Kinesiology Commons^™

Associations Of Smoking Status And Serious Psychological Distress With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Ke-Sheng Wang, Liang Wang, Shimin Zheng, Long-Yang Wu

ETSU Faculty Works

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been a major public health problem due to its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD, while serious psychological distress (SPD) is prevalent among COPD patients. However, no study focusing on the effect of SPD on COPD has been so far conducted, while few studies have focused on the associations of SPD and behavioral factors with COPD by smoking status.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations of SPD and behavioral factors (such as smoking and physical activity) with COPD.

Materials and Methods: Weighted logistic regression …

Promoting Weight Loss Before Pregnancy: Feasible Or Futile?, Suzanne Phelan, Todd Hagobian, Anna Brannen, Ana Stewart, Brianna Schmid, Leonard Cedars

Kinesiology and Public Health

Pre-pregnancy obesity is a well-established risk factor for several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, cesarean sections, and fetal macrosomia. Weight loss before pregnancy could help prevent such complications, but the feasibility of such an approach remains unknown. The current study examined the feasibility of a 3-month pre-pregnancy behavioral weight loss program in 12 overweight/obese women planning pregnancy. The 3 month program resulted in an average 5.4 ± 3.0 kg weight loss and significant improvements in self-monitoring, physical activity, eating and exercise self-efficacy, and healthy eating (p < 0.04). By the end of the 9 month follow-up, half of sample (n = 6) had conceived. Women reported significant increases in weekly or more frequent self-weighing (p < 0.0001), counting calories (p < 0.001), consuming fruit and vegetables (p = 0.007), and cutting out fat (p = 0.0001) and junk foods (p = 0.002). A lifestyle modification program to promote weight loss before pregnancy promoted clinically significant weight loss and appeared feasible.

Effect Of Warm-Up Activity On Vertical Ground Reaction Forces In Basketball Players During Drop Jump Landings, Jacob Wesley Hinkel-Lipsker

Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

Effect of Warm-Up Activity on Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Basketball Players During Drop Jump Landings

Jacob Hinkel-Lipsker

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of certain warm-up activities on vertical ground reaction forces (GRF_v) during a drop jump landing. Methods: Eight women and twelve men (mean age 22.6 ± 1.82 years) completed three warm-up activities on three separate days in a counterbalanced order: a passive stretching warm-up, a dynamic warm-up, and a no warm-up control. After completing each activity, participants were asked to perform eight drop jump landings on a force platform. …

Chronic Ankle Instability And Lower Extremity Joint Absorption, Heather Mcdonald Nope, Ty Hopkins, Matt Gage

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Nearly everyone involved in sports has witnessed or experienced an ankle injury. Often these primary injuries lead to secondary knee or hip pain. The purpose of this study was to learn more about how the body reacts to ankle injuries, in regard to absorbing energy in joints. The hypothesis states that subjects with chronic ankle instability will absorb more energy in the knee and hip. Conversely, subjects without chronic ankle instability will absorb more energy in the ankle.

Increasing Electrical Stimulation Frequency Above Cramp Threshold Frequency Increases The Strength And Duration Of Electrically-Induced Muscle Cramps, Steven Wilding, Dr. Kenneth Knight

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Muscle cramps are the most common heat-related illness experienced by athletes (Cooper et al, Journal of Athletic Training, 2006, 41, 332-336). Muscle cramps also occur frequently at night (“night cramps”) and in the elderly. Because the cause of muscle cramps is unknown, our treatments for them are often times unsuccessful. In fact, less than 50% of athletic trainers felt they were very successful in treating muscle cramps (Stone et al, J Sport Rehab, 2003, 333-342).

Validity Of Four Activity Monitors During Controlled And Free-Living Conditions, Joey Lee

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the step count validity of the pendulum-based Yamax Digiwalker SW-701 pedometer (YX), piezoelectric Omron HJ-720-T pedometer (OP), uni-axial Polar Active accelerometer (PAC), and micro electro-mechanical system Actigraph gt3x accelerometer (AG) during controlled and free-living conditions. A convenience sample of college-aged students participated in Study 1 (treadmill walking, n = 43; 21 females) and Study 2 (free-living, n = 37; 18 females). During study 1, subjects walked on a treadmill at five speeds for 3-minutes per stage wearing all four devices while a researcher manually counted steps which provided a criterion measure. During …

Exercise Intensity And Cytoskeletal Protein In Rats, Brett Noble, Dr. Allen Parcell

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Research in the field of exercise science, as in any scientific field, is changing and developing as knowledge of each intricate part of the human organism grows. Unfortunately such understanding can only be developed through tedious, ongoing research in labs. Comparative to other scientific fields, the study of exercise physiology, particularly that of the structural proteins in skeletal muscle, is relatively new. There is still much to be learned and studied. The data which we gathered contributed to the ever growing body of information that helps us better understand how skeletal muscle functions.

