Kinesiology Commons^™

Cognitive Behavior Modification And Exercise + Group Counseling For Patients After Bariatric Surgery, Janet Buckworth, Caroline Carducci, Shirley Kindrick, Dean Mikami, Dara Schuster, Katharine Stough, Bradley Needleman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The growing obesity epidemic is paralleled by an increasing number of bariatric surgeries. Patients lose significant weight within the first 12-18 months post-surgery with corresponding resolution of many co-morbidities. However, weight loss stabilizes after 18-24 months and 50% or more of patients eventually regain weight (Bond, Phelan, Leahey, Hill, & Wing, 2009; Magro, et al., 2008). Weight regain after loss is associated with return of co-morbidities and deteriorations in health-related quality of life and mood (Karlsson, Taft, Ryden, Sjostrom, & Sullivan, 2007). The purpose of this pilot study was to analyze the effects of a post-surgical behavioral plus counseling intervention …

Plasticity Of Brain Networks In A Randomized Intervention Trial Of Exercise Training In Older Adults, Michelle W. Voss, Ruchika S. Prakash, Kirk I. Erickson, Chandramallika Basak, Laura Chaddock, Jennifer S. Kim, Heloisa Alves, Susie Heo, Amanda N. Szabo, Siobhan M. White, Thomas R. Wójcicki, Emily L. Mailey, Neha Gothe, Erin A. Olson, Edward Mcauley, Arthur F. Kramer

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Research has shown the human brain is organized into separable functional networks during rest and varied states of cognition, and that aging is associated with specific network dysfunctions. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine low-frequency (0.008 < f < 0.08 Hz) coherence of cognitively relevant and sensory brain networks in older adults who participated in a 1-year intervention trial, comparing the effects of aerobic and nonaerobic fitness training on brain function and cognition. Results showed that aerobic training improved the aging brain’s resting functional efficiency in higher-level cognitive networks. One year of walking increased functional connectivity between aspects of the frontal, posterior, and temporal cortices within the Default Mode Network and a Frontal Executive Network, two brain networks central to brain dysfunction in aging. Length of training was also an important factor. Effects in favor of the walking group were observed only after 12 months of training, compared to non-significant trends after 6 months. A non-aerobic stretching and toning group also showed increased functional connectivity in the DMN after 6 months and in a Frontal Parietal Network after 12 months, possibly reflecting experience-dependent plasticity. Finally, we found that changes in functional connectivity were behaviorally relevant. Increased functional connectivity was associated with greater improvement in executive function. Therefore the study provides the first evidence for exercise-induced functional plasticity in large-scale brain systems in the aging brain, using functional connectivity techniques, and offers new insight into the role of aerobic fitness in attenuating age-related brain dysfunction.

A Phenomenological Investigation Of Women's Experiences With Personal Training, Melissa N. Madeson, Cherilyn Hultquist, Amy Church, Leslee A. Fisher

International Journal of Exercise Science

Personal training is a rapidly growing industry in a country that is in dire need of physical fitness and health improvements. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to better understand women’s experiences with personal training. To address the research question, eight female participants ages 24 to 54 years were interviewed using the following phenomenological question: “When you think about your current experience with personal training what stands out for you?” The interviews were conducted, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed to identify themes in participants’ responses. The ground that emerged was positive experience within which existed four figural themes: Relationships, trainer …

A Case Study On The Use Of Athletic Performance Strategies In An Elite Athlete’S Management Of Pancreatic Cancer, Brooke Elisabeth Harris

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

In 2007, 11.7 million people in the United States were living with a cancer diagnosis. Specifically, 12 in every 100,000 Americans are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer each year. The five year survival rate of pancreatic cancer in the United States is only 5.6% (National Cancer Institute, 2007). In addition to traditional pharmacological treatments, physical activity has been increasingly used to help individuals successfully cope with cancer. One area that has not been studied extensively is the use of sport psychology techniques to help athletes cope with cancer. It is possible that these techniques, learned by elite athletes during their careers, …

Delayed Wound Healing: Can Exercise Accelerate It?, K Todd Keylock, Hilary Young

International Journal of Exercise Science

Poorly healing wounds affect millions around the world, yet preventive methods and low-cost, effective treatments are few. Wounds heal quickly through well-coordinated phases in those who are healthy and active but can become chronically nonhealing as a result of disease and inactivity. Recently it has been reported that moderate aerobic exercise accelerated healing rates in the aged. High levels of inflammation are known to delay wound healing, and aging and disease are associated with chronically increased inflammation. Therefore, exercise may help speed healing by reducing inflammation to healthier levels not only in the aged, but also in other populations with …

Effect Of The E3 Fitness Grips On Running Economy, Julie A. Szabo*, Brian B. Parr‡, Jarod A. Holt*, Christopher M. Dewitt‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 3(2) : 64-67, 2010. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the E3 Fitness Grips (BioGrip, Inc., Rancho Cordova, CA) on running economy, as measured by oxygen uptake (VO2), and heart rate (HR) during submaximal treadmill running. Eleven subjects, seven female and four male, completed a submaximal running test on a treadmill while VO2 and HR were measured continuously. After achieving steady-state at a speed and grade that elicited a VO2 equivalent to 70% VO2max, the subjects ran for five minutes holding the E3 Fitness Grips (G) and five minutes without the …

The Impact Of Latent Cmv Infection On Nk-Cell Mobilization And Expression Of Klrg1 And Cd57 In Response To Acute Exercise., Austin B. Bigley, Guillaume Spielmann, Jerrald L. Rector, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic effectors of the innate immune system that are able to distinguish healthy autologous cells from tumors and virally infected cells. NK-cells kill the targeted cells by releasing cytotoxic proteins, a process that is governed by inhibitory surface receptors, such as KLRG1. Additionally, activated NK-cells are able to proliferate in response to immunological stimuli, a process that is inhibited in NK-cells expressing the senescence marker CD57. Acute bouts of exercise are known to mobilize NK cells into the blood compartment, which could alter immunity; however, whether or not exercise alters NK-cell KLRG1 and CD57 expression …

Relationship Between Circulating Progenitor Cells, Vascular Function And Oxidative Stress With Long-Term Training And Short-Term Detraining In Older Men, Sarah Witkowski, Michael M. Lockard, Nathan T. Jenkins, Thomas O. Obisesan, Espen E. Spangenburg, James M. Hagberg

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Exercise may contribute to the maintenance of vascular function via enhanced liberation and action of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells. Activity related changes in oxidative stress may also influence the number and function of these cells. In the present study, we sought to determine (i) whether adaptations in reactive hyperaemic FBF (forearm blood flow) response associated with long-term endurance exercise and short-term detraining were related to resting putative progenitor cell number and function, and (ii) whether oxidative stress affected these factors. Participants included men with a history of more than 30 years of moderate-to-high-intensity exercise (HI group) and healthy low-active age- and …

Exercise-Induced Alterations In Melanocortin Receptor Expression And Inflammation, Tara Michelle Henagan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases and have been implicated as integral factors in both early and late phases of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle modifications such as increasing physical activity and making dietary changes to induce weight loss are part of the primary prescription for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, physical activity has been implicated as a potentially effective regimen for the control of inflammation, yet little is known about the anti-inflammatory mechanistic alterations induced by physical activity.

Exercise training causes acute changes in inflammation immediately post exercise, evidenced by upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and …