Kinesiology Commons^™

Why We Can’T Wait, Mary I. Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Scaling Of Oscillatory Kinematics And Froude Efficiency In Baleen Whales, William T. Gough, Hayden J. Smith, Matthew S. Savoca, Max F. Czapanskiy, Frank E. Fish, Jean Potvin, K. C. Bierlich, David E. Cade, Jacopo Di Clemente, John Kennedy, Paolo Segre, Andrew Stanworth, Caroline Weir, Jeremy A. Goldbogen

Biology Faculty Publications

High efficiency lunate-tail swimming with high-aspect-ratio lifting surfaces has evolved in many vertebrate lineages, from fish to cetaceans. Baleen whales (Mysticeti) are the largest swimming animals that exhibit this locomotor strategy, and present an ideal study system to examine how morphology and the kinematics of swimming scale to the largest body sizes. We used data from whale-borne inertial sensors coupled with morphometric measurements from aerial drones to calculate the hydrodynamic performance of oscillatory swimming in six baleen whale species ranging in body length from 5 to 25 m (fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus; Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni; sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis; …

A Radiographic Investigation Of Anthropometrics, Neck Posture, And Neck Strength In Individuals With Enlarged External Occipital Protuberances, Caleb Burruss

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Overview: Enlarged external occipital protuberances (EEOPs) are found in 41% of young adults. These EEOPs have the potential to lead to pain throughout life and possibly surgery. Little is known of the pathophysiology or characteristics that could lead to these EEOPs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to use radiographic measurements to investigate how anthropometrics, neck posture and neck strength in flexion and extension differ between those with and without an EEOP. Methods: 80 radiographs from three different studies were digitized and the marking of landmarks performed in ImageJ. The cut-off for an EEOP was established as any EOP …

Relationship Between Cognitive Performance, Physical Activity, And Socio-Demographic/ Individual Characteristics Among Aging Americans, Imtiaz Masfique Dowllah

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the attenuation of association following adjustments for covariates, participants who engaged in 3–6 hr/wk of vigorous- and > 1 hr/wk of moderate-intensity PA scored significantly higher in tests that assessed executive function and processing speed domains of cognition compared to inactive peers (η2 = 0.005 & 0.007 respectively, p < 0.05). Also, after adjustment, the effects of 1–3 hr/wk of vigorous-intensity PA became trivial for the delayed recall memory domain test scores (β = 0.33; 95% CI: –0.01, 0.67; η2 = 0.002; p = 0.56). There was no clear dose-response relationship between the cognitive test scores and weekly moderate-intensity PA. Interestingly, higher handgrip strength and higher late-life body-mass-index were associated with a higher performance across all cognitive domains. Observed associations provide evidence linking habitual PA with superior cognition health among older adults. Furthermore, increased muscle strength and higher late-life adiposity may …

The Relationship Of Structured Environments With Children’S Body Composition And Obesogenic Behaviors, Ethan T. Hunt

Theses and Dissertations

Recent nationally representative data show among children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years, the prevalence of obesity is 17.0% (95CI= 15.5%-18.6%). Further, rates of obesity are disproportionately high among minoritized youth. The prevalence of children and adolescents with obesity is lower among White children compared to Black children (14.7% vs. 19.5%) or Hispanic children (14.7% vs. 21.9%). Disparities by socioeconomic status exist as well. Prevalence of children with obesity from households with an income that is >350% of the federal poverty threshold (after accounting for household size) is significantly less compared to children from households with an income that …

Asymmetries In Dynamic Valgus Index After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Kai Yu Ho, Andrew Murata

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are at a higher risk for subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Risk factors for ACL injuries likely involve a combination of anatomical, biomechanical, and neuromuscular factors. Dynamic knee valgus has been indicated as a possible biomechanical factor for future ACL injuries. Given that knee valgus is often accompanied by contralateral pelvic drop during single-leg activities, a dynamic valgus index (DVI) that quantifies combined kinematics of the knee and hip in the frontal plane has recently been developed. As the premise of asymmetrical DVI between limbs in the ACLR population has not been …

