Kinesiology Commons^™

Nonlinear Analysis Of Sitting Postural Sway Indicates Developmental Delay In Infants, Joan E. Deffeyes, Regina T. Harbourne, Anastasia Kyvelidou, Wayne A. Stuberg, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background

Upright sitting is one of the first developmental motor milestones achieved by infants, and sitting postural sway provides a window into the developing motor control system. A variety of posture sway measures can be used, but the optimal measures for infant development have not been identified.

Methods

We have collected sitting postural sway data from two groups of infants, one with typical development (n = 33), and one with delayed development and either diagnosed with or at risk for cerebral palsy (n = 26), when the infants had developed to the point where they could just maintain …

Sport As A Vehicle For Socialization And Maintenance Of Cultural Identity: International Students Attending American Universities, James Taylor Allen

Dissertations

Sport can be utilized by immigrants as a vehicle for maintaining cultural identity. Conversely, sport participation provides immigrants with opportunities for adopting an entirely new culture. Previous research also suggests that sport provides individuals with opportunities for attaining social capital. While this can be a beneficial situation for some, sport is also promoting elitism and serving as a powerful mechanism for exclusion. Globalization has led large numbers of foreign nationals to seek educational opportunities in the United States. Due to the increase in the number of international students and the lack of empirical studies, the need to study their participation …

Injuries In Competitive Swimming: Incidence And Risk Factors, Kristin I. Chase

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To study the nature and incidence rate of injuries that affect collegiate competitive swimmers and to examine the relationship between these injuries and specific risk factors. Background: Minimal research has been conducted on swimming-related injuries, with most studies being retrospective in nature. Only one study reported a calculated injury rate for athletic exposures. Past research reports that the shoulder is the most commonly injured location and that overuse injuries (e.g. tendonitis) is the most common injury type. Methods: IRB approval obtained through the University of North Dakota. Swimmers from UND swim team were asked to participate. Once consent was …

Comparison Of The Power Plate And Free Weight Exercises On Upper Body Muscle Endurance In Young Athletes, Elisabeth Boland*, Dan Boland*, Thomas Carroll‡, William R. Barfield‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The power plate (PP) is designed to reduce training time while providing a muscle stimulus that leads to positive changes in muscle mass. This study investigated the effect that training on the PP has compared to a free-weight (FW) program, on upper body endurance, defined as the number of push-ups completed at one time prior to failure. Following IRB approval a pre-test was used to assess push-up endurance in PP and FW cohorts. Each group exercised for six consecutive weeks, working out three times per week, on non-consecutive days performing five exercises of two sets of 8-12 repetitions. Twenty-two females …

Predictors Of Adl Disability In Culturally Diverse Older Adults, Fernanda Winchester†, Rebecca Ellis‡, Maria Kosma‡, Katie E. Cherry‡, Priscilla D. Allen‡, Pamela A. Monroe‡, Robert H. Wood‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to utilize the disablement pathway model to examine the contribution of physical function, dyspnea, and pain to disability in activities-of-daily-living (ADL) in culturally diverse older adults. Participants were 51 older adults (age = 69.0 years ± 9.7; 76.5% African-American, 51.0% < high school education, 52.9% < $20,000 annual income) from an urban community center and an independent living housing facility for seniors. Participants completed the Functional Status Index (FSI), which provides ratings of need for assistance (FSIA) and pain (FSIP) with ADL, the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance 10-item Test (CS-PFP10), and an analog dyspnea scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that facility, physical function, pain, and dyspnea accounted for 50.5% of the variance in disability and that pain (β = .43, p < .01) and physical function (β = -.39, p < .01) were the only significant predictors. In the second model, facility, dyspnea, and pain explained 27.6% of the variance in physical function, and facility (β = .39, p < .01) and dyspnea (β = -.26, p = .05) were the only significant predictors. Based on the disablement pathway model, physical functional improvement and pain prevention and management should be targeted when designing culturally appropriate strategies for delaying disability and maintaining independent life.

