Kinesiology Commons^™

Creatine And Electrolyte Supplementation Improves Repetitive Sprint Cycling Performance, Daniel L. Crisafulli

WWU Graduate School Collection

Creatine supplementation is recommended to improve repetitive sprint cycling performance. Creatine absorption is increased in the presence of electrolytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of creatine-electrolyte (CE) supplementation on peak power and total work performed during repeated cycling sprints. Peak power and total work performed by 38 cyclists (CE group: n = 17; 23.4 ± 4.0 years; placebo (P) group: n = 18; 23.4 ± 4.0 years) were measured on a Velotron cycle ergometer as they completed five 15-s cycling sprints with two minutes of recovery between sprints. Participants’ body composition was estimated using three …

Occam's Razor Vol. 7 - Full (2017)

Occam's Razor

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of An Ankle Strengthening And Proprioception Exercise Protocol On Peak Torque And Joint Position Sense, Jayson Shepherd

WWU Graduate School Collection

Abstract

Ankle sprains are the most common injury seen in athletics. Because of this, devices such as external ankle supports have been developed to protect the ankle joint and prevent injury. Exercise protocols have also been developed to increase strength and proprioception at the joint, which has been shown to reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in joint position sense (JPS) and peak plantar flexion and dorsiflexion torque following a six week strength and proprioception exercise protocol, as well as compare these results to those of a control group wearing ankle braces. The study …

The Effect Of Knee Extension Angle On Knee Joint Position Sense Between Genders, Samuel M. Lyons

WWU Graduate School Collection

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in knee JPS between males and females at both 30 and 60 degrees of knee extension in the dominant leg of healthy young adults. 46 subjects (22 males, 24 females) participated in the study; aged 19-25 years old, average height 172.7±8.4 cm, and average mass 71.2±12.9 kg. The data collection consisted of three position reproduction tasks with two different target angles for a total of six randomized trials. The difference in reproduction angle was recorded and analyzed as an absolute error between position and reposition. A 2x2 mixed analysis of …

Comparing Aggressive And Impulsive Behavior In Concussed And Non-Concussed Athletes, Jason Haddix

WWU Graduate School Collection

The high prevalence of concussions sustained through sport involvement, particularly in contact and team sports, are great in number, roughly 1.8 to 3.6 million annually within the United States (Thurman, Branche, & Sniezek 1998). The physical symptoms that follow a concussion are well noted, but the impairment of cognitive reasoning and emotional regulation needs further research efforts. Increases in aggression and impulsivity are common symptoms of traumatic brain injuries (TBI; Rochat et al., 2010) that can affect one’s standings socially and can increase the likelihood of deviant behavior that one may not normally engage in if cognitively and emotionally stable …

Effects Of Thoracic Spine Position During Cycle Sprint Recovery, Deanna Marlene Emnott

WWU Graduate School Collection

There is a paucity of research on how to recover during a race or practice immediately between cycling sprints. The subjects of this study included 13 competitive male cyclists recruited from local bicycle shops. This study utilized a pretest-posttest experimental design. Participants completed two 30-s maximal effort sprints on a cycle ergometer followed by two four-min active recovery intervals. They were randomly assigned to either a flexed thoracic spine position greater than 14° (FC) or a neutral thoracic spine position (NC) during cycling sprint recovery intervals on the first testing day and completed the other no less than 48 hours …

Effects Of A Single Diaphragmatic Breath On Anxiety, Gaze, And Performance, Mason B. (Mason Burk) Nichols

WWU Graduate School Collection

Anxiety is an emotion frequently experienced by athletes in competitive situations (Lazarus, 2000). Attentional control theory (Eysenck et al., 2007) explains that anxiety affects performance by occupying limited attentional resources, which reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of athletes. Efficient gaze patterns are linked to high levels of performance (e.g., Vickers, 1992). As athletes become more anxious, their gaze patterns become less efficient; specifically, they have more fixations of shorter duration and shorter quiet eye fixation duration (e.g., Wilson, Vine & Wood, 2009). The purpose of the current study was to test if a common anxiety reduction intervention, the diaphragmatic breath, …

Determining The Maximal Recoverable Volume Of Resistance Training In Tonnage During A Strength Phase, Patrick C. Castelli

WWU Graduate School Collection

Maximal recoverable volume (MRV) has been described as the maximal volume load an individual can accumulate, recover from, and respond to positively. There has been little research conducted in attempts to quantify this load. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative MRV of resistance training in total volume load, and employ a multiple regression model consisting of initial volume load (VL_initial) and maximum relative strength (RS) (1RM back squat divided by body weight) to define a method to accurately predict this upper tolerable limit. VL_initial for each exercise was calculated as the product of the number of …

The Effect Of Fatigue On The Motor Evoked Potential Of The Infraspinatus, Joseph Howard Cordell