Upper Extremity Functional Dexterity Changes Due To Neck Extensor Or Forearm Muscle Fatigue, Rachel Sommerfeldt, Dr. A. Wayne Johnson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Neck pain and headaches related to neck pain will affect an estimated two thirds of the population at some time during their life. The pain may be caused by high-intensity exertion, such as whiplash, or from prolonged low-intensity exertion. An accepted explanation for neck pain is fatigue of the neck muscles caused by the sustained contraction which is required to hold the head in position. Studies suggest that a significant reduction of muscle function is a result of long term neck fatigue. Thus, an individual suffering from neck pain may have reduced muscle function, limiting activity and requiring changes in …

Effects Of Betaine On Body Composition, Performance, And Homocysteine Thiolactone, Jason M. Cholewa, Monika Wyszczelska-Rokiel, Rafal Glowacki, Hieronim Jakubowski, Tracey Matthews, Richard Wood, Stuart A.S. Craig, Vincent Paolone

Kinesiology

Background: This study investigated the effects of long term betaine supplementation on body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL) in experienced strength trained men.Methods: Twenty-three subjects were matched for training experience (4.8 ± 2.3 years) and body fat percentage (BF%: 16.9 ± 8.0%), randomly assigned to either a placebo (PL; n = 12) or betaine group (BET; n = 11; 2.5 g/day), and completed a 6 week periodized training program consisting of 3 two-week micro-cycles. Bench press and back squat training volumes were recorded and changes in training volume were assessed at each micro-cycle. Fasting urine was collected at baseline …

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome As It Relates To Pronation In The Irish Step Cut 1, 2, Kathleen S. Thomas, Dr. Mark Ricard

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) is defined as chronic leg pain in the distal two-thirds of the medial border of the tibia where stress fractures and exertional compartmental syndrome have been ruled out.1,2,3,5 This syndrome is induced by intense, repetitive, high impact exercise such as running and in the case of dancers, jumping and leaping.

The Effect Of Interval Length On Lactate Production, Eric B. Taylor

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study is still in the process of completion. The following gives an overview of the study and its purpose. Permission has been received from the coaching staff of the Brigham Young University men=s cross country team to use its athletes as subjects given their consent. It is expected that the study will be completed by October of 2000.

A Comparison Of Various Contraction Intensities In Contract-Relax Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Of The Hamstring Muscle Group, Heather Nielson, Dr. Brent Feland

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is a popular stretching method that increases flexibility. There are several different methods of PNF, but they all usually require the assistance of another person. The contract-relax method is a widely used PNF techniquei that utilizes maximum voluntary isometric muscle contraction (MVIC) followed by relaxation. An athletic trainer or therapist then pushes the relaxed muscle further into stretch after each contraction. So, traditionally the person is asked to contract the muscle being stretched as hard as possible in order to produce the MVIC. Very little research has been conducted to using submaximal contractions.ii iii Therefore, the …

Effects Of Massage Therapy On Muscle Recovery Following Downhill Running, Tara Nicole Allen

Student Theses and Dissertations

Effects of massage therapy on muscle recovery following downhill running PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of massage therapy on the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness including muscle soreness, swelling, range of motion, and torque following 30 minutes of downhill running. METHODS: Eighteen active males were assessed, and then ran for 30 minutes at a 14% decline. At 24, 48, and 72 hours, participants were reassessed for pain, swelling, ROM, and torque. A 20 minute massage was performed on the dominant leg following 24 and 48 hour assessments. A 2X4 (leg X time) mixed …

Operation Smile, Stephanie Richards, Barbara Lockhart

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The main goal of our research was to investigate and gain a better understanding of the perception that local inhabitants of Bolivia have regarding medical aid received in their country. To accomplish this task we surveyed and interviewed those who are most directly affected by this aid, namely medical doctors and patients. As stated in the proposal, our study consisted of two sources of primary data: the first is personal interviews with Bolivian physicians and the second source is the surveys administered to patients and their parents who had received a cleflip and/or clef-palate operation from one of the organizations …

It’S About Timing: How The Speed Of A Volleyball Set Affects Offensive Efficiency, Lee J. Hinkle, Dr. Iain Hunter

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Thanks to the Office of Research and Creative Activities, I have been able to continue my research project investigating the relationship between the timing of a volleyball offense and its effectiveness.

