Kinesiology Commons^™

Effect Of Swedish Massage On Doms After Strenuous Exercise, Cathleen Holub, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 258-265, 2017. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can occur after intense exercise and remain for several days. Massage is one means by which DOMS can be reduced; however, the timing of exercise, techniques applied, and timing of application produces differing outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a 20-minute Swedish massage immediately after strenuous exercise on DOMS. Procedures: Twenty college students engaged in two sets of a squatting exercise to fatigue and then the right or the left leg was immediately massaged. Effleurage, petrissage, friction and compression manual techniques were used for 10 minutes …

Adherence To Exercise Prescription And Improvements In The Clinical And Vascular Health Of African Americans, Dianne Babbitt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 246-257, 2017. Improvements in indices of vascular health and endothelial function have been inversely associated with hypertension, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure), renal failure, and mortality. Aerobic exercise training (AEXT) has been positively associated with improvements in clinical health values, as well as vascular health biomarkers, and endothelial function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether measures of exercise adherence were related to clinical outcome measures and indices of vascular health subsequent to a 6-month AEXT intervention in a middle-to-older aged African American cohort. …

Motivation Of Shoulder Surgery Patients For Rehabilitation, Skyler W. Jorgensen, Matthew R. Bice, Scott Unruh, Kazuma Akehi, Heber Crockett, Joel Mcreynolds

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 234-245, 2017 Motivation can be a valuable construct during physical rehabilitation. Rehabilitation can be uncomfortable and painful, testing patients’ rehabilitation motivation and continued participation. Maintaining motivation throughout rehabilitation is important for patients to return to optimal joint motion and daily functioning. The purpose of this research project was to examine rehabilitation motivation after shoulder surgery (rotator cuff repairs, slap repairs, biceps tenodesis, acromioplasty, distal clavicle excision or combination). Persons who underwent shoulder surgery (December 2014 – April 2015) voluntarily participated in the study. The Self Regulation Questionnaire was used to assess patients’ self-regulation and …

Non-Invasive Measures Of Core Temperature Versus Ingestible Thermistor During Exercise In The Heat, Donovan L. Fogt, Andrea L. Henning, Adam Venable, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 225-233, 2017 The accuracy of core temperature (T_c) thermometry from temporal, tympanic, and oral thermometry devices has been variable during exercise in a hot, humid environment. The purpose of the present study was to cross-validate temporal, two tympanic devices, and oral devices compared to an ingestible thermistor during exercise in a hot, humid environment. Fourteen young, active adults (6 women) completed a graded exercise test until voluntary exhaustion in an environmental chamber (35.5 ± 0.6 °C, 53.9 ± 5.8 % RH). There was no statistical difference in mean temperature between tympanic device …

Recovery Of Hip And Back Muscle Fatigue Following A Back Extension Endurance Test, Sharon Wang-Price, Mohammad Almadan, Carissa Stoddard, Dustin Moore

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 213-224, 2017 Literature has not shown the minimum time required to recover from muscle fatigue after a prolonged trunk isometric contraction. The purpose of this study was to determine if the lumbar multifidus (LM) and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles would recover from fatigue after three different rest periods following performance of a back extension endurance test. Endurance time and electromyographic (EMG) activity of bilateral LM and GM muscles were collected from 12 healthy adults during a modified Biering-Sørensen test. On three separate visits, each participant performed two modified Biering-Sørensen tests, one before and one …

Parental Influences And The Relationship To Their Children’S Physical Activity Levels, Nathan Chiarlitti, Angela Kolen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 205-212, 2017 Engaging in a physically active lifestyle relates positively to current health and reduces chances of chronic diseases in the future. Given escalating health care costs, it is paramount to reduce illnesses associated with a lack of physical activity and thus critical to identify factors that influence physical activity - especially in children, with the opportunity for a lifetime impact. One of these influencing factors may be parents/guardians. The intent of this study was to examine the relationship between children’s physical activity levels and parental factors including parental physical activity, support/encouragement, restrictiveness, and …

Aerobic Capacity Is Related To Repeated Sprint Ability With Sprint Distances Less Than 40 Meters., Gabriel J. Sanders, Zachary Turner, Brian Boos, Corey Peacock, Willard Peveler, Alar Lipping