Consequences Of Weight Cycling: An Increase In Disease Risk?, Kelley Strohacker†, Katie C. Carpenter†, Brian K. Mcfarlin‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Research indicates that weight cycling, or “yo-yo dieting” is a common occurrence in obese populations. The long term negative health consequences of weight cycling are debated and it is unclear whether or not this weight change pattern poses a greater disease risk compared to obesity maintenance. This review discusses the prevalence of weight cycling and physiological alterations occurring during weight loss that promotes weight regain. We also discuss the effect weight regain has upon adipose tissue in terms of rate and type of accumulation. Also within this review are discussions surrounding the previously published literature based upon human and rodent …

The Effects Of Tempur Insoles On Ground Reaction Forces And Loading Rates In Running, Crystal Ruano*, Douglas Powell‡, Elizabeth T. Chalambaga*, Doug Renshaw*

International Journal of Exercise Science

Runners often experience over-use injuries. Ground reaction force (GRFs) patterns have been associated with these over-use injuries; however, it is not solely the magnitude of GRFs, but also the rate at which they are applied that lead to lower extremity injury. Many recreational runners will use over-the-counter insoles as a method of treating or preventing injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of two insoles on peak GRFs and loading rates. It was hypothesized that no differences in peak GRFs or loading rates would exist with the addition of two insoles during running. Twelve subjects …

Physical Activity Is Associated With Percent Body Fat And Body Composition But Not Bmi In White And Black College Students, Michael Zanovec†, Anantha P. Lakkakula†, Lisa G. Johnson‡, Georgianna Tuuri‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The objective of this study was to examine the association of self-reported physical activity (PA) with body composition in 290 college students (49% male, 60% White) 18-25 years of age. Outcome measures included: self-reported PA levels calculated in MET-hrs·wk-1 from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); body mass index (BMI; in kg·m-2); and body composition variables estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Mean activity levels of the sample were 39.8 ± 23.8 MET-hrs·wk-1. Participants were divided into quartiles of PA levels: ≥0 to <24.0, ≥24.0 to <34.0, ≥34.0 to <51.25, and ≥51.25 MET-hrs·wk-1 and body composition variables were compared by group. Chi-square analyses revealed a significant difference for gender by PA quartile [χ2 (3, N=290) = 32.42, p < 0.0001], and for gender by race by PA quartile [χ2 (9, N=290) = 37.82, p < 0.0001]. MET-hrs·wk-1 was inversely correlated with %BF (r = -0.40, p < 0.0001) but not BMI (r = 0.05, p = 0.43). When comparing body composition variables across PA quartiles, no significant differences were observed for BMI; however, subjects in the highest quartile of PA had a lower percent body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FM), and a higher lean-tissue mass (LTM) compared to subjects in the other three groups. In this cohort of young adults, participants in the highest activity group had a more fit body composition profile (e.g., lower %BF, lower FM, and higher LTM) which was not reflected in BMI and was independent of gender and race.

Active Video/Arcade Games (Exergaming) And Energy Expenditure In College Students., Shannon R. Siegel‡, Bryan L. Haddock‡, Andrea M. Dubois*, Linda D. Wilkin‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

Video games have become increasingly popular among young adults. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if interactive video/arcade games, requiring physical activity to play, increase the energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) of young adults enough to elicit a training response. Thirteen male and female participants 26.6 ± 5.7 years of age were in the study. Participants were familiarized with equipment and allowed to practice with three games: (1) moving and striking lighted pads, (2) riding a bike to increase the pace of a race car, and (3) boxing against a video simulated opponent. A portable …

Academic And Research Programs In Exercise Science, South Korea, Kyung-Shin Park, Wook Song

International Journal of Exercise Science

We appreciate the opportunity to review academic curriculum and current research focus of Exercise Science programs in South Korea. The information of this paper was collected by several different methods, including e-mail and phone interviews, and a discussion with Korean professors who attended the 2009 ACSM annual conference. It was agreed that exercise science programming in South Korea has improved over the last 60 years since being implemented. One of distinguishable achievement is that exercise science programs after the 1980’s has been expanded to several different directions. It does not only produce physical education teachers but also attributes more to …

Effect Of Stratum Corneum Hydration On The Composition Of Sweat Collected By A Local Sweat Patch Method, Penny Renee Taylor