A Study On The Effects Of Two Delivery Models Of Foreign Medical Aid: Short-Term Mission Model Vs. The Empowerment Of Local Medical Professionals, Jayson Johnson, Barbara Lockhart

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The main goal of our research was to investigate and gain a better understanding of the perception that local inhabitants of Bolivia have regarding medical aid received in their country. To accomplish this task we surveyed and interviewed those who are most directly affected by this aid, namely medical doctors and patients. As stated in the proposal, our study consisted of two sources of primary data: the first is personal interviews with Bolivian physicians and the second source is the surveys administered to patients and their parents who had received a cleflip and/or clef-palate operation from one of the organizations …

Impact Of Physical Activity On Core Stability: A Comparative Study Of Children In The United States And Rural Ghana, Amy Nagle, Dr. Wayne Johnson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The decline in physical activity and the “obesity epidemic” have created concerns nationwide about the health of American youths. These issues are not only problematic in the social sense (i.e. fostering self-confidence and physical attractiveness), but physical health is important in functional settings, such as classrooms.

Study Of Health And Activity In Preschool Environments (Shapes): Study Protocol For A Randomized Trial Evaluating A Multi-Component Physical Activity Intervention In Preschool Children, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Ruth P. Saunders, William H. Brown, Marsha Dowda, Cheryl L. Addy, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: Physical inactivity is a recognized public health concern. Inadequate proportions of children in the U.S, including those of preschool age, are meeting physical activity recommendations. In response to low numbers of preschool children attaining appropriate physical activity levels, combined with the large number of young children who attend preschool, researchers have identified the need to devise interventions to increase physical activity at preschools. However, few multi-component interventions to increase physical activity in preschool children exist. The aims of this study were to observe the effects of a multi-component intervention on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical activity energy expenditure …

Effects Of Prior Acute Exercise On Circulating Cytokine Concentration Responses To A High-Fat Meal, Josef Brandauer, Rian Q. Landers-Ramos, Nathan T. Jenkins, Espen E. Spangenburg, James M. Hagberg, Steven J. Prior

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

High-fat meal consumption alters the circulating cytokine profile and contributes to cardiometabolic diseases. A prior bout of exercise can ameliorate the triglyceride response to a high-fat meal, but the interactive effects of exercise and high-fat meals on cytokines that mediate cardiometabolic risk are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of prior exercise on the responses of circulating tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, leptin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) to a high-fat meal. Ten healthy men were studied before …

Exercise Participation During Weight Loss On A High Protein – Low Carbohydrate Diet Plan In Females Aged 15-25 Years, Margaret Mobley-Meulman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Obese adults have an increased risk for serious health conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and certain cancers (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Participation in exercise can help control weight, strengthen muscles and bones, and reduce the incidence of cardiac events, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, colon and breast cancers, osteoporotic fractures, gallbladder disease, obesity, depression, anxiety, and delay mortality …

Surfing Injuries Requiring First Aid In New Zealand, 2007-2012, Kevin Moran, Jonathon Webber

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

In an island nation such as New Zealand with easy access to surf beaches, surfing activities are very popular and, while generally perceived as a healthy form of outdoor recreation, they do have attendant risks. This study reports on nondrowning, surfing-related incidents that required medical first aid on beaches during five summer seasons from 2007-2012. Retrospective descriptive analysis of data from lifeguard first aid reports found that 16% (n = 1,327) of injuries were the consequence of surfing activity. More males than females were treated for surfing injuries (68% male, 31% female). Lacerations (59%) and bruising (15%) accounted for most …

Gait Variablility Is Altered In Older Adults When Listening To Auditory Stimuli With Differing Temporal Structures, Jeffrey P. Kaipust, Denise Mcgrath, Mukul Mukherjee, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Gait variability in the context of a deterministic dynamical system may be quantified using nonlinear time series analyses that characterize the complexity of the system. Pathological gait exhibits altered gait variability. It can be either too periodic and predictable, or too random and disordered, as it is the case with aging. While gait therapies often focus on restoration of linear measures such as gait speed or stride length, we propose that the goal of gait therapy should be to restore optimal gait variability, which exhibits chaotic fluctuations and is the balance between predictability and complexity. In this context, our purpose …

Vascular Occlusion Affects Gait Variability Patterns Of Healthy Younger And Older Individuals, Sara A. Myers, Jason Johanning, Iraklis Pipinos, Kendra K. Schmid, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Insufficient blood flow is one possible mechanism contributing to altered gait patterns in lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Previously, our laboratory found that induced occlusion alters gait variability patterns in healthy young individuals. However the effect of age was not explored. The purpose of this study was to account for age by investigating gait variability following induced vascular occlusion in healthy older individuals and to identify amount of change from baseline to post vascular occlusion between younger and older individuals. Thirty healthy younger individuals and 30 healthy older individuals walked on a treadmill during baseline and post vascular occlusion …

