases serum arginine and reduces post-workout muscle damage. Research has yet to …

Fascicle Arrangement In College-Aged Athletes, Jacob Goodin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To compare muscle architecture variables between sport and sex in competitive athletes, and to compare muscle architecture with performance variables in strong versus weak athletes, and good versus poor jumpers. Methods: The vastus lateralis (VL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles of 139 collegiate athletes were collected using ultrasonography to determine muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), fascicle length (FL), and relative fascicle length (FL_rel). Absolute and relative peak power, absolute and relative isometric peak force, and jump height were measured in a subset of baseball and soccer athletes. A 5x2 factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used …

Positional Release Therapy Versus Therapeutic Massage In Reducing Muscle Trigger And Tender Points, Amber Hancock Bethers

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To determine the difference in effectiveness of positional release therapy (PRT) compared with therapeutic massage (TM) in treating trigger and tender points in the upper trapezius muscle. Background: Trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle are common and can be painful. Therapeutic massage is a more traditional treatment method for this condition while PRT is relatively new. Design and Setting: A randomized-group design was used to examine the differences between the 2 treatments for reducing pain and muscle tension. Subjects: Sixty healthy subjects (males = 24, females = 36; age = 27.1 ± 8.8 years; wt = 75.2 ± …

Positional Release Therapy Versus Therapeutic Massage In Reducing Muscle Trigger And Tender Points, Amber Hancock Bethers

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To determine the difference in effectiveness of positional release therapy (PRT) compared with therapeutic massage (TM) in treating trigger and tender points in the upper trapezius muscle. Background: Trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle are common and can be painful. Therapeutic massage is a more traditional treatment method for this condition while PRT is relatively new. Design and Setting: A randomized-group design was used to examine the differences between the 2 treatments for reducing pain and muscle tension. Subjects: Sixty healthy subjects (males = 24, females = 36; age = 27.1 ± 8.8 years; wt = 75.2 ± …

The Anatomy Of The Carpal Tunnel And Hand Function Of Musicians, Emily Ann Lorenzen

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Musicians spend hours perfecting their trade, often leading to overuse injuries of the hand; of specific concern to musicians is carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This study evaluated the median nerve cross-sectional area and hand function of musicians and non-musicians. Patients completed the upper extremity and CTS specific function questionnaires. The median nerve cross-sectional area, and the width of the carpal tunnel were measured on ultrasound image. The median nerve cross-sectional area was greater in musicians than the non-musician group. The width of the carpal tunnel did not differ between the groups. Musicians showed higher levels of hand dysfunction than the …

The Effects Of Flexor Pronator Mass Fatigue On Medial Elbow Stability, Nathaniel Harvey Millard

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: The medial elbow is supported from valgus loading with the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), the flexor pronator mass (FPM), and the radial head. Fatigue of muscle can lead to a decrease in force production. The decrease in force production can lead to a decrease in joint stability. This study tested the effect of fatigue of the FPM muscles on the width of the medial joint space.

Methods: Thirty-one participants volunteered for this study (18 female and 12 male, 1 excluded; mean height 170.2±10.1 cm, mean weight 71.2±15.6 kg, mean age 21.53±1.87 years old). Ultrasound images of the width of …

The Differences In Time To Stability, Foot Muscle Size, And Toe Flexor Strength Between Cheerleaders And Gymnasts, Kelsey Renee Garner

Theses and Dissertations

Context: There has been recent speculation that the intrinsic muscles of the foot may play a larger role in lower extremity control and injury than previously believed. Multiple studies have shown that certain intrinsic muscles increase in size and strength after transitioning to minimalist shoe running, theoretically decreasing injury risk. There are currently no studies that examine the effect that training barefoot has in other athletic populations. Objective: Our purpose was to compare the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle size and strength in gymnasts (who predominantly train barefoot) and cheerleaders (who predominantly train shod). Another purpose was to measure time …

The Acute Effect Of Walking On Ultrasound Measurements From The Achilles Insight Ultrasonometer In College-Aged Individuals, Kristin J. Heumann, Jacob Cimolino, Jeremy R. Hawkins, Robert W. Pettitt, Steven Ross Murray