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 197-204, 2017 Research is inconclusive regarding the association between aerobic fitness (objectively measured VO_2max) and repeated sprint performance when the sprints are less than 40 meters. Soccer athletes must be able to repeat sprints without significant decreases in speed and strength and conditioning coaches need to better understand if aerobic fitness is related to repeated sprint ability (RSA). Twenty (10 male, 10 female) Division I soccer athletes first completed a graded maximal treadmill test to measure VO_2max. Then on a separate day, athletes completed the RSA test. The RSA test …

An Acute Bout Of A Controlled Breathing Frequency Lowers Sympathetic Neural Outflow But Not Blood Pressure In Healthy Normotensive Subjects, Shannon Mcclain, Alexa Brooks, Sara Jarvis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 188-196, 2017 Controlled or paced breathing is often used as a stress reduction technique but the impact on blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic outflow have not been consistently reported. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a controlled breathing (12 breaths/min, CB) rate would be similar to an individual’s spontaneous breathing (SB) rate. Secondly, would a CB rate of 12 breaths/min alter heart rate (HR), BP, and indices of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Twenty-one subjects (10 women, 11 men) performed two trials: SB, where the subject chose a comfortable breathing rate; …

Autonomic Modulation In Older Women: Using Resistance Exercise As A Countermeasure, Hayden Gerhart, Yu Lun Tai, Curtis Fennell, Xián Mayo, J. Derek Kingsley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 178-187, 2017 It is unclear if resistance training (RT) can be used to alter declines in autonomic modulation associated with aging. Young women (YW; range 18-25 yrs) and older women (OW; range 50-72 yrs) were compared at baseline. Only OW underwent supervised RT 2 days a week for 12-weeks. Baseline and post-training measurements included heart rate variability (HRV) and complexity (Sample Entropy) to assess autonomic modulation. The 12-weeks of RT consisted of 9 exercises performing 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions. At baseline, group differences in maximal strength, and autonomic modulation were evaluated with a …

Review Of Physical Activity Benefits And Potential Considerations For Individuals With Surgical Fusion Of Spine For Scoliosis, Rumit S. Kakar, Kathy J. Simpson, Bhibha M. Das, Cathleen N. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(2): 166-177, 2017 Evidence-based recommendations for physical activity following spinal fusion surgeries for idiopathic scoliosis are limited, specifically in the adolescent population. Individuals with scoliosis treated operatively or non-operatively have been reported to participate in less than 1-3 days/week of even mildly strenuous physical exercises. Over 40% of individuals with scoliosis returned to sports at a level lower than pre-operative participation levels or did not return at all post spinal fusion. It is particularly important for human movement specialists, such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, athletic trainers and kinesiologists to assist these individuals effectively transition …

Superhero Physiology: The Case For Captain America, Stanley P. Brown, Johneric W. Smith, Matthew Mcallister, Leeann Joe

Publications

Using pop icons in the science classroom represents a creative way to engage often-distracted students in a relevant and, perhaps more importantly, fun way. When the pop icon is as universally known as Captain America, the pedagogical stage is set. However, when the movies can also be employed to link dramatic references to the science concepts at hand, we may have a very powerful tool by which linkages between fiction and science can be forged. In this regard, Captain America’s performances in several movies to date can be used to explain actual science. Granted, script writers and movie directors may …

Patellar Tendon Straps Decrease Pre-Landing Quadriceps Activation In Males With Patellar Tendinopathy, Adam B. Rosen, Jupil Ko, Kathy J. Simpson, Cathleen N. Brown

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine if patellar tendon straps altered quadriceps’ muscle activity during a drop-jump landing in males with and without patellar tendinopathy.

Design: Case-control.

Settings: Biomechanics Research Laboratory.

Participants: Twenty recreationally-active males participated: ten (age=21.3±2.4 years, height=182.8±5.3cm, mass=81.7±8.6kg) with patellar tendinopathy; ten (age=22.0±1.6 years, height=185.7±4.5 cm, mass=82.2±9.8kg) were healthy with no history of tendinopathy.

Main Outcome Measures: Electromyography (EMG) data for the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were collected. Five 2-legged 40cm drop-jumps were performed wearing a patellar tendon strap and 5 with no-strap in a counterbalanced order.