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stratum corneum (SC) hydration by distilled water on SC ion content and sweat ion concentrations as measured by occlusive sweat patch. 10 men and 10 women completed approximately 40 minutes of moderate exercise in the heat. Select skin sites were hydrated before sweating by adhering cylinders of distilled water to forearm skin. SC samples were taken before and after exercise using the tape stripping (TS) method and sweat samples were taken with homemade filter paper sweat patches with a tegaderm backing. An increase in SC hydration was verified by …

Children's Perceptions Of A District-Wide Physical Education Program, Tirza Ramona Watts

Theses and Dissertations

It is important that physical educators, teacher educators, and researchers do all they can to understand and help promote positive attitudes among students, as attitudes toward physical education (PE) may influence students' physical activity intentions and behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify children's perceptions of PE as it is delivered via a district-wide PE program. Specifically, the study examined the following: (a) student perceptions of enjoyment and usefulness of the PE program as it is systematically delivered in their district, (b) student likes and dislikes with respect to PE, and (c) student voice as expressed directly by …

An Examination Of The Relatedness Needs Of Adult Swimmers, Deward Warren Loose

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to first examine the role of coaches, peers, and significant others in the development of relatedness as it applies to the motivation of adult Master swimmers, and second to develop recommendations for coaches. The participants in this study were 87 Masters swimmers from the Wasatch Front region of Utah in the counties of Davis, Weber, Utah, Wasatch, Salt Lake, and Summit. Participants in this study were registered members of United States Masters Swimming(USMS) and were spread across eleven age-group classifications in five-year increments and ranging in age from 18 to 74. There were 43 …

Differences In Joint Moments At The Hip, Knee, And Ankle While Wearing Running Shoes And Distance Spikes, Aared D. Sampson

Theses and Dissertations

For years track and field athletes have worn spiked shoes to enhance performance. This study was conducted to determine the effect of track spikes on hip, knee, and ankle peak joint moments (PJM) in collegiate and elite athletes while running. To measure differences in joint moments, ten intercollegiate and post graduate male distance runners from Brigham Young University ran at a four-minute-mile pace (6.7 m/s) across a force plate synched with infrared cameras tracking body positioning in each shoe condition. Repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) revealed no significant peak joint differences between running shoes and track spikes. The minimum hip and peak knee PJM approached significance (F = 3.221, P = 0.116 and F = 2.875, P = 0.134 respectively). The high variability of joint moments between trials made it difficult to detect differences between conditions. The variability may be explained by any number of factors including: biomechanical differences in running form, running at high speeds, type of subjects, and potentially other factors.

Reliability Of Sixteen Balance Tests In Individuals With Down Syndrome, Romina Villamonte

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of sixteen balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The following tests were performed on 21 participants with DS, aged 5-31 years of age; standing test on firm and soft surfaces with the eyes opened and closed, a balance subset of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test, full turn, timed-up-and-go test, forward reach, and sit-to-stand. Each participant completed all 16 assessments twice on one day and then again on a subsequent day for a total of four trials. Seven tests had reliability coefficients greater than 0.55; one-leg stand on floor (0.76), on …

A Randomized Cross-Over Study Of The Quality Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Females Performing 30:2 And Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Cynthia Trowbridge, Jesal N. Parekh, Mark D. Ricard, Jerald Potts, W Clive Patrickson, Carolyn Cason

Kinesiology Faculty Publications & Presentations - Archive

Background: Hands-Only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is recommended for use on adult victims of witnessed out-of-hospital (OOH) sudden cardiac arrest or in instances where rescuers cannot perform ventilations while maintaining minimally interrupted quality compressions. Promotion of Hands-Only CPR should improve the incidence of bystander CPR and, subsequently, survival from OOH cardiac arrest; but, little is known about a rescuer's ability to deliver continuous chest compressions of adequate rate and depth for periods typical of emergency services response time. This study evaluated chest compression rate and depth as subjects performed Hands-Only CPR for 10 minutes. For comparison purposes, each also performed chest …

Health And Human Performance History: 83 Years And Still Going Strong, Judy Walton

UTB/TSC Archives - Health and Human Performance Department History

Word document chronicling the history of the Department of Health and Human Performance from its 1926 beginnings as one of the first departments in the newly founded Junior College of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, to its latest (2008) incarnation as Health & Human Performance at UTB/TSC.