WWU Graduate School Collection

Shoulder muscle dysfunction can lead to glenohumeral incongruity and can negatively affect glenohumeral joint stability. Fatigue of the infraspinatus could affect joint stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fatigue on the muscle activation of the infraspinatus, specifically, the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, peak-to-peak duration, and activation latency of the MEP. Eighteen healthy college age students (eleven males, seven females) participated in this study. Subjects were screened for history of head trauma, shoulder pain, shoulder surgery, any neuromuscular disorders and potential conditions that might place them at a higher risk for adverse effects of …

Six Weeks Of Creatine-Electrolyte Supplement Effects On Muscle Fatigability, Donnelly R. Miller

WWU Graduate School Collection

Creatine supplementation is an ergogenic aid that is often used to enhance resistance training. Electrolytes can help to increase the absorption of creatine. This study examined effects of two differently formulated creatine supplements, creatine monohydrate (CM) or creatine-magnesium chelate (CE), compared to placebo on fatigue, work, and power during knee extensions. Subjects (n=23; 21.9±1.8 years) maintained their regular resistance training program and had not supplemented with creatine in the previous 6 months. Supplementation was 4 g creatine daily for CM and CE, plus 400 mg magnesium in CE. Maximum torque and fatigue of knee extensions at 180 ° sec^{-1 …}

Acute Effects Of Two Hip Flexor Stretching Techniques On Knee Joint Position Sense And Balance, Hussain I. Aslan

WWU Graduate School Collection

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of two hip flexor stretching techniques on hip extension ROM, knee joint position sense (JPS) and dynamic balance performance (DB). Thirty-six healthy college age students (25 males, 11 females; mean=22.39 years) who exhibited hip flexor tightness participated in this study. Hip extension ROM, knee JPS and DB were tested pre- and post-stretching using digital inclinometer, iPod touch and the Y-balance kit, respectively. Subjects were randomly divided into dynamic (DS), and hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (HR-PNF) groups. Three-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to explore if an interaction …

The Impact Of Crossramp Angle And Elliptical Path Trajectory On Lower Extremity Muscle Activation, Matthew M. Thorsen

WWU Graduate School Collection

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of linear path and converging path ellipticals at three varying crossramp angles (35°, 25°, and 15°) on mean muscle activation of the gluteus maximus (GMAX), semitendinosus (ST), vastus medialis (VM), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and vastus lateralis (VL). The study consisted of 25 young adults (15 males and 10 females. All subjects had previous experience with elliptical trainers and had no contraindications preventing them from taking part in the study. The main outcome measure was mean muscle activation, presented at %MVC, for GMAX, ST, VM, LG, and VL. A two-way, …

An Exploration Of The Relationship Between Burnout And Depression In Intercollegiate Athletes, Arianna Martignetti

WWU Graduate School Collection

Researchers in occupational settings have found similarities in the symptomatology of workplace burnout and depression (Bianchi, Schonfeld, & Laurent, 2015). However, sport psychology researchers have stated that sport burnout and depression are separate constructs (Cresswell & Eklund, 2006). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and depression to help determine if their symptoms are indeed distinct, or if they potentially overlap. An additional purpose was to assess gender differences. At present, there are no studies examining the relationship between burnout and depression in an intercollegiate athlete sample. Participants were 422 intercollegiate athletes from all …

A Qualitative Investigation Of The Peer Mentor Experience In A Physical Activity Intervention For Mental Health, Taylor R. Leenstra

WWU Graduate School Collection

Interventions that utilize peer mentors to aid in altering the physical activity behaviors and attitudes of individuals have grown in popularity (Mellanby, Rees, & Tripp, 2000). While the mentees’ experiences in such programs have been studied extensively, there is little research that explores the experiences of the mentors. The Western Wellcat program is a peer-led physical activity intervention designed to improve the mental and physical well-being of students with clinical depression and anxiety (Keeler, 2015). In the Western Wellcat program peer mentors serve as supportive, reliable, and knowledgeable exercise partners for their peers (Keeler, 2015). The purpose of this study …

Effect Of Distance On Lumbar Flexion And Erector Spinae Electromyography On A Slide Versus Fixed Base Rowing Ergometer, Nicole Y. (Nicole Yvette) Kelp

WWU Graduate School Collection

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant effect of distance on lumbar flexion and erector spinae (ES) muscle activity while rowing on a slide-based Row Perfect 3 (RP3) versus a fixed-based Concept 2 (C2) ergometer during a 1000-m time trial in competitive female rowers. Low back pain is a common complaint among rowers and certain variables such as increased lumbar flexion, timing of peak flexion and ES muscle activity have been associated with risk for low back injury. A better understanding of the effects of fatigue on the trunk and hip extensors may provide …