Root-mean …

The Feasibility Of Using The Super Tracker Website For Behavior Changes In The Adolescent Population, Ebony Taylor, Diana Cuy Castellanos

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Research suggests technology such as health websites may be a viable way to effect lifestyle behavior and promote health. Several websites utilize self-monitoring of physical activity and diet as well as provide health-related education as a method to impact behavior. One such site is the Super Tracker tool on ChooseMyPlate.gov, created by the United States Department of Health. The site was created to encourage healthy diet and physical activity within the US population. Therefore, the aim of this original research was to examine the acceptability and feasibility outcomes of a self-monitoring physical activity intervention delivered by the Super Tracker website …

Developmental Trajectories Of Bottle-Feeding During Infancy And Their Association With Weight Gain, Alison K. Ventura

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: To describe patterns of bottle-feeding across the first year postpartum and explore whether bottle-feeding trajectories are differentially associated with infant weight gain.

Method: Data came from 1291 mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study 2. Mothers completed a prenatal questionnaire and monthly surveys of infant feeding and growth between birth and 12 months. Group-based trajectory mixture modeling was used to describe developmental trajectories of bottle-feeding intensities across the first year. Growth curve modeling was used to explore associations between bottle-feeding intensity trajectory group membership and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) trajectories from birth to 12 months.

Results: Four qualitatively …

Turning Performance Of Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis During Attacks On Shrimp And Fish, Rachel A. Jastrebsky, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Krueger

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Although squid are generally considered to be effective predators, little is currently known of how squid maneuver and position themselves during prey strikes. In this study, high-speed video and kinematic analyses were used to study attacks by the brief squid Lolliguncula brevis on both shrimp and fish. Squid attack successwas high (>80%) and three behavioral phases were identified: (1) approach, (2) strike and (3) recoil. Lolliguncula brevis demonstrated greater maneuverability (i.e. a smaller length-specific turning radius) and employed more body adjustments (i.e. mantle angle posturing) during approaches toward shrimp versus fish. Squid exhibited higher linear approach/strike velocities and accelerations …

Reliability Of Pulse Waveform Separation Analysis: Effects Of Posture And Fasting, Lee Stoner, Daniel Credeur, Simon Fryer, James Faulkner, Danielle Lambrick, Bathany Barone Gibbs

Faculty Publications

Objective: Oscillometric pulse wave analysis devices enable, with relative simplicity and objectivity, the measurement of central hemodynamic parameters. The important parameters are central blood pressures and indices of arterial wave reflection, including wave separation analysis (backward pressure component P_b and reflection magnitude). This study sought to determine whether the measurement precision (between-day reliability) of P_b and reflection magnitude: exceeds the criterion for acceptable reliability; and is affected by posture (supine, seated) and fasting state.

Methods: Twenty healthy adults (50% female, 27.9 years, 24.2 kg/m²) were tested on six different mornings: 3 days fasted, 3 …

Effects Of Smartphone Texting On The Visual Perception And Dynamic Walking Stability, Jongil Lim, Seung Ho Chang, Jihyun Lee, Kijeong Kim

Faculty Publications

Mobile phone use while walking can cause dual-task interference and increases safety risks by increasing attentional and cognitive demands. While the interference effect on cognitive function has been examined extensively, how perception of the environment and walking dynamics are affected by mobile phone use while walking is not well understood. The amount of visual information loss and its consequent impact on dynamic walking stability was examined in this study. Young adults (mean, 20.3 years) volunteered and walked on a treadmill while texting and attending to visual tasks simultaneously. Performance of visual task, field of regard loss, and margin of stability …

The Influence Of Oblique-Angle Forced Exercise In Surgically Destabilized Stifle Joints Is Synergistic With Bone, But Antagonistic With Cartilage In An Ovine Model Of Osteoarthritis, Rachel J. Hill, Holly M. Mason, Gavin Yeip, Samer S. Merchant, Aaron L. Olsen, Rusty D. Stott, Adam Raikes, Eadric Bressel, Jeffery B. Mason

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Large animal models of osteoarthritis are a necessary testing ground for FDA approval of human medicine applications. Sheep models have advantages over other available large animals, but development and progression of osteoarthritis in sheep is exceedingly slow, which handicaps progress in development of potential treatments. We combined oblique angle forced exercise to increase stress on the stifle, with surgical destabilization to hasten the development of osteoarthritis in ewes. Methods for early detection of clinical signs included radiography, urine, and serum biomarker assays and gait analysis and ex vivo we used microcomputed tomography and macroscopic joint analysis. Our model was able …