The Effects Of A Moisture-Wicking Fabric Shirt On The Physiological Responses During Acute Exercise In The Heat, Kimberly Wigboldy

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects that a form fitted, moisture-wicking fabric shirt, promoted to have improved evaporative and ventilation properties, has on the thermoregulatory, physiological and perceptual response during moderate intensity exercise in the heat for an extended duration of exercise of 90 minutes. Ten healthy subjects (7 males, 3 females), completed two heat stress tests consisting of 20 minute seated rest in a neutral environment (24°C, 60% RH), 30 minute seated rest in a hot environment (33°C, 60% RH), and 90 minutes of exercise(50% V0_{2 peak}) on a magnetically-braked cycle ergometerin a …

Optimization Problem Formulation For Predicting Knee Muscle And Contact Forces During Gait, Gil Serrancolí, Jonathan P. Walter, Allison Kinney, Benjamin J. Fregly, Josep M. Font-Llagunes

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The human body has more muscles than degrees of freedom (DOF), which leads to indeterminacy in the muscle force calculation. In this study, an optimization problem to estimate the lower-limb muscle forces during a gait cycle of a patient wearing an instrumented knee prosthesis is formulated. It consists of simulating muscle excitations in a physiological way while muscle parameters are calibrated.

Relationship Of Global Dna Methylation With Cardiovascular Fitness And Body Composition, Michael Steele Jarrett

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background: Global DNA Methylation (GDM), an epigenomic modification has been linked to the development of Cardiovascular Disease and its risk factors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a significant correlation between GDM and cardiovascular fitness, as well as, measures of body composition. Methodology: 26 apparently healthy, adults (11 males) completed a physical activity and diet questionnaire, as well as, had a small blood sample (600μL) collected via finger prick for the determination of GDM. Body composition was assessed by means of a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, while cardiovascular fitness was evaluated by the …

The Effect Of Balance Training With An Innovative Approach Compared To Traditional Balance Exercises, Brian Curtis Waite

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of an X Box 360 KinectTM game as a modality for improving balance. Specifically, this study explores the use of the Target Kick mini game on Kinect SportsTM as a tool for VR rehabilitation. Subjects (N=18, age 23.3 ±2.87 yrs, mass 71.83 ±15.25 kg, height 168.4 ±7.79 cm) with no lower extremity injury were randomly placed into three groups (X Box n = 6, Traditional n = 6, and Control n = 6). The X Box (XBOX) group performed ten minutes of balance training by playing an X Box game …

Multiple Sclerosis Alters The Mechanical Work Performed On The Body's Center Of Mass During Gait, Shane R. Wurdeman, Jessie M. Huisinga, Mary Filipi, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have less-coordinated movements of the center of mass resulting in greater mechanical work. The purpose of this study was to quantify the work performed on the body’s center of mass by patients with MS. It was hypothesized that patients with MS would perform greater negative work during initial double support and less positive work in terminal double support. Results revealed that patients with MS perform less negative work in single support and early terminal double support and less positive work in the terminal double support period. However, summed over the entire stance phase, patients with …

Effects Of High-Velocity Versus Low-Velocity Resistance Training On Resting Metabolic Rate And Functional Performance In Older Adults, Laura Ashleigh Morgan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 12-week high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) protocol to a traditional low-velocity resistance training (LVRT) protocol on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and other selected measures of muscular and functional fitness in older adults. Nineteen adults between the ages of 65 and 82 participated: 8 HVRT, 7 LVRT, and 4 controls (CTRL). Initially, no differences existed between groups except for age (p = .016). HVRT (75.6 years) was older than LVRT (69.6 years) and CTRL (69.3 years). The exercise intervention consisted of 2 days/week sessions for 12 weeks at 3 sets …

The Relationship Among Ankle Function, Functional Capacity, And Body Composition To Balance In Geriatric Populations, Joseph Robert Chaney

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of this research study was to identify significant relationships among measures of ankle strength, ankle range of motion, body composition, and functional capacity to balance ability in geriatric populations which may potentially assist in identifying older individuals with increased risk of falling. A battery of five test (ankle strength assessments, ankle range of motion , DXA, functional fitness, and balance) were administered to 20 participants (6 males, 14 females, mean age 69.78 ± 3.98) that had indicated to be at least 65 years of age or older and no history of falls within the previous 12 months. …