The department began its history as the Physical Education and Athletics Department, which continued until 1978 when the two entities were separated. The Physical Education Department subsequently underwent several name changes until its current designation as the Department of Health and Human Performance. Along with changes of name, the department also experienced many …

Reliability Of Center Of Pressure Measures For Assessing The Development Of Sitting Postural Control, Anastasia Kyvelidou, Regina T. Harbourne, Wayne A. Stuberg, Junfeng Sun, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Objectives: To determine the reliability of linear and nonlinear tools, including intrasession and intersession reliability, when used to analyze the center of pressure (COP) time series during the development of infant sitting postural control.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: University hospital laboratory.

Participants: Typically developing infants (N33; mean SD age at entry in the study, 152.417.6d).

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures: Infants were tested twice in 1 week at each of the 4 months of the study. Sitting COP data were recorded for 3 trials at each session (2 each month within 1 week). …

The Effect Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction On Stride-To-Stride Variability, Constantina O. Moraiti, Nikolaos Stergiou, Stavros Ristanis, Haris S. Vasiliadis, Kostas Patras, Cassandra Lee, Anastasios D. Georgoulis

Journal Articles

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone–patellar tendon– bone (BPTB) and quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis tendon (ST/G) autografts by evaluating stride-to-stride variability.

Methods: Six patients with BPTB and 6 patients with STG ACL reconstruction, 2 years postoperatively, and 6 healthy control subjects walked on a treadmill at a self-selected pace while 2 minutes of continuous kinematic data were recorded with a 6-camera optoelectronic system. Stride-to-stride variability was calculated from the knee flexion/extension data using the nonlinear measure of approximate entropy, which estimates the regularity of movement patterns …

The Effects Of Gender On The Biomechanics Of The Hip During Athletic Maneuvers, Mikaela Boham

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Context: Females are two to eight times more likely to sustain an ACL injury than males participating in the same sport. The primary mechanism reported for noncontact ACL injury involves landing from a jump, unanticipated change of direction, and/or deceleration activities.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescent female athletes perform athletic activities with decreased hip and knee flexion angles, and decreased EMG activity of the gluteus medius relative to their male counterparts.

Design: Cohort study from local club basketball teams.

Setting: University Laboratory.

Participants: Ten healthy adolescent basketball athletes (5 females, 5 males).

Interventions: Each …

Isometric Isokinetic And Isotonic Strength Evaluation Of Subjects With Stable And Unstable Ankles, Lauren Nicole Snyder

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Injuries to the lateral ankle ligaments can result in ankle instability problems. Limited data exists in relation to isokinetic and isometric strength measures of the ankle, with an absence of data in relation to isotonic power measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify if there is a difference between subjects with unstable ankles and subjects with stable ankles with respect to isokinetic ankle strength, isometric ankle strength, and isotonic ankle power. Eighteen subjects with ankle instability (age, 23.9 ± 2.81 years; height 170.4 ± 8.9 cm; mass 73 ± 18.9 kg) and eighteen subjects with healthy ankles …

Wright State University College Of Education And Human Services Annual Report, July 1, 2008-June 30, 2009, College Of Education And Human Services, Wright State University

College of Education and Human Services Annual Reports

This Wright State University College of Education and Human Services annual report is from July 1, 2008 through June 30, 2009.

