Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Cancer Cachexia Severity And Eccentric Muscle Contractions On Selected Myofiber Metabolic Properties In Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Joshua Earl Mangum

Theses and Dissertations

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome that induces skeletal muscle wasting and dysregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Alterations in area of myofibers and myofiber metabolic properties can significantly impact the function of skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cachexia severity and resistance exercise training on frequency and area of selected myofiber metabolic characteristics during cachexia-induced myofiber atrophy. Male ApcMin/+ (Min) mice were studied during the progression of cachexia (16-20 weeks of age) and stratified into groups based on the severity of cachexia. For the second study, male Min mice performed resistance exercise (RE) …

Effects Of Obesity On Thermoregulation And Cardiovascular Function During Exercise In Females, Jon David Adams

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has shown that obese individuals are at greater risk for heat illnesses because of impaired thermoregulation. However, laboratory studies investigating cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function in obese individuals are difficult to interpret because of low sample sizes and methodological concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in thermoregulatory and cardiovascular function between obese and non-obese females. Twenty-four females, 13 obese (43.3 ± 4 .3 % fat, 77.2 ± 13.7 kg) and 11 non-obese (27.8 ± 6.0 % fat, 55.7±6.7 kg), cycled for 60 min in a warm environment (~40°C, 30% humidity) at a …

Crossfit Effectiveness On Fitness Levels And Demonstration Of Successful Program Objectives, Christine Jeffery

Student Theses and Dissertations

CrossFit is a core strength and conditioning program created by Greg Glassman which adheres to three fitness standards: 1) there are ten general physical skills, 2) concept of a "hopper", i.e. being able to perform any skill when asked, and 3) training must occur is all three metabolic pathways, ATP-PCr, glycolytic, & aerobic systems. The purpose of this study was to first assess CrossFit effectiveness and also evaluate the third fitness standard through indirect measures. Thirty seven participants, both male and female participated in the study. Participants were divided based on questionnaire results into two groups, CrossFit and control (follow …

Interactions Between The Thermic Effect Of Food And Exercise On Total Energy Expenditure In Moderately Active Females, Ashley Binns

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Diet and exercise are key components to overall health maintenance. Aspects contributing to weight maintenance include the thermic effect of food (TEF) and total energy expenditure (TEE), with TEF contributing to upwards of 10% TEE. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between TEF and exercise on TEE in moderately active females. METHODS: A sample population was established with the use of a health history questionnaire (HHQ). Ten active females of normal body composition, determined by body mass index (BMI) and a dual energy absorptiometry x-ray (DEXA) scan, participated in the study. Maximal aerobic …

Exercise Therapy For Plantar Heel Pain: A Systematic Review, Ameer A. Almubarak, Nadine Foster

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 276-289, 2012. This study aimed to review the evidence of exercise therapy in the treatment of Plantar Heel Pain. Comprehensive search strategy was conducted to identify randomized and quasi-randomized trials. The primary outcome was pain intensity; the secondary outcome was functional limitation. From an initial list of 2327 potentially relevant trials, seven trials were included. Most trials included short-term follow up only of pain and function outcomes. Narrative review revealed limited evidence that stretching exercise alone was superior to other conservative treatments; combining other conservative treatments with stretching was more effective than stretching …

Nitric Oxide And The Biological Cascades Underlying Increased Neurogenesis, Enhanced Learning Ability, And Academic Ability As An Effect Of Increased Bouts Of Physical Activity, Samuel Hunt, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 245-275, 2012. The consummate principle underlying all physiological research is corporeal adaptation at every level of the organism observed. With respect to humans, the body learns to function based on the external stimuli from the environment, beginning in the womb, throughout the developmental stages of life. Nitric Oxide (NO) appears to be the governor of the plasticity of several systems in mammals implicit in their proper development. It is the purpose of this review to describe the physiological pathways that lead to plasticity of not only the vasculature but also of the brain …

Persons With Multiple Sclerosis Show Altered Joint Kinetics During Walking After Participating In Elliptical Exercise, Jessie M. Huisinga, Kendra K. Schmid, Mary Filipi, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience abnormal gait patterns and reduced physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if an elliptical exercise intervention for patients with MS would change joint kinetics during gait toward healthy control values. Gait analysis was performed on patients with MS (n = 24) before and after completion of 15 sessions of supervised exercise. Joint torques and powers were calculated, while also using walking velocity as a covariate, to determine the effects of elliptical exercise on lower extremity joint kinetics during gait. Results show that elliptical exercise significantly altered joint torques at the …

Influence Of A Short-Term, Multicomponent Intervention On Balance And Strength Among The Elderly, Pamela C. Webert

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Background: Few studies have combined strength and balance training to assess improvement of activities of daily living among subjects over the age of 65. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate how an eight-week balance and strength training program can lead to improvements in activities of daily living among elderly individuals.