A Time-Course Characterization Of Muscle Function And Mitochondrial Markers During Colorectal Cancer-Induced Cachexia In Tumor-Bearing Male Mice, Ana Cabrera Ayuso

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cachexia is a multisystemic and multifactorial syndrome prevalent in cancer patients. It is clinically defined by involuntary loss of >5% weight in a six-month window, despite nutritional interventions. A negative energy balance characterizes cancer cachexia (CC), it is associated with weakness and fatigue in skeletal muscle. Impaired muscle function is associated with lower quality of life in cancer patients. Defects in mitochondrial function are strongly associated with muscle wasting. This study explored muscular contractile function and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) markers in soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of C26-induced male tumor-bearing mice during a 25-day time course. It …

Performance Of The Wrist-Worn Actigraph Gt3x + In Measuring Physical Activity In Older Women, Michal Talley Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Being able to accurately measure physical activity intensity and energy expenditure is crucial to understanding the role physical activity plays in lowering the risk for disease. This thesis aims to examine the performance of the wrist-worn GT3X+ in measuring PAEE and classifying activity intensity in a healthy non-obese population of older women. Methods: Baseline data collected in the Women’s Energy Expenditure in Walking Programs Study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01722136) were used. PAEE was measured concurrently for 2 weeks using the doubly labeled water method in combination with indirect calorimetry, the GT3X+ ActiGraph accelerometer (GT3X+, ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL), and the …

Multiple Processes Predict Motor Learning And Impairments After A Stroke, Christopher Michael Perry

Theses and Dissertations

Acquiring, refining, and adapting motor skills allows for successful interaction with our environment to perform daily activities such as driving, cooking, and self-care. Those with stroke often exhibit a compromised ability to relearn motor skills affected by their stroke resulting in chronic disability. Previous rehabilitation studies suggest that deficits in skilled limb movement primarily contributes to deficits after a stroke. However, studies in motor skill performance suggests that multiple behavioral features including visual search, eye-hand coordination and visuomotor decisions also contribute to improved performance. Currently, it is not known if refinements in multiple behavioral features independently contribute to motor learning, …

The Influence Of Sport Participation On Physical Activity In Youth, Emily R. Shull

Theses and Dissertations

Youth sport participation has been widely supported as a strategy for promoting physical activity in children and youth. Previous research has identified positive associations between youth sport participation and children’s physical activity levels. However, there is a paucity of research regarding characteristics of youth sport that may affect the amount and intensity of physical activity youth attain during sport participation. This dissertation is comprised of three studies, and the overall purpose is to examine how characteristics of youth sport associate with children’s physical activity. In the first study, the relationship between types of sport participation and objectively measured physical activity …

Effects Of Basketball Exercise Simulation Test (Best) On Landing Mechanics In Active Females, Madison Treece

Theses and Dissertations

Intro: In the United States, female basketball players have the second highest rate of ACL injury, following female soccer players. This injury rate is four times higher than their male counterparts. These injuries occur more frequently at the end of the first and second halves and may be associated with exercise-induced fatigue causing knee instability. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effects of a basketball simulation test on landing mechanics. Methods: Six subjects completed both the intervention and the control trial consisting of four 10-min quarter game simulations of the validated Basketball Exercise Simulation …

Psychological Factors And Gastrointestinal Symptoms During Running, Alex Michael Ehlert

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as nausea and gas, are common problems for athletes in endurance sport. There is considerable evidence that psychological factors influence GI function, but little research has evaluated this in the context of exercise-induced GI symptoms. The overall purpose of this dissertation was to explore the role of psychological factors in the incidence and management of GI symptoms during endurance running. Study 1 assessed associations between several psychological factors, GI symptoms, and nutrition intake before and during runs. Study 2 evaluated the effects of daily breathing interventions on GI symptoms, psychological factors, and heart rate variability (HRV) …

Activation Of Orexin System Stimulates Camkii Expression, Yuanyuan Fan, Enshe Jiang, Huanjia Gao, Jeremy Bigalke, Bojun Chen, Chunxiu Yu, Qinghui Chen, Zhiying Shan

