Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Training Intensity On Vo2max In Young Healthy Adults: A Meta-Regression And Meta-Analysis, Trisha Scribbans, Stephan Vecsey, Hankinson Paul, William Foster, Brendon Gurd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 230-247, 2016. Exercise training at a variety of intensities increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the strongest predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The purpose of the present study was to perform a systematic review, meta-regression and meta-analysis of available literature to determine if a dose-response relationship exists between exercise intensity and training-induced increases in VO2max in young healthy adults. Twenty-eight studies involving human participants (Mean age: 23±1 yr; Mean VO2max: 3.4±0.8 l·min−1) were included in the meta-regression with exercise training intensity, session dose, baseline VO2max, and total training volume used as covariates. These studies …

Metabolic And Energy Cost Of Sitting, Standing, And A Novel Sitting/Stepping Protocol In Recreationally Active College Students, Charles J. Fountaine, Josh Johann, Craig Skalko, Gary A. Liguori

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 223-229, 2016. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in metabolic and energy cost (MEC) of college students while seated, standing, and during a sitting/stepping protocol. Participants were assessed via indirect calorimetry for 20 min in each of the following conditions: 1) seated in a standard office chair, 2) standing in place, and 3) a sitting/stepping protocol in which participants performed 1 min of stepping in place at 90 bpm, sat for 9 min, then repeated the stepping and sitting sequence once more. Participants completed each of the 3 trials in …

Poor Quality Of Instruction Leads To Poor Motor Performance Regardless Of Internal Or External Focus Of Attention, M. Jay Polsgrove, Tom E. Parry, Nathan T. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 214-222, 2016. The view that external focus of attention provides beneficial performance outcomes when compared to an internal focus of attention has been consistently supported in the movement performance literature. While type of focus has been well investigated, the current study examined the influence of quality of instruction as a variation of the type of focus. Specifically, the purpose of the study investigated how performance-enhancing instructions would differ from performance-neutral instructions on an agility performance. An agility L-run was used to measure performance in the four counterbalanced conditions: Internal-Performance Neutral (INT-PN), Internal-Performance Enhancing (INT-PE), …

The Effects Of A Commercial, Pre-Exercise Energy Drink Supplement On Power, Muscular Endurance, And Repeated Sprint Speed, Bill I. Campbell, Jasmine L. Richmond, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 205-213, 2016. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ingesting a pre-workout commercial energy drink supplement on multiple parameters of physical performance, including upper body and trunk muscular endurance, muscular power, and repeated sprint speed. 19 college-aged males (n = 8) and females (n = 11) participated in this randomized, double-blind, parallel groups study. At baseline and post-testing (about one week after baseline testing), anaerobic power (assessed via a countermovement vertical jump), muscular endurance (assessed via YMCA bench press test and a curl-up test), and repeated sprint speed were assessed. …

Teacher Perceptions Of Fitnessgram® And Application Of Results, William M. Miller, Sean M. Bulger, Hugh D. Campbell, Eloise Elliott, Christa L. Lilly, Robert L. Wiegand

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 187-204, 2016. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of physical educators toward state-mandated use of FITNESSGRAM®. Two validated instruments were employed to collect data regarding teacher (n=174) perceptions and use. Mean (M) and standard deviations (SD) were calculated for all scale scores with t-tests and ANOVAs testing for differences by selected demographics. Overall attitudes toward FITNESSGRAM® were slightly positive (M = 4.52, SD = 1.06) on a 7-point Likert scale. The demographic variable gender (p = 0.017) was found to be …

The Effects Of A Plyometric Training Program On Jump Performance In Collegiate Figure Skaters: A Pilot Study, Jennifer L. Hunnicutt, Craig L. Elder, J. Jay Dawes, Amanda J. Sinclair Elder

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 175-186, 2016. Plyometric training has been implemented to increase jump height in a variety of sports, but its effects have not been researched in figure skating. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a plyometric training program on on-ice and off-ice jump performance. Six collegiate figure skaters (19.8±1.2 years; 164.7±4.9 cm; 60.3±11.6 kg) completed a six-week sport-specific plyometric training program, consisting of low to moderate intensity plyometric exercises, while eight collegiate figure skaters (21.1±3.9 years; 162.6±6.0 cm; 60.4±6.1 kg) served as the control group. Significant increases were found for vertical …