Gait Changes In A Line Of Mice Artificially Selected For Longer Limbs, Leah M. Sparrow, Emily Pellattt, Sabrina S. Yu, David A. Raichlen, Herman Pontzer, Campbell Rolian

Publications and Research

In legged terrestrial locomotion, the duration of stance phase, i.e., when limbs are in contact with the substrate, is positively correlated with limb length, and negatively correlated with the metabolic cost of transport. These relationships are well documented at the interspecific level, across a broad range of body sizes and travel speeds. However, such relationships are harder to evaluate within species (i.e., where natural selection operates), largely for practical reasons, including low population variance in limb length, and the presence of confounding factors such as body mass, or training. Here, we compared spatiotemporal kinematics of gait in Longshanks, a long-legged …

Body Size And Lower Limb Posture During Walking In Humans, Martin Hora, Libor Soumar, Herman Pontzer, Vladimír Sládek

Publications and Research

We test whether locomotor posture is associated with body mass and lower limb length in humans and explore how body size and posture affect net joint moments during walking. We acquired gait data for 24 females and 25 males using a three-dimensional motion capture system and pressure-measuring insoles. We employed the general linear model and commonality analysis to assess the independent effect of body mass and lower limb length on flexion angles at the hip, knee, and ankle while controlling for sex and velocity. In addition, we used inverse dynamics to model the effect of size and posture on net …

Naturally-Occurring Changes In Social-Cognitive Factors Modify Change In Physical Activity During Early Adolescence, Rod K. Dishman, Marsha Dowda, Kerry L. Mciver, Ruth P. Saunders, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Purpose

To determine whether naturally-occurring changes in children’s motives and beliefs are associated with the steep decline in physical activity observed from childhood to early adolescence.

Methods

Latent growth modeling was applied in longitudinal tests of social-cognitive influences, and their interactions, on physical activity in a large cohort of boys and girls evaluated annually between 5th and 7th grades.

Results

Measurement equivalence of motives and beliefs was confirmed between boys and girls. After adjustment for gender and maturity differences, physical activity declined less in children who reported the least decreases in self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to activity and perceived parental …

Online Information-Seeking Behaviors Of Parents Of Children With Adhd, Adam Sage, Delesha Carpenter, Robyn Sayner, Kathleen Thomas, Larry Mann, Sandra H. Sulzer, Adrian D. Sandler, Betsy Sleath

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

This article describes (a) parent questions about ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), (b) parent Internet use to seek ADHD information, and (c) associations between type of Internet access and ADHD information-seeking. Seventy parents of children (ages 7-17 years) with ADHD completed questionnaires after their child’s visit with their pediatrician. Bivariate relationships were assessed using chi-square statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, or t tests. Parents identified an average of 8.9 questions about ADHD for their child’s provider. Common questions were related to medication and long-term implications of ADHD. A majority of parents searched the Internet for general ADHD information (87%) and ADHD medication …

Implementing Exercise In Cancer Care: Study Protocol To Evaluate A Community-Based Exercise Program For People With Cancer, Prue Cormie, Stephanie Lamb, Robert Newton, Lani Valentine, Sandy Mckiernan, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Dennis Taaffe, Christopher M. Doran, Daniel A. Galvão

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Clinical research has established the efficacy of exercise in reducing treatment-related side-effects and increasing wellbeing in people with cancer. Major oncology organisations have identified the importance of incorporating exercise in comprehensive cancer care but information regarding effective approaches to translating evidence into practice is lacking. This paper describes the implementation of a community-based exercise program for people with cancer and the protocol for program evaluation.

Methods/Design

The Life Now Exercise program is a community-based exercise intervention designed to mitigate and rehabilitate the adverse effects of cancer and its treatment and improve physical and psychosocial wellbeing in people with cancer. …

Soft-Tissue Artifact Compensation For Electromagnetic Motion Capture, George T. Dickinson, Steven K. Charles

Biomedical Engineering Western Regional Conference

This purpose of this study is to develop a soft-tissue artifact compensation algorithm for the upper arm using electromagnetic motion capture systems that can be implemented in a wide range of applications. This study focuses on compensation of humeral axial rotation and forearm axial rotation.