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(4): 491-496, 2016. The Achilles InSight bone ultrasonometer is a portable ultrasound device for quantitatively measuring bone composition both safely and inexpensively via the calcaneus. The effect of acute, brisk walking as a possible source of error on the reliability of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements was investigated. Forty-seven participants (17 women, 30 men; age M ± SD = 20.44 ± 1.16) had their calcaneus measured with the Achilles InSight both before and after a 15-min bout of walking at (5.63 km·h-1 (3.5 mph). The Achilles InSight was deemed reliable via a test-and-retest protocol (ICC α …

Reliability Of Gastrocnemius Pennation Angle Using Ultrasound With 15 Degree Adduction And Abduction In Standing Position, Diana J. Tyler

Honors College Theses

A pennate muscle has fascicles that attach obliquely to its tendon. In parallel, more fascicles can be aligned allowing for greater production of force. In previous research, pennation angle has been measured using ultrasound while in a laying supine position. The purpose of this study was to measure pennation angle of the gastrocnemius muscle with ultrasound while standing neutral, in a mechanically loaded position. 16 participants, one two separate days, had their ultrasound imaging taken in three different foot orientations: neutral, fifteen degree adduction / abduction positions. This information was then be analyzed using ImageJ software. This research shows the …

Interrater Reliability Of Quantitative Ultrasound Using Force Feedback Among Examiners With Varied Levels Of Experience, Michael O. Harris-Love, Catheeja Ismail, Reza Monfaredi, Haniel J. Hernandez, Donte Pennington, Paula Woletz, Valerie Mcintosh, Bernadette Adams, Marc R. Blackman

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Background. Quantitative ultrasound measures are influenced by multiple external factors including examiner scanning force. Force feedback may foster the acquisition of reliable morphometry measures under a variety of scanning conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of force-feedback image acquisition and morphometry over a range of examiner-generated forces using a muscle tissuemimicking ultrasound phantom.

Methods. Sixty material thickness measures were acquired from a muscle tissue mimicking phantom using B-mode ultrasound scanning by six examiners with varied experience levels (i.e., experienced, intermediate, and novice). Estimates of interrater reliability and measurement error with force feedback scanning were determined …

Will Ultrasound Performed With The Rich-Mar Autosound™ Be As Effective At Increasing Tissue Temperature As Ultrasound Performed With A Traditional Machine?, Heather Diane Black

Theses and Dissertations

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover experiment. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Rich-Mar AutoSound™ would be as effective as traditional ultrasound at increasing the temperature of the triceps surae muscle during a 10-min, 1 MHz, 1.0 W/cm2 ultrasound treatment. BACKGROUND: The AutoSound™ is a hands-free ultrasound device that is strapped on the body and left for the duration of the ultrasound treatment. It requires no clinician during the actual ultrasound treatment, thus freeing the clinician to perform other tasks and reducing clinician error during treatments. METHODS: 16 healthy subjects (6 males, 10 females, age = 22 ± 1.6 yrs, height = 173.2 …

Progressive Resistance Exercise With Eccentric Loading For The Management Of Knee Osteoarthritis., Haniel J. Hernandez, Valerie Mcintosh, Azadeh Leland, Michael O. Harris-Love

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: The patient was a 58-year-old African-American male with radiographic evidence of bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA). He participated in a standardized 12-week eccentric strengthening program within a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center.

BACKGROUND: The use of an eccentric training paradigm may prove to be beneficial for older adults with knee OA since eccentric muscle actions are involved in the energy absorption at the knee joint during gait and controlled movement during stair descent. Furthermore, in comparison to standard muscle actions, eccentric muscle actions result in higher torque generation and a lower rate of oxygen consumption at a given level of …

Quantitative Ultrasound: Measurement Considerations For The Assessment Of Muscular Dystrophy And Sarcopenia, Michael O. Harris-Love, Reza Monfaredi, Catheeja Ismail, Marc R. Blackman, Kevin Cleary