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Hyperactivity of the orexin system within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has been shown to contribute to increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP) in rodent animals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that orexin system activation stimulates calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) expression and activation, and stimulation of CaMKII expressing PVN neurons increases SNA and BP. Real-time PCR and/or western blot were carried out to test the effect of orexin-A administration on CaMKII expression in the PVN of normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) expressing PC12 cells. Immunostaining was …

An Evidence-Based Review Of The Pathophysiology, Treatment, And Prevention Of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps, Kevin C. Miller, Brendon P. Mcdermott, Susan W. Yeargin, Aidan Fiol, Martin P. Schwellnus

Faculty Publications

Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common and frustrating for athletes and the physically active. We critically appraised the EAMC literature to provide evidence based treatment and prevention recommendations. Although the pathophysiology of EAMCs appears controversial, recent evidence suggests that EAMCs are due to a confluence of unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors rather than a singular cause. The treatment of acute EAMCs continues to include self-applied or clinician-guided gentle static stretching until symptoms abate. Once the painful EAMCs are alleviated, the clinician can continue treatment on the sidelines by focusing on patient-specific risk factors that may have contributed to the onset …

The Effect Of Ankle Taping On The Kinematics Of The Lower Extremity While Running On Level, Inclined, And Declined Slopes, Dominique Cava, Derek M. R. Kivi, Paolo Sanzo, Carlos Zerpa

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 2: Issue 1, Article 8, 2021. Therapeutic taping is often prescribed as a treatment for various overuse injuries in the lower extremity. Researchers believe that taping may control the position and alter alignment of the calcaneus to correct foot pathologies when applied to the ankle in runners, however, the utility and specific mechanical effects of different taping techniques remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of ankle taping (no tape (NT), Kinesiotape® (KT), or Leukotape® (LT)) across different slope conditions (level, inclined, and declined) on the kinematics of …

A Constitutive-Based Deep Learning Model For The Identification Of Active Contraction Parameters Of The Left Ventricular Myocardium, Igor Augusto Paschoalotte Nobrega

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Modern breakthroughs in biomedical engineering, computer science, and data mining have created new opportunities for detecting important mechanical properties of soft tissues that can be employed to identify possible signs of diseases or physiological difficulties. However, the scarcity of different mechanical properties obtained through noninvasive testing emphasizes the importance of incorporating authentic biological data into computer models capable of replicating the behavior of soft tissues.

The field of continuum theory of large deformation hyperactivity permits the formulation of highly descriptive mathematical research and computational models capable of perfectly describing the minute mechanical characteristics of soft materials. By including features about …

Resistance Exercise, Alone And In Combination With Aerobic Exercise, And Obesity In Dallas, Texas, Us: A Prospective Cohort Study, Angelique G. Brellenthin, Duck-Chul Lee, Jason A. Bennie, Xuemei (Mei) Sui M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D., Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background

Obesity is a significant and growing public health problem in high-income countries. Little is known about the relationship between resistance exercise (RE), alone and in combination with aerobic exercise (AE), and the risk of developing obesity. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to examine the associations between different amounts and frequencies of RE, independent of AE, and incident obesity.

Methods and findings

Participants were 11,938 healthy adults ages 18–89 years with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 at baseline who completed at least 2 clinical examinations during 1987–2005 as part of the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Self-reported RE participation in minutes/week and days/week was collected from a standardized questionnaire. Incident obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at follow-up. Incident obesity was also defined by waist circumference (WC) > 102/88 cm for men/women and percent body fat (PBF) ≥ 25%/30% for men/women at follow-up in participants who were not obese by WC (n …

Demographics, Activities, And Environmental Factors Impact Burnout In A National Survey Of Emergency Medicine Residents, Nicole Battaglioli, Tim P. Moran, Simiao Li-Sauerwine

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: Burnout in emergency medicine and in residency training has been well-described. The impact of demographic, individual, and programmatic factors on burnout have not previously been determined in a national survey of emergency medicine residents. This study aimed to identify personal and environmental factors impacting resident burnout in a national sample of emergency medicine residents.