Methods: The subjects consisted of 14 elderly women and 3 elderly men who were all residents of an independent living community. There were 10 subjects in the intervention group and 7 subjects in the control group. The intervention group participated in a supervised balance and strength …

Comparison Between 1 Repetition Maximum Barbell And 1 Repetition Maximum Dumbell Bench Press, William Ross Jackson

Student Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between 1- repetition maximum performed on the barbell bench press and the dumbbell bench press. This information was used to develop an equation that predicts the 1RM for dumbbell bench press based on the 1RM for the barbell bench press. Fifty-six male subjects between the ages of 18 and 28 in Northeastern Arkansas performed 1RM tests on both barbell and dumbbell bench press with at least 48 hours rest required between each. Participants were significantly stronger using the barbell for bench press as opposed to using the dumbbells for bench …

You Should Know Jack: A Qualitative Study Of The Jack Lalanne Show (1951-~1965), Robert Cochrane

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Jack LaLanne hosted the first and longest running fitness program in United States broadcast history from 1951 through 1985. Since LaLanne's rise as a broadcasting celebrity, the health and fitness industry has grown from a small, somewhat-maligned field into a multi-billion dollar per year economy of its own. As LaLanne reached iconic status through his show, his name became synonymous with good health and nutrition, but the messages of his show went far beyond simple exercises. He used religious, patriotic, and biomedical messages to get his points across. In addition, he was a showman who sang to his audience, used …

Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection In A Hemiparkinsonian 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model, Merrill Russen Landers

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Outside of finding a cure, one of the preeminent goals of research in Parkinson's disease (PD) is finding a neuroprotective treatment that when applied prior to the onset of the disease will decrease the risk and severity of the subsequent disease. One such treatment that has potential as a neuroprotective agent in PD is exercise. Several studies have found forced exercise to be protective of Parkinson's disease in adult rodent models; however, few of these studies have used a design wherein voluntary exercise was evaluated. Moreover, no study has used a true neuroprotective design in which exercise was applied prior …

The Acute Effect Of Endurance Exercise On Lipoproteins Measured By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) In Healthy Men, Hanaa Adnan Shaheen

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major cause of death in the United States, with abnormal levels of blood lipids and physical inactivity considered as major modifiable risk factors. The conventional lipid profile has been used to assess for CVD risk by directly measuring the concentrations of blood lipids. However, lipoprotein particle size and number obtained from a novel method, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) may also asses for CVD risk with greater sensitivity. Exercise and increased physical activity has been shown to produce favorable effects on blood lipids and consequently reduce CVD risk. To understand this effect, it is important …

Alternative Therapy And Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes, Carmine R. Grieco

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The rise in prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the developing world continues unabated. Current treatment strategies, however, fall short of achieving optimal glycemic control. The aim of project I was to investigate the effect of an acute bout of a yogic breathing exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with T2D. Project II was designed to assess the effectiveness of the neurohormone melatonin in lowering short- and long-term glucose levels, lipids and oxidative stress in T2D. Project III investigated the differential effects of two different styles of aerobic exercise on postprandial glycemia, mood and …

Exercise Ameliorates Disruption Of The Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex And Fibrosis In The Aging Rat Heart, Yang Lee, Jeffrey M. Hord, Hyo-Bum Kwak, Jong-Hee Kim, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is localized and integrated into the cell membrane. The DGC provides a mechanical link between the cellular cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). In cardiac muscle, disruption of DGC might be involved in mediating cardiac remodeling that occurs with aging, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß). Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan closely related to the DGC component that binds to collagen. Decorin reduces fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-ß and myofibroblast formation. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that exercise training (ET) would alleviate age-related disruption of localization in DGC proteins (dystrophin, α-syntrophin, and …

Influence Of Fitness And Adiposity On Melanocortin-1 And Melanocortin-3 Receptors On Monocytes., Matthew Unthank, Jonathan Woodson, Jason Butler, Gregory Bratton, James Barbee, Michael Chumley, Dennis Cheek, Joel Mitchell, Melody Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: While it is known that exercise improves health by reducing systemic inflammation, potential mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of fitness and adiposity on the anti-inflammatory melanocortin system as a potential mechanism by which exercise reduces inflammation. Methods: Forty-one men and women (35-55yr), who were free from cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, and not taking medications that affect inflammation, were recruited. Participants were questioned about exercise habits and medical history; then completed testing for body composition and aerobic fitness (VO₂max). Subjects were classified as lean/fit (LF, n=14), overweight/fit (OF, …