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound has potential clinical utility in characterizing pathological muscle tissue. Sonography has been long proposed as method of assessing muscle damage due to neuromuscular diseases such as muscular dystrophy, and more recently, changes in body and tissue composition associated with muscle wasting disorders such as sarcopenia. The use of quantitative ultrasound as an adjunct diagnostic procedure has different technical challenges than the traditional use of ultrasound in clinical medicine. Operator-dependent technique and variation are critical considerations when obtaining measures of echointensity (i.e., tissue composition estimates) and tissue dimensions (i.e., muscle thickness) – key elements of the ultrasound assessment …

Achilles Tendon Changes In Downhill, Level And Uphill Running, Katy Andrews Neves

Theses and Dissertations

In this study, we examined how hill running affects the Achilles tendon, which is a common location for injuries in runners. Twenty females ran for 10 min on three randomly selected grades (-6%, 0%, +6%). Achilles tendon (AT) cross-sectional area (CSA) was imaged using Doppler ultrasound and peak vertical forces were analyzed using high-speed (240 Hz) videography. A metabolic cart and gas analyzer ensured a similar metabolic cost across grades. Data were analyzed using a forward selection regression. Results showed a decrease in AT CSA from pre-run to post-run (p = .0001). Peak vertical forces were different across grades (p …

Manuscript Has Been Retracted, Michael Smith, Nicholas Hanson, Alexander Lucas, Steven Devor

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(3) : 236-241, 2013. Manuscript has been retracted.

Humeral Torsion And Shoulder Biomechanics: Comparison Of A Novel Ultrasonographic Technique With The Computed Tomography Benchmark, Bryan Thurston

All Theses

The rotation angle between the proximal and distal axes of long bones is known as torsion, and it is thought to be indicative of the forces applied to the bone during growth. The humerus, for example, develops an internal twist or antetorsion, as daily activities are anterior to the body. However, the strong posterior stress induced by an overhead throwing motion may counteract this internal twist in young athletes and cause prominent bilateral dimorphism.
To measure torsion in these young athletes, a new technique using ultrasound has been developed and implemented in clinical practice. However, before widespread use in diverse …

The Effects Of Plantar Fasciitis On Multi-Segment Foot Running Gait Kinematics, Robin Lee Bauer

Theses and Dissertations

Plantar fasciitis is a common lower extremity injury caused by mechanical overload that affects 10% of all runners. Despite its commonality, research results investigating the etiology of the condition and the most efficacious treatment have been equivocal. A potential limitation of previous research assessing the mechanical changes associated with plantar fasciitis may be the modeling of the foot as a single segment. To date no study has investigated running kinematics in individuals with plantar fasciitis using a multi-segment foot model. Sonography has also reported plantar fascia thickening and degeneration associated with plantar fasciitis in non-athletic populations; however it has not …

Aerobic Capacity And Postprandial Flow Mediated Dilation, Kevin D. Ballard†, James J. Miller‡, James H. Robinson†, Jennifer L. Olive‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The consumption of a high-fat meal induces transient vascular dysfunction. Aerobic exercise enhances vascular function in healthy individuals. Our purpose was to determine if different levels of aerobic capacity impact vascular function, as measured by flow mediated dilation, following a high-fat meal. Flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery was determined before, two- and four-hours postprandial a high-fat meal in young males classified as highly trained (n = 10; VO2max = 74.6 ± 5.2 ml·kg·min-1) or moderately active (n = 10; VO2max = 47.3 ± 7.1 ml·kg·min-1). Flow mediated dilation was reduced at two- (p < 0.001) and four-hours (p < 0.001) compared to baseline for both groups but was not different between groups at any time point (p = 0.108). Triglycerides and insulin increased at two- (p < 0.001) and four-hours (p < 0.05) in both groups. LDL-C was reduced at four-hours (p = 0.05) in highly trained subjects, and two- and four-hours (p ≤ 0.01) in moderately active subjects. HDL-C decreased at two- (p = 0.024) and four-hours (p = 0.014) in both groups. Glucose increased at two-hours postprandial for both groups (p = 0.003). Our results indicate that a high-fat meal results in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in highly trained and moderately active individuals with no difference between groups. Thus, high aerobic capacity does not protect against transient reductions in vascular function after the ingestion of a single high-fat meal compared to individuals who are moderately active.