Geometric Entropy For Lead Vs Top-Rope Rock Climbing, Phillip B. Watts, Scott N. Drum, Matthew A. Kilgas, Kevin C. Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 168-174, 2016. The complexity of movement of a rock climber’s center of mass during an ascent has been described as geometric entropy (GE). It has been proposed that lower geometric entropy could represent more fluid and economical movement during climbing. The purpose of the present study was to measure GE during rock climbing ascents under a lead condition (LD), where the climber connects a safety rope to several intermediate anchors during the ascent and under a top-rope condition (TR), where the safety rope is always anchored above the climber. Six experienced rock climbers volunteered …

Increasing Lean Mass And Strength: A Comparison Of High Frequency Strength Training To Low Frequency Strength Training, Michael Thomas, Steve Burns

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 159-167, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect strength training frequency has on improvements in lean mass and strength. Participants were 7 women and 12 men, age ( = 34.64 years ± 6.91 years), with strength training experience, training age ( = 51.16 months ± 39.02 months). Participants were assigned to one of two groups to equal baseline group demographics. High frequency training group (HFT) trained each muscle group as the agonist, 3 times per week, exercising with 3 sets per muscle group per session (3 total body workouts). Low …

Three Week Hypergravity Training Intervention Decreases Ground Contact Time During Repeated Jumping And Improves Sprinting And Shuttle Running Performance, Eric M. Scudamore, Jordan B. Lowe, Veronika Přibyslavská, Samantha L. Johnson, Mary C. Stevenson, Tyler W. Langford, James M. Green, Eric K. O'Neal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 149-158, 2016. This study examined the effects of a non-traditional training method, hypergravity training (HT), on anaerobic performance. Highly active men (n = 9) completed a 3 week HT protocol in which weighted vests were worn 8 h/day, 4+ days/week separate from training. Vest loads were 11.2 ± 0.6% of body mass during week one, and increased to 13.2 ± 0.7% (week 2), and 16.1 ± 0.4% (week 3). Performance testing included power clean 1-RM (PC), counter movement jumps, 4 continuous jumps, 36.6 m sprints (SP), a 137.2 m short shuttle run (SSR), and …

The Effects Of A Lifetime Physical Activity And Fitness Course On College Students’ Health Behaviors, Ale Quartiroli, Hotaka Maeda

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 136-148, 2016. The purpose of this study was to examine motivational constructs and the effect of physical activity engagement on health behaviors in college students who were required to take a 15-week lifetime physical fitness (LPF) course for graduation. A total of fifty-eight first and second year college students aged between 17 and 23 years (M=18.72; SD=1.09). Paper and pencil questionnaires were anonymously administered at the beginning and at the end of the 15-week long spring 2012 semester. Analysis of the differences between the beginning and the end of the semester …

Motives For Physical Activity And Physiological Variables As Predictors Of Exercise Intentions Following A High Intensity Interval Training Protocol In College-Age Females, Jody L. Langdon, Sarah Joseph, Kristina L. Kendall, Brandonn Harris, Jim Mcmillan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 121-135, 2016. More females are classified as insufficiently active and may have little time for physical activity than males (28). Sufficient activity for adults includes a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, five days per week or 20 minutes of vigorous intensity exercise three days per week, or a combination of these, in addition to the resistance training recommendation of training each muscle group two times per week (14). High intensity interval training (defined as very short intense intervals, usually above 85% maximum heart rate accompanied by alternated passive recovery periods; …

The Effect Of Single-Leg Stance On Dancer And Control Group Static Balance, Elisabeth A. Kilroy, Olivia M. Crabtree, Brittany Crosby, Amanda Parker, William R. Barfield

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 110-120, 2016. The purpose of this study was to compare kinetic differences of static balance between female dancers (D) with at least seven years of dance experience and female non-dancers (ND) who were typical college students. Participants were tested in single-leg stance. Both the dominant leg (DL) and non-dominant leg (NDL) were tested with the participants shod (S) and barefoot (BF). Kinetic variables (vertical, medio-lateral [ML], antero-posterior [AP] maximum ground reaction forces (GRF), and center of pressure (COP) ML and AP) were measured by a Bertec force platform at 1000 Hz with participants S …