Changes In Markers Of Muscle Damage After Half-Ironman Triathlon, Marcos Bürger-Mendonça, Fernanda Coutinho Retondaro-Barbosa, Raquel Carius Da Silveira, Denisvaldo Vieira Silveira

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Triathlon is a unique endurance sport that comprises a sequential swim, swim-to cycle transition, cycle, cycle-to-run transition, and run. The aim of present was to analyze the effect of half-ironman triathlon over biochemistry parameters related of muscle damage. Six well-trained male amateurs’ triathletes who completed the 2004 half-ironman triathlon participated in the study. Blood samples from six athletes were collected before and immediately after the triathlon competition. Creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. Pre and post race values were compared by paired t-tests. Significant changes after triathlon completion were found for CK (P= 0.001) and LDH (P= …

Plasmatic E-Selectin Levels Were Decreased In Young Women With Metabolic Syndrome After Exercise Training, M Rosety-Rodriguez, I Rosety, G Fornieles-Gonzalez, J Meletis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as E-selectin are involved in the rolling, adhesion and extravasation of monocytes into the atherosclerotic plaque. Fortunately regular exercise may improve pro-inflammatory status in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the influence of exercise on soluble plasmatic E-selectin levels in women with metabolic syndrome. Sixty adult women with metabolic syndrome according to the criteria reported by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III volunteered for this study. Fourty-five were randomly included in experimental group to perform a 12-weeks aerobic training program, 3 days/week, consisting of warm up (10-min), …

Reduced Lipoperoxidation In High-Performance Athletes With Mental Retardation By A Mixed Protocol Based On Exercise And Supplementation, J F. Ordoñez, I Rosety, A Diaz, M A. Rosety

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Individuals with mental retardation generally present high levels of oxidative stress. Further it is widely accepted that high physical performance may be associated to oxidative damage. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the influence of a mixed protocol based on regular exercise and antioxidant supplementation in lipoperoxidation in athletes with mental retardation. Fifty-five high-performance athletes with mental retardation from Special Olympics volunteered for this study (21.6±1.8 years-old). Fourty were randomly included in experimental group to perform a 6-weeks protocol, including exercise (low-moderate intensity aerobic exercise before breakfast 3 times per week) and supplementation (1g ascorbic acid + 400 UI …

A Previous Note Regarding The Influence Of A 6-Weeks Mixed Protocol On Plasmatic Carbonyl Groups In High-Performance Athletes With Mental Retardation, J F. Ordonez, I Rosety, M Bernardi, A Diaz

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is widely accepted that high physical performance may be associated to oxidative damage. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the influence of a mixed protocol based on regular exercise and antioxidant supplementation in plasmatic carbonyl group content in athletes with mental retardation. Mainly if we take into account individuals with mental retardation generally present high levels of oxidative damage. Fifty-five high-performance athletes with mental retardation from Special Olympics volunteered for this study (21.6±1.8 years-old). Fourty were randomly included in experimental group to perform a 6-weeks protocol including exercise (low-moderate intensity aerobic exercise before breakfast 3 times per week) …

Exercise Improves Endothelial Dysfunction In Young Women With Metabolic Syndrome, G Fornieles-Gonzalez, I Rosety, J Meletis, M A. Rosety

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent studies have reported that regular exercise reduces pro-inflammatory biomarkers in women with metabolic syndrome. However, to date little information is available on the influence of exercise on endothelial dysfunction, despite its important role during the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the influence of exercise on soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in women with metabolic syndrome. Sixty adult women with metabolic syndrome according to the criteria reported by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III volunteered for this study. Fourty-five were randomly included in experimental group to perform a 12-weeks aerobic …

A Systematic Review Of Physical Activity Interventions In Hispanic Adults, Melinda J. Ickes, Manoj Sharma

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

Healthy People 2020 aims to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Regular physical activity (PA) improves overall health and fitness and has the capability to reduce risk for chronic diseases. Identifying barriers which relate to the Hispanic population is important when designing PA interventions. Therefore, the purpose was to review existing PA interventions targeting Hispanic adults published between 1988 and 2011. This paper was limited to interventions which included more than 35% Hispanic adults (n = 20). Most of the interventions were community based (n = 16), although clinical, family-based, and faith-based …

Supervised Resistance Training Results In Changes In Postural Control In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Jessie M. Huisinga, Mary Filipi, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Postural disturbances are one of the first reported symptoms in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of supervised resistance training on postural control in MS patients. Postural control was assessed using amount of sway variability [Root Mean Square (RMS)] and temporal structure of sway variability [Lyapunov Exponent (LyE)] from 15 MS patients. Posture was evaluated before and after completion of three months of resistance training. There were significant differences between MS patients pretraining and healthy controls for both LyE (p = .000) and RMS (p = .002), but no differences between …