Understanding Contributing Factors To Child Drownings In Public Pools In Australia: A Review Of National Coronial Records, Lauren A. Petrass Dr, Jennifer Blitvich

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This study examined the incidence and circumstances associated with child drowning in public pools in Australia; and identified the frequency and nature of coroners’ recommendations. Retrospective case-series analysis of child (aged 0-10 years) unintentional drowning deaths in public pools were conducted based on Coronial data. A total of 12 child drownings were identified. A lack of supervision was recognized as the key contributing factor in 92% of cases, with the caregiver responsible for multiple children (83%); older children supervising younger children (17%); and a busy pool environment (25%) consistently linked with in-adequate supervision. To address drownings in public pools it …

Effect Of In-Water Scuba Diving Activities On Response Time In Recreational Divers, Christopher R. Kovacs Ph.D., Trevor D. Paulsen M.S.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the performance of in-water scuba diving training activities and simple motor response time. Twenty-four students enrolled in a scuba course had their motor response times measured before and after a one hour training session. Pre- and post-dive response times were measured using an iPad application. Additionally, students were asked to complete a dive history questionnaire to determine their diving experience and health history. Statistical analysis indicated a significant training effect on response time in the recreational scuba divers F (1.00, 23.00) p =.033. The results of this study suggest …

The Need For Standardized Assessment Of Muscle Quality In Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit And Other Aging-Related Muscle Dysfunctions: A Symposium Report, Rosaly Correa De Araujo, Michael O. Harris-Love, Iva Miljkovic, Maren Fragala, Brian Anthony, Todd Manini

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

A growing body of scientific literature suggests that not only changes in skeletal muscle mass, but also other factors underpinning muscle quality, play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle function and impaired mobility associated with aging. A symposium on muscle quality and the need for standardized assessment was held on April 28, 2016 at the International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The purpose of this symposium was to provide a venue for basic science and clinical researchers and expert clinicians to discuss muscle quality in the context of skeletal muscle function deficit and other …

Eccentric Exercise Program Design: A Periodization Model For Rehabilitation Applications, Michael O. Harris-Love, Bryant Seamon, Tomas I. Gonzales, Haniel J. Hernandez, Donte Pennington, Brian Hoover

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

The applied use of eccentric muscle actions for physical rehabilitation may utilize the framework of periodization. This approach may facilitate the safe introduction of eccentric exercise and appropriate management of the workload progression. The purpose of this data-driven Hypothesis and Theory paper is to present a periodization model for isokinetic eccentric strengthening of older adults in an outpatient rehabilitation setting. Exemplar and group data are used to describe the initial eccentric exercise prescription, structured familiarization procedures, workload progression algorithm, and feasibility of the exercise regimen. Twenty-four men (61.8 ±6.3 years of age) completed a 12-week isokinetic eccentric strengthening regimen involving …

Impaired Peripheral Vasodilation During Graded Systemic Hypoxia In Healthy Older Adults: Role Of The Sympathoadrenal System, Jennifer C. Richards, Anne R. Crecelius, Dennis G. Larson, Gary J. Luckasen, Frank A. Dinenno

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Systemic hypoxia is a physiological and pathophysiological stress that activates the sympathoadrenal system and, in young adults, leads to peripheral vasodilation. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation to graded systemic hypoxia is impaired in older healthy adults and that this age-associated impairment is due to attenuated β-adrenergic mediated vasodilation and elevated α-adrenergic vasoconstriction. Forearm blood flow was measured (Doppler ultrasound) and vascular conductance (FVC) was calculated in 12 young (24±1 yrs) and 10 older (63±2 yrs) adults to determine the local dilatory responses to graded hypoxia (90, 85, and 80% O2 saturations) in control conditions, following local intra-arterial blockade …

The Effect Of Time Of Day Of Chronic Exercise On Neural Response To Visual Food Cues, Jessica Taylor Davies

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the effect of an 8-week, progressive exercise intervention on neural responses, specifically N2 amplitude as a measure of inhibitory control, to pictures of food. Healthy women ages 18-44 years were randomized to a morning (AM) exercise group or evening (PM) exercise group. The AM group did moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise on 4 days per week between 6:30 and 9:30 a.m. while the PM group had the identical volume of exercise between 6:30 and 9:30 p.m. Neural responses, eating behaviors, cardiovascular fitness outcomes, and body weight/composition were measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. The N2 amplitude in …