Exercise Training Improves Vascular Mitochondrial Function, Song-Young Park, Matthew J. Rossman, J. R. Gifford, Leena P. Bharath, Johann Bauersachs, Russell S. Richardson, E. Dale Abel, J. David Symons, Christian Riehle

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Exercise training is recognized to improve cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity; however, the impact of chronic exercise on vascular mitochondrial respiratory function is unknown. We hypothesized that exercise training concomitantly increases both vascular mitochondrial respiratory capacity and vascular function. Arteries from both sedentary (SED) and swim-trained (EX, 5 wk) mice were compared in terms of mitochondrial respiratory function, mitochondrial content, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox balance, nitric oxide (NO) signaling, and vessel function. Mitochondrial complex I and complex I + II state 3 respiration and the respiratory control ratio (complex I + II state 3 respiration/complex I state …

The Construct And Predictive Validity Of Psychosocial Correlates Of Television Viewing, Raheem J. Paxton, Pascal Jean-Pierre, Sae-Hwan Park, Yong Gao, Stephen Hermann, Gregory J. Norman

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Many studies have examined the consequences of prolonged television viewing, but few studies have examined the psychological states that contribute to this behavior. In this study, we evaluated the construct and predictive validity of psychosocial correlates of television viewing in a population of African American (AA) breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods: AA BCS (N = 342, Mean age = 54 years) completed measures of decisional balance, self-efficacy, family support, and time spent watching television online. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to examine the construct and predictive validity as well as the differential item functioning of the instruments …

Examining The Relationship Between Training Environment And Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms, Michelle F. Bubnis

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by preoccupation with muscularity. Although there is a growing body of research concerning MD, there is a lack of research concerning the potential role exercise training environment has on the clinical features of MD. The purpose of this study was to compare MD symptomology in traditional strength-trained (TRAD) individuals to individuals training in communal high intensity functional training environments (HIFT). Participants were recruited from both types of facilities. Participants (N=376) completed online (Qualtrics) demographics survey and Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI). One-way ANOVA compared the effect of training environment on MDI scores among HIFT, TRAD, both …

Preliminary Results On Organization On The Court, Physical And Technical Performance Of Brazilian Professional Futsal Players: Comparison Between Friendly Pre-Season And Official Match, Luiz Henrique Palucci Vieira, Sera N. Doğramaci, Ricardo Augusto Barbieri, Fabio Milioni, Felipe Arruda Moura, Vitor Luiz De Andrade, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago

Athletic Performance Research

The main aim of this study was to verify possible differences between a friendly pre-season match (FM) and an official in-season match (OM) regarding physical, technical, and organizational performances of a professional Brazilian futsal team. Ten professional futsal athletes participated in this study. The matches were monitored with video cameras (30 Hz) and athlete trajectories obtained with automatic tracking. The values obtained for distance covered per minute, percentage of distance covered at moderate intensity, team coverage area, spread, passes, possessions, ball touches and successful passes per minute were greater for the OM than FM. On the contrary, percentage of distance …

Pertinacity Volume 2 Issue 1, Yuri Hosokawa

Pertinacity

No abstract provided.

The Construct And Predictive Validity Of Instruments Measuring The Psychosocial Correlates Of Television Viewing, Raheem J. Paxton, Pascal Jean-Pierre, Sae-Hwan Park, Yong Gao, Stephen D. Herrmann, Gregory J. Norman

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Many studies have examined the consequences of prolonged television viewing, but few studies have examined the psychological states that contribute to this behavior. In this study, we evaluated the construct and predictive validity of psychosocial correlates of television viewing in a population of African American (AA) breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods: AA BCS (N = 342, Mean age = 54 years) completed measures of decisional balance, self-efficacy, family support, and time spent watching television online. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to examine the construct and predictive validity as well as the differential item functioning of the instruments …

The Effects Of A Fat Loss Supplement On Resting Metabolic Rate And Hemodynamic Variables In Resistance Trained Males: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial, Bill I. Campbell, Ryan J. Colquhoun, Gina Zito, Nicholas Martinez, Kristina Kendall, Laura Buchanan, Matt Lehn, Mallory Johnson, Courtney St. Louis, Yasmin Smith, Brad Cloer

Physical Education and Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Background: While it is known that dietary supplements containing a combination of thermogenic ingredients can increase resting metabolic rate (RMR), the magnitude can vary based on the active ingredient and/or combination of active ingredients. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a commercially available thermogenic fat loss supplement on RMR and hemodynamic variables in healthy, resistance trained males.