Physical Activity: The Forgotten Tool For Type 2 Diabetes Management, Sheri R. Colberg

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Individuals who are currently sedentary, unfit, or overweight can benefit metabolically from simply taking breaks from sitting. Since avoidance of sedentary behavior appears to have a large impact on glycemic management, all individuals with type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to minimally engage in greater daily movement to better manage their diabetes and body weight. In addition, engaging in physical activity of any intensity (including low-intensity ones) likely positively impacts insulin action and blood glucose control acutely. Moreover, as long as total caloric expenditure during exercise is matched (i.e., total exercise dose), daily exercise may be done every other day …

Effect Of A Work Site Exercise Program On Selected Fitness And Psychological Parameters, Kristen Ann Christiansen

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The increasing rates of obesity continue to threaten the vitality of our nation. Health care costs are soaring and chronic diseases are reaching even the youngest populations. Physical activity is an integral component in reversing the obesity epidemic and improving the health of today's workforce. The present study sought to determine the effect of a work site exercise program on select fitness and psychological parameters. Five female employees participated in a six-week exercise program utilizing HealthBeat(TM) outdoor exercise equipment in a circuit fashion for 30 minutes, 2 days per week. Eighty percent of participants were categorized as sedentary or low-active …

Influences On Pulmonary And Muscular V’O2-Kinetics, Uwe Drescher, Uwe Hoffmann

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction

Muscular and respiratory V’O2-kinetics are influenced by many factors. At cellular level muscular V’O2 (V’O2musc) is affected by O2-delivery and O2-consumption. Further, these factors can be divided into muscle perfusion, capillary density, enzyme activity, mitochondrial proliferation, muscle fiber composition and some more.

Focusing on the difference between V’O2resp and V’O2musc the venous blood volume, the venous O2-stores and the dynamics of cardiac output can be identified as influences. These influences result in a time delay and a distortion of V’O2resp. Usually exercise step responses are used for estimating V’O2resp-kinetics. But it has to be recognized, that V’O2resp may be …

Impact Of Exercise Partner Attractiveness On Mood, Enjoyment, And Exertion, Thomas G. Plante, Sarah Gregg, Jaclyn Rubbo, Thomas Favero, Ashley Morisako, Jessica Cuadra

International Journal of Exercise Science

Social comparison theory was used to examine if males exercising with a female research confederate posing as either attractive or unattractive would alter their exercise mood, exertion, and enjoyment. A total of 101 college students (51 males and 51 females) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: biking alone, biking with an attractive female confederate, or biking with the same female confederate appearing unattractive. All participants were instructed to complete 20 minutes of exercise at 60%-70% of their maximum target heart rate. Standard exercise mood measures (e.g., Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List) were administered immediately prior to and immediately following …

Contributing Variables To Acceleration And Max Velocity Performance, Leon Alexander Settle

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine the prediction values of the squat, power clean, and three commonly used plyometric exercises by track and field coaches (OHB, SLJ, and STJ) to acceleration and max velocity performance. There is sparse research on the effectiveness of standing long jump, standing triple jump, and over head back contributing to athletic performance. The findings from this project may provide practical information to coaches about the five components. The University of New Mexico (UNM) men and women track and field student-athletes, ages 18-24 (n = 28), volunteered for the study. Potential differences in predictability …

A Call To (Physical) Activity, A Call To Action, Karen Richardson, Sam Baumgarten

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Exercise On Brain Responses To Visual Food Cues: An Fmri Study, Nero Erezi Evero

Master's Theses

On the basis of a strong body of data, the Institute of Medicine currently recommends at least 60 minutes of exercise per day to prevent body weight gain overtime.  Previous studies have shown that there is no compensatory increase in food intake with this dose of exercise. Ultimately, the brain decides whether to alter food intake.  Surprisingly, no published studies have assessed the impact of exercise on brain activation.  Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an appetite questionnaire, we investigated the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on brain responses to visual food cues and subjective appetite …

Effect Of Diet Induced Weight Loss And Exercise On Hscreactive Protein In Sedentary Postmenopausal Women, Jennifer Donnelly

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as increased body fat, dyslipidemia, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are intensified in postmenopausal women. CRP has been reported as an independent indicator of risk for cardiovascular events. CRP is affected by multiple factors such as age, race, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity level. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an exercise intervention on traditional (BMI, percent body fat, waist circumference, physical activity level) and non-traditional (CRP) risk factors for cardiovascular disease to a dietary intervention program in sedentary, postmenopausal women. Twenty apparently healthy postmenopausal …