Methods: A prospective Emergency Medicine Resident Wellness Survey was administered in 2017. We surveyed respondents on demographic, personal, and environmental factors; each respondent also completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey. Linear regressions were used to identify variables associated with the Maslach Burnout …

Ice Hockey Goaltender Physiology Profile And Physical Testing: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Viviane Marcotte-L'Heureux, Jérémie Charron, Robert Panenic, Alain Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 855-875, 2021. This review aims to 1) be the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining the physiology and assessment of goaltenders, and 2) present a physiological profile of ice-hockey goaltenders. It will 1) highlight physiological differences between goaltenders and players at other positions, 2) determine strengths and weaknesses of ice hockey goaltenders, and 3) offer possible guidelines for strength and conditioning coaches. Six electronic databases were systematically searched in October 2019 using the PRISMA model. A total of twelve scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Professional male (PM) goaltenders …

The Effect Of Set Configuration And Load On Post-Activation Potentiation On Vertical Jump In Athletes, Paolo Sirieiro, Igor Nasser, Ward C. Dobbs, Jeff Willardson, Humberto Miranda

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 902-911, 2021. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of post-activation potentiation (PAP) on countermovement jump (CMJ) using different set configurations and loads on conditioning activity (CA) in highly trained athletes. Sixteen national level swimmers participated in this study and performed a total of six visits to the laboratory. The first session was used for familiarization, the second session was utilized to determine five repetitions maximum (RM) in the half squat (HS), and the following four visits consisted of four CA protocols performed in a counterbalanced order. Two CAs were performed …

Are There Differences In Fitness Between Recruits From Larger (Hosting) And Smaller (Participating) Law Enforcement Agencies?, Erika Hernandez, J. Jay Dawes, Robin Marc Orr, Joseph Dulla, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 885-901, 2021. Law enforcement agencies often conduct academy training classes that include recruits hired by both the larger hosting agency (HA), and by smaller participating agencies (PA). HAs that need to fill more positions may have recruits with a wide range of fitness levels. Smaller agencies may be more selective in their hiring as they do not have as many available positions. This study compared HA and PA recruit fitness prior to academy. Retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 academy classes, incorporating 742 HA recruits (602 males, 140 females) and 99 PA recruits (82 …

A Community-Based Boxing Program Is Associated With Improved Balance In Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease, Abbie Moore, Enoch Yee, Brad W. Willis, Evan L. Prost, Aaron D. Gray, J. Bryan Mann

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 876-884, 2021. In alignment with efforts to mitigate the negative health consequences of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the purpose of this investigation was to examine if participation in a community-based boxing program (CBP) was associated with improvements in balance and fall risk reduction among individuals with PD. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, de-identified data from 12 individuals with PD participating in a CBP was examined. Participants included those with a Hoehn and Yahr stage between 1 and 3, averaging 2.8 ± 0.8 CBP sessions per week for 6.1 ± 0.8 months between testing. Baseline and …

Hip Flexion Angles During Supine Range Of Motion And Bodyweight Squats, Angeli J. Mata, Hidetaka Hayashi, Phillip A. Moreno, Robert I. Dudley, Eric A. Sorenson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(1): 912-918, 2021. During the lowering phase of a squat, it has been observed that a posterior pelvic tilt (PPT) may occur when squatting to full depth. Research suggests that defaulting to compensatory movement strategies, such as PPT, during the squat may correlate with risk of lower extremity and trunk pathology. The purpose of this study was to examine hip flexion (HF) angles at the point when PPT occurs among three conditions: standard squats, heel raise squats, and supine passive HF; analyzing the differences in depth between standard and heel raise squats; and calculating differences …

Validity Of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Size Measured By Ultrasound And Mri, Dallin Swanson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Intrinsic foot muscles maintain foot structural integrity and contribute to functional movement, posture and balance. Thus, assessing intrinsic foot muscle size and strength are important. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to accurately image the individual muscles but is costly and time consuming. Ultrasound (US) imaging may provide an alternative that is less costly and more readily available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reproducibility of US imaging in measuring intrinsic foot muscle size in comparison to MRI. US and MRI were employed to measure the intrinsic foot muscle size involving 35 participants (females …