Methods: Ten resistance-trained male participants (29 ± 9 years; 178 ± 4 cm; 85.7 ± 11 kg, and BMI = 26.8 ± 3.7) volunteered to participate in this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over study. Participants underwent two testing …

Failures In Adaptive Locomotion In Healthy Young Adults, Michel J. H. Heijnen

Open Access Dissertations

Young adults fall most frequently when walking, and trips account for 25% of these falls (Heijnen & Rietdyk, 2016). Common approaches to understanding tripping include the examination of behavior when a stationary obstacle is crossed successfully, or to deliberately trip the participant with a covert obstacle. However, these approaches do not establish the underlying cause of failure; examining inadvertent failures does, as this occurs most often in the field (Heijnen & Rietdyk, 2016). In order to identify the behavior that results in obstacle contact, this dissertation examined gait characteristics during inadvertent failures and manipulated the sensory information available to guide …

Ingestion Of A Nutritional Supplement Pre-Workout Will Increase Exercise Time-To-Fatigue, Allison D. Bloomer, Beena R. Chemmanchery, Rachel Liebowitz, Hannah M. Zalaker

Kinesiology 288

Everyone fatigues at the end of an intense exercise bout. However, previous research has indicated that ingestion of a mixed nutrient supplement one hour pre-exercise will increase exercise time-to-fatigue¹. For this experiment, four females between the ages 20-50 participated in a controlled pilot study. Exercise was performed using a row machine, where time- to-fatigue was measured from a baseline of 80% max HR (220 minus age). The nutrient supplement was ingested 1 hour pre-rowing and contained 30g of protein, 5g carbohydrate, and 3g of fat. Results showed that pre-exercise ingestion of a mixed protein supplement did increase row time-to-fatigue.

Blood Glucose Levels And High Intensity Exercise With Respect To Meal Timing, Gabriel S. Barnett, Bryan A. Frees

Kinesiology 288

The research conducted was about monitoring blood glucose levels with exercise with respect to meal timing. It has been hypothesized that with short bouts of high intensity exercise, one can raise their blood glucose levels because in acute response to high intensity exercise. Previous research has shown that with long bouts of exercise while fasting you can lower blood glucose levels. This study is testing the meal timing from fasting to right before the exercise and also eating one and two hours before combined with a 50 minute moderate to high intensity workout, keeping the heart rate in zones 3- …

Average Strength Comparison Between Males And Females In Weight Training, Jaz M. Kates, Josh D. Payne

Kinesiology 288

In our research we wanted to look at the comparison in strength between males and females in weight training. In recent research, we were able to look at sex stereotypes when considering sport and exercise. A particular study stated that, “… sport is still viewed as a “male area” in western countries, and recent reports indicate that boys/men still participate more in sports, compared to girls/women” (Boiche 1). So, we took three males and three females from Parkland College to test our hypothesis. Before beginning our research, our hypothesis was that males would be higher in all categories. In other …

A Perceptual Motor Intervention Improves Play Behavior In Children With Moderate To Severe Cerebral Palsy, Bridget O. Ryalls, Regina T. Harbourne, Lisa Kelly-Vance, Jordan Wickstrom, Nikolaos Stergiou, Anastasia Kyvelidou

Journal Articles

For children with moderate or severe cerebral palsy (CP), a foundational early goal is independent sitting. Sitting offers additional opportunities for object exploration, play and social engagement. The achievement of sitting coincides with important milestones in other developmental areas, such as social engagement with others, understanding of spatial relationships, and the use of both hands to explore objects. These milestones are essential skills necessary for play behavior. However, little is known about how sitting and play behavior might be affected by a physical therapy intervention in children with moderate or severe CP. Therefore, our overall purpose in this study was …

Effects Of Combination Ice And Compression Socks On Resting Calf Blood Flow In Trained Male Athletes, Michael John Hudock Jr.