Physiological Demands Of Competitive Basketball, Kenji Narazaki, Kris E. Berg, Nikolaos Stergiou, Bing Chen

Journal Articles

The aim of this study was to assess physiological demands of competitive basketball by measuring oxygen consumption (VO₂) and other variables during practice games. Each of 12 players (20.4 ± 1.1 years) was monitored in a 20-min practice game, which was conducted in the same way as actual games with the presence of referees and coaches. VO₂ was measured by a portable system during the game and blood lactate concentration (LA) was measured in brief breaks. Subjects were also videotaped for time-motion analysis. Female and male players demonstrated respective VO₂ of 33.4 ± 4.0 and 36.9 …

Hydrodynamics Of Pulsed Jetting In Juvenile And Adult Brief Squid Lolliguncula Brevis: Evidence Of Multiple Jet 'Modes' And Their Implications For Propulsive Efficiency, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Krueger, William J. Stewart, Joseph T. Thompson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The dynamics of pulsed jetting in squids throughout ontogeny is not well understood, especially with regard to the development of vortex rings, which are common features of mechanically generated jet pulses (also known as starting jets). Studies of mechanically generated starting jets have revealed a limiting principle for vortex ring formation characterized in terms of a 'formation number' (F), which delineates the transition between the formation of isolated vortex rings and vortex rings that have 'pinched off' from the generating jet. Near F, there exists an optimum in pulse-averaged thrust with (potentially) low energetic cost, raising the question: do …

Validity Of A Dietary Calcium Questionnaire Modified To Include Supplement Use In Athletes, Morgan B. Henry, Hawley C. Almstedt

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

When conducting research in the area of bone health, accurate measurement of calcium intake is crucial. The rapid assessment method (RAM) is one technique that has frequently been used for its measurement of calcium intake. However, the RAM and other currently established questionnaires lack the assessment of dietary supplement use, which is common for athletes. Our objective was to evaluate the validity of a RAM questionnaire designed to assess daily calcium consumption which was further modified to meet the needs of athletes who frequently consume dietary supplements. Usefulness of the modified RAM for athletes and non-athletes was evaluated as well …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Vitamin D Status In African American Men, Marilyn Tseng, Veda Giri, Deborah W. Bruner, Edwards Giovannucci

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: Few studies have examined vitamin D insufficiency in African American men although they are at very high risk. We examined the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D insufficiency among African American men in Philadelphia. Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional analysis were 194 African American men in the Philadelphia region who were enrolled in a risk assessment program for prostate cancer from 10/ 96–10/07. All participants completed diet and health history questionnaires and provided plasma samples, which were assessed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. We used linear regression models to examine associations with 25(OH)D concentrations and logistic regression to estimate …

Perceptions About Rollersoccer Youth Programs, June Solomon

Master's Projects and Capstones

The purpose of this research was to investigate the demand for structured

RollerSoccer Youth Programs and to examine the perceptions about this type of

Program. The market for RollerSoccer is untapped and unrepresented in the

world of sports. To date, there are no articles about the development of

RollerSoccer Youth Programs or scholarly work on marketing the emerging sport

of RollerSoccer. The RollerSoccer International Federation (RSIF), the governing

body for this fast‐paced, high scoring hybrid sport aims to expand its reach to

youth in diverse communities by developing this sports initiative.

Three hundred and ten youth participants from selected schools …

Lactate Threshold: The Comparison Of Running On A Land Treadmill Versus Head-Out Water Immersion Treadmill Running, Stephanie Alyce Jones

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction. Exercise and head-out water immersion (HOI) have consistently reported an increase in central blood volume associated with the cephalad shift in blood volume. This causes an increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume and greater stroke volume during exercise compared to exercise in air at similar metabolic costs. In contrast, the metabolic response, specifically, blood lactate accumulation during exercise combined with HOI has yielded varying results depending on the mode of exercise. At present it appears that during exercise at similar metabolic costs, cycle ergometry exercise augments plasma lactate over treadmill running while HOI reduces the plasma lactate response …

The Design Of A Web Based Athlete Development And Monitoring System., Jeremy Gentles

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the available resources and research pertaining to the process of athlete monitoring as well as how this information can be used to build an internet based athlete monitoring system. There is currently no system available that provides proper communication tools while also providing the means to track numerous variables to include strength and conditioning programs, performance testing, competition performance, injuries, therapy, pharmaceuticals, medical procedures, psychological status, and academic standing.

The objective of this thesis is twofold. First, is to review the literature and determine the needs of a web based athlete monitoring system. Second, is to provide …

Communicator, May 2009, San Jose State University, Department Of Kinesiology

Communicator (Kinesiology)

Volume 21, Issue 4