Training On A Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill With Body Weight Support Does Not Improve Aerobic Capacity, David K. Lee, Natalie Maltz, James Becker, Joshua A. Cotter

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(7): 829-839, 2021. This study examined the physiological changes resulting from training on a lower body positive pressure treadmill (LBPPT) at three different levels of body weight support (BWS). Thirty-three healthy college aged students (22.3 ± 3.1 years) completed the study. Participants performed a graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion and were placed into one of three experimental groups corresponding to 100%, 75%, and 50% of their normal BW. Participants trained at their experimental BW levels for eight-weeks. Training speed was monitored by heart rate (HR) and speed was adjusted to elicit approximately 60% of …

The Impact Of Aquatic Based Plyometric Training On Jump Performance: A Critical Review, Pryse M. Mullenax, Quincy Johnson, Michael A. Trevino, Douglas B. Smith, Bert H. Jacobson, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 815-828, 2021. There is evidence to suggest that aquatic plyometric training (APT) may be an effective and safer alternative to traditional land-based plyometric training (LPT) when training to increase jump performance. The aim of this review was to critically examine the current literature regarding the effects of APT vs. LPT on jump performance in athletic populations. Key terms were employed in five separate databases to complete the current review. Available articles were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine which studies were deemed eligible for review. Outcome measure in these studies included those …

Resistance Training As Therapeutic Management In Women With Pcos: What Is The Evidence?, Pamela J. Wright, Cynthia F. Corbett, Bernardine M. Pinto, Robin M. Dawson, Michael Wirth

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 840-854, 2021. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common chronic endocrinopathy and the leading cause of infertility in women, has significant clinical consequences, including cardiovascular, endocrinological, oncological, and psychological co-morbidities. Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of PCOS recommend exercise and physical activity as first-line treatment to combat chronic disease risk. However, details about what type of exercise are not provided. Given the known beneficial effects of resistance training on the management of other chronic diseases, the purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the scientific evidence about the …

Effects Of Birth Month On Talent Identification Participation And The Identification Process In Sports, Junjiro Kubo, Seidai Nishikawa, Yasunori Morioka, Hideyuki Arikawa, Keiichi Tamaki

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 2: Issue 1, Article 7, 2021. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the birth month on Talent Identification (TI) participation and the identification process in sports. The subjects were 4th grade elementary school children (mean age, 9±5.8 years) who participated in the Talent Identification Project. The method of identification was two-stage. In the first stage, the 30 m sprint, standing broad jump, and medicine ball front throw (1 kg) were performed, and 99 boys and 97 girls with high overall scores were selected to participate in the second …

Mobility Improvements After A High-Cadence Dynamic Cycling Intervention In An Individual With Motor Neuron Disease: A Case Study, Kristin Noll, Bryan T. Dowdell, Angela L. Ridgel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 791-801, 2021. Previous exercise studies in individuals with motor neuron disease have shown some positive benefits but the stress of regular exercise could result in overuse weakness in this population. The purpose of this case study is to determine the efficacy, and tolerability of a high-cadence dynamic cycling intervention in an individual with motor neuron disease. A 67-year-old male with significant lower extremity weakness and a diagnosis of idiopathic motor neuron disease completed six 30-minute sessions of high cadence dynamic cycling over a two-week period using a custom-built motorized ergometer with the motor speed …

Head Trauma Not Associated With Long Term Effects On Autonomic Function, Carley A. Shannon, Kimberli L. Pike, Sydney R. Dejonge, Paul R. Nagelkirk, Andrew T. Del Pozzi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 779-790, 2021. Contact-sports can elicit concussions, which impacts autonomic function, as well as elicit repetitive head trauma, where autonomic function has not yet been assessed. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in autonomic function exist among three groups (CTRL: healthy non-contact-sport participant, RHT: repetitive head trauma contact-sport participant, CONC: previous concussion). Forty participants (16 men and 24 women), aged 18-37 (22 ± 3), participated in the study. Participants were grouped based on their sport and concussion history (CTRL, RHT, and CONC). Body composition was measured via air displacement plethysmography. Prior …