Honors Theses

Compression socks are common tools that are utilized in the realm of athletics. The purpose of the compression is to increase blood flow to the lower extremities, thereby increasing oxygen and energy sources needed for increased skeletal muscle function and/or recovery. Recently, a product has been marketed that combines the compression element with cryotherapy, the goal being increased blood flow to the lower extremities while reducing inflammation post-workout to quicken recovery. However, to our knowledge, direct measures of blood flow using this type of product have not been performed. Thus, this study looks at the effects of compression with and …

Factors Lnfluencing Weight Gain And Perceived Barriers Of Exercise In First Semester College Students, Noah C. Neuenfeldt

Masters Theses

College students believe that university weight management interventions impact their health habits. This suggests that universities can play a large role in encouraging students to be active. The purpose of this study was to investigate this claim and to acquire a better understanding of weight change in first year college students in the first semester. We specifically sought to identify the variables that influence weight gain, as well as determine the awareness and usage of resources available to the students. A survey was given to first year students addressing the variables of interest including change in weight and Body Mass …

The Effects Of Fitness Level And Sex On Epoc Following High Intensity Interval And Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise, Rachel Lauren Simmons

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

In the past few years, much attention has been directed toward shorter-duration vigorous intensity aerobic exercise as opposed to longer-duration moderate intensity exercise. There is conflicting evidence as to whether vigorous exercise can result in a greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and thus more calories burned when compared to moderate continuous exercise performed for a longer duration. In addition, the literature contains a dearth of information isolating and investigating male and female response to these exercises, as well as fit and unfit subjects. The purpose of this study was to quantify EPOC following moderate intensity aerobic exercise (MOD) and …

The Effects Of A Single-Dose Thermogenic Supplement On Resting Metabolic Rate And Hemodynamic Variables In Healthy Females - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial, Bill I. Campbell, Gina Zito, Ryan Colquhoun, Nicholas Martinez, Kristina Kendall, Laura Buchanan, Matt Lehn, Mallory Johnson, Courtney St. Louis, Yasmin Smith, Brad Cloer, Allison Pingel

Physical Education and Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Background: Recent investigations have identified that commercially available dietary supplements, containing a combination of thermogenic ingredients, can increase resting metabolic rate (RMR). Thermogenic dietary supplements can have a positive influence on RMR, but the magnitude can vary based on the active ingredient and/or combination of active ingredients. Additionally, further safety evaluation is needed on multi-ingredient supplements that contain caffeine, due to its potential effect on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a commercially available dietary supplement on RMR and hemodynamic variables in healthy females.

Methods: 13 female participants …

Anti-Fat Attitudes And Weight Bias Internalization: An Investigation Of How Bmi Impacts Perceptions, Opinions And Attitudes, Laurie Schrider

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Americans hold negative and judgmental attitudes towards obese and overweight individuals and these anti-fat attitudes and weight stigma have become a damaging form of discrimination. The internalization of weight bias and anti-fat attitudes contributes to negative health outcomes including: feelings of devalue, self-hate, anxiety, depression, body dissatisfaction and eating disturbances. The purpose of this study was to investigate weight bias internalization in individuals who perceive themselves as overweight as well as to examine differences in anti-fat attitudes among normal and overweight individuals. A sample of 202 male and females completed an online survey that assessed anti-fat attitudes via the Anti-Fat …

The Effect Of Exercise Order On Body Fat Loss During Concurrent Training, Tonya Lee Davis-Miller

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

While the benefits of both cardiovascular exercise and resistance training have been well documented, there is a lack of evidence for the order of exercise that is most effective when both are done in the same day. This study was designed to look at two groups of participants performing both resistance (R) and cardiovascular (C) training in the same day to determine if their order, resistance before cardiovascular (R-C) or cardiovascular before resistance (C-R), matter with regard to changes in body composition, maximal strength, and maximal aerobic capacity. The participants were 17 women between the ages of 30 and 55 …