Kinesiology Commons^™

Running With Running Shoes Versus Barefoot Running: A Videographical Analysis, Nikolaos Stergiou

Student Work

The purpose of this study was to kinematically describe the movements of the lower extremities in running with running shoes and running barefoot. Another purpose of this study was to identify and compare the anatomical and mechanical adaptations that occur. Seven college age females, members of the University of Nebraska at Omaha cross-country team, and one local competitive long-distance female runner 27 yrs old, were subjects of this study. All subjects were free of any physical disability that could have caused an impaired performance.

All subjects completed one testing session consisting of three acceptable trials each with and without their …

The Effects Of An Employee Fitness Program On Absenteeism And Health Care Costs, Brian C. Bell

Student Work

Health care expenditures in the United States have continued to climb at an alarming rate. In 1982, health care expenditures accounted for nearly $322.4 billion of the gross national product (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1982). Health care expenditures are expected to consume nearly 12 percent of the nation's economic output by the year 1990, reaching nearly $756 billion in projected costs (Cullen and Towe, 1983). Although health care costs have climbed at an annual rate of less than 10 percent, these costs have continued to increase in the private sector, which currently absorbs one-fourth of the nation's …

The Effects Of An Aerobic Arm Cranking Program On Children With Myelomeningocele, Lisa L. Jacques

Student Work

The number of men and women with lower extremity disability is growing {Pollock, Miller, Linnerind, Laughridge, Coleman, and Alexander, 1974). A chief cause of this growth is an increase in the number of accidents damaging the spinal column (Pollock et al., 1974). However, many individuals are also born with these types of disabilities, and one of the causes is a disease termed spina bifida. Spina bifida occurs in about 3 per 1000 live births (Batshaw & Perret, 1981). The spine of children born with this defect is bifida and may be exposed, along with nervous tissue surrounding the area, on …

The Effect Of A Corporate Fitness Program On Worker Productivity, Joseph A. Leutzinger

Student Work

Other parts of the world, namely Europe and Asia, are out producing the United States. According to Steers & Porter (1987), the U.S. ranked sixth among seven leading industrial nations in productivity increases from 1968-1978. An unhealthy life-style is one factor causing decreased productivity in the U.S. (Cox, Shephard & Corey, 1981). Fitness level, work capacity, mental fatigue and stress are related to life-style and have an impact on productivity (Falkenberg, 1987). It is estimated that two-thirds of all businesses in the U.S. with fifty or more employees offer some type of health promotion program (McLemore & Dolzier, 1987). These …

Comparison Of Responses To Weight Training In Prepubescent And Adult Males, Margaret M. Sailors

Student Work

The effect of overload training on adults has been considered for thousands of years. Centuries before Christ, Milo of Crotona carried a calf on his back daily until the animal was full-grown, resulting in one of the earliest accounts of the overload principle (Bergan & Scoles, 1979). Results of overload training on adults have been well documented (Tanner, 1952; Hellebrandt & Houtz, 1958; Berger,1962a; 1962b; Rasch & Pierson, 1963; Berger & Hardage, 1967; Stull & Clark, 1970; Leighton, Holmes, Benson, Wooten & Schmerer, 1967; Wilmore, 1975; Gettman, Ward & Hager, 1982). However, how overload affects children and adolescents is barely …

A Comparison Of The Cardiorespiratory Responses Of Prepubescent Boys And Adult Men To Similar Exercise Programs, Mary Marlene Petratis

Student Work

The cardiorespiratory effects of exercise training in adults have been widely researched (26,39,53,56,57). Through training, the adult experiences an increase in maximum aerobic power (V 02 max), a decrease in resting and submaximum heart rate and an increase in maximum cardiac output (26,36,53,54,59,60). These physiological changes result in an increase in physical working capacity and an enhanced tolerance to all exercise workloads.

Factors contributing to the training effect in the adult include the intensity, the duration, and the frequency of exercise (1, 2). The recommended type of exercise involves activities which use large muscle groups of the body in a …

The Physiological And Physical Effects Of A Seven Week Summer Wrestling Camp On Experienced Prepubescent Wrestlers, Wade Hoyt Thomson

Student Work

Participation by children in competitive sports programs has increased considerably within the past 20 years, in part because of the increased number of competitive sports programs available for children (59). Fur­thermore, children are becoming increasingly involved at younger ages (48). Frequently, these programs are very physical, and actively compet­itive with little consideration given to how the children may respond or adapt to the strenuous exercise. It is tacitly assumed that children sports participants will experience the same physiological and physical benefits as would adult participants .

The Effects Of Three Stretching Techniques On Flexibility, Mark Edward Wortman

Student Work

According to deVries (11), flexibility is defined as the range of possible movement in a joint or series of joints. The assessment of flexibility is a concern for both physical education and. the medical professions·. Apparently, an adequate amount of flexibility is essential for rehabilitation from injury,.prevention of injury and superior athletic performance (2, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 25, 31, 37, 43, 45). Presently, three stretching techniques are available: 1) static or slow sustained; 2) ballistic or bounce; 3) pro­-prioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). However, there appears to be no uniform agreement as to the best technique for …

Effect Of Diet On Aerobic Performance, Maureen Hall Fennerty

Student Work

Aerobic performance is affected by a number of physiological, psychological, sociological and environmental factors (Astrand, 1977). Among the many physiological factors nutrition plays an important part. However, when considering what constitutes a balanced diet, nutritionists express varying opinions as to what percentage of protein, fat and carbohydrate should be included for the general populace and the athlete. Mayer and Bullen (1960) in their review of literature on nutrition and athletic performance concluded a balanced diet is adequate for the athlete.

A Comparison Of Three Training Programs In Developing Cardiovascular Fitness In Untrained Women, Carol S. Hovey

Student Work

Interval training is defined by Fox and Mathews (1974) as a series of repeated bouts of exercise alternated with periods of rest or relief. Much research has been done comparing different intensities, durations, and work-relief ratios in interval training, and how these affect the development. of the various physiological systems of the body. Little, however, has been done to compare the development of aerobic power with the duration and intensity of the work interval varied, with frequency per week held constant. Research in this area has been especially limited using untrained women as subjects. Rosentswieg and Burrhus (1975) point out …

The Relationship Between Body Fat And Physical Well-Being Of Children, Aged Six To Thirteen, As Determined By Physical Activity And Physical Fitness, Paul Sieczkowski

Student Work

Body fat has several implications for an individual's physical well-being. Aside from its functional aspects as an energy reserve and as a thermal insulator, excess body fat has been related to an increased mortality rate (Dublin, 1930). Vitale (1973) and deVries (1974) emphasized that excess fat is associated with many degenerative diseases such as diabetes, gallstones, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Mayer (1953) noted that there might be seasonal changes in the body fat level due to changes in activity level. Johnson, Burke,, and Mayer (1956) traced the onset of obesity of most "late obesity" children to the winter …

The Effect Of Two Athletic Training Programs On Aerobic Capacity, Anaerobic Capacity, Reaction Time, And Percent Body Fat, Paul W. Petersen

Student Work

It is perhaps obvious that athletic teams, such as basketball and wrestling, use different conditioning pro­grams during the regular season of competition because of the nature of their sports. Although many coaches initiate particular programs and use them year after year, rarely do they have any definite measurements concerning the effects of the program on their athletes other than a win-loss record. To better understand the conditioning that takes place in various sports, in this study, several parameters of fitness were calculated-using the basketball and wrestling teams at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. The measurements will indicate the change …