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Immunology of Infectious Disease Commons™

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Medicine and Health Sciences

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Full-Text Articles in Immunology of Infectious Disease

Investigating Microbial And Host Factors That Modulate Severity Of Clostridioides Difficile Associated Disease, Armando Lerma Nov 2020

Investigating Microbial And Host Factors That Modulate Severity Of Clostridioides Difficile Associated Disease, Armando Lerma

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Clostridioides difficile is recognized as one of the most important pathogens in hospital and community healthcare settings. The clinical outcome of infection of toxigenic C. difficile infection (CDI) ranges from asymptomatic colonization to fulminant pseudomembranous colitis and death. In recent studies, it has been suggested that a high proportion of nosocomial CDI cases are transmitted from asymptomatic carriers which might be acting as infection reservoirs. Understanding what causes the different responses to infection could lead to the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies. Although several explanations have been proposed to explain variations in susceptibility, understanding of the exact mechanisms …

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The Differentiation And Protective Function Of Cytolytic Cd4 T Cells In Influenza Infection, Deborah M. Brown, Anna T. Lampe, Aspen M. Workman Jan 2016

The Differentiation And Protective Function Of Cytolytic Cd4 T Cells In Influenza Infection, Deborah M. Brown, Anna T. Lampe, Aspen M. Workman

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

CD4 T cells that recognize peptide antigen in the context of class II MHC can differentiate into various subsets that are characterized by their helper functions. However, increasing evidence indicates that CD4 cells with direct cytolytic activity (CD4 CTL) play a role in chronic as well as acute infections, such as influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In the last couple of decades, techniques to measure the frequency and activity of these cytolytic cells has demonstrated their abundance in infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus, mouse pox, murine gamma herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and influenza among others. We now appreciate …

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Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection Stimulates Inflammosome Formation And Caspase 1 Activity, Jianlin Wang, Jeffrey Alexander, Matthew S. Wiebe, Clinton J. Jones Jan 2014

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Productive Infection Stimulates Inflammosome Formation And Caspase 1 Activity, Jianlin Wang, Jeffrey Alexander, Matthew S. Wiebe, Clinton J. Jones

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), a significant viral pathogen of cattle, causes inflammation in affected tissue during acute infection. Consequently, we tested whether productively infected bovine cells stimulate inflammasome formation. Expression of two components required for inflammasome formation, the DNA sensor IFI16 (gamma-interferon-inducible protein 16) and NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3), were induced in bovine kidney cells by eight hours after infection. IFI16 was detected in punctate granules localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. During productive infection, more than ten times more cells were caspase 1 positive, which is activated following inflammasome formation. Two caspase 1 inhibitors had …

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Tca Cycle Inactivation In Staphylococcus Aureus Alters Nitric Oxide Production In Raw 264.7 Cells, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Donald J. Gardner, James M. Musser, David J. Steffen, Greg A. Somerville, Jay Reddy Jan 2011

Tca Cycle Inactivation In Staphylococcus Aureus Alters Nitric Oxide Production In Raw 264.7 Cells, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Donald J. Gardner, James M. Musser, David J. Steffen, Greg A. Somerville, Jay Reddy

Jay Reddy Publications

Inactivation of the Staphylococcus aureus tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle delays the resolution of cutaneous ulcers in a mouse soft tissue infection model. In this study, it was observed that cutaneous lesions in mice infected with wild-type or isogenic aconitase mutant S. aureus strains contained comparable inflammatory infiltrates, suggesting the delayed resolution was independent of the recruitment of immune cells. These observations led us to hypothesize that staphylococcal metabolism can modulate the host immune response. Using an in vitro model system involving RAW 264.7 cells, the authors observed that cells cultured with S. aureus aconitase mutant strains produced significantly lower amounts …

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Modulation Of Cd4 Co-Receptor Limits Spontaneous Autoimmunity When High-Affinity Transgenic Tcr Specific For Self-Antigen Is Expressed On A Genetically Resistant Background, Zsolt Illés, Hanspeter Waldner, Jay Reddy, Ana C. Anderson, Raymond A. Sobel, Vijay K. Kuchroo Jan 2007

Modulation Of Cd4 Co-Receptor Limits Spontaneous Autoimmunity When High-Affinity Transgenic Tcr Specific For Self-Antigen Is Expressed On A Genetically Resistant Background, Zsolt Illés, Hanspeter Waldner, Jay Reddy, Ana C. Anderson, Raymond A. Sobel, Vijay K. Kuchroo

Jay Reddy Publications

Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139–151 is an immunodominant peptide that induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in H-2s SJL/J mice. While PLP 139–151-specific TCR transgenic (tg) 4E3 mice develop fulminant spontaneous disease on the susceptible SJL/J background, spontaneous EAE is dramatically reduced on the H-2s congenic B10.S background. On this resistant background, we observed a high frequency of positively selected tg CD42CD82 (DN) thymocytes and peripheral DN tg T cells. Splenic DN tg T cells responded to anti-CD3 stimulation similarly to CD41 cells, but proliferative and cytokine responses to PLP 139–151 were blunted, implying that CD4 coreceptor down-regulation modulated …

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Premature Induction Of An Immunosuppressive Regulatory T Cell Response During Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Jacob D. Estes, Qingsheng Li, Matthew R. Reynolds, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Lijie Duan, Timothy Schacker, Louis J. Picker, David I. Watkins, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Ashley T. Haase Jan 2006

Premature Induction Of An Immunosuppressive Regulatory T Cell Response During Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Jacob D. Estes, Qingsheng Li, Matthew R. Reynolds, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Lijie Duan, Timothy Schacker, Louis J. Picker, David I. Watkins, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Here we report the results of an investigation into the possibility that one mechanism responsible for the establishment of persistent human immunodeficiency virus infection is an early regulatory T (Treg) cell response that blunts virus- specific responses. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected rhesus macaque model, we show that, indeed, viral replication and immune activation in lymphatic tissue drive a premature immunosuppressive response, with dramatic increases in the frequencies of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells, transforming growth factor–β1+ cells, interleukin–10+ cells, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase+CD3+ cells.When we compared SIV infection with rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) …

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Quantitative Image Analysis Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Macrophages Coinfected With Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Qingsheng Li, Keith G. Mansfield, Andrew Lackner, Ashley T. Haase Jan 2000

Quantitative Image Analysis Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Macrophages Coinfected With Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Qingsheng Li, Keith G. Mansfield, Andrew Lackner, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Mycobacterium avium is the most frequent cause of disseminated bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and in rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. This animal model of AIDS was used to test the hypothesis that this frequent association is the result of reciprocal enhancement of replication of both microorganisms. The replication of M. avium and SIV was analyzed in lymphatic tissues obtained from rhesus macaques experimentally inoculated with SIVmac who developed or remained free of overt M. avium infection. In situ hybridization, quantitative image analysis, and staining of M. avium and of macrophages …

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Bibliography Of Diseases And Parasites Of Marine Fish And Shellfish (With Emphasis On Commercially Important Species), Carl J. Sindermann Jun 1970

Bibliography Of Diseases And Parasites Of Marine Fish And Shellfish (With Emphasis On Commercially Important Species), Carl J. Sindermann

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The literature on diseases and parasites of marine animals has been accumulating at an accelerating rate in recent decades, and at a seemingly geometrical rate in the past few years. Reviews of selected aspects of the subject have appeared (Cheng, 1967; Sindermann, 1966; Sindermann and Rosenfield, 1967). References listed in these papers include a significant, but still a small part, of the available literature. With the proliferation of journals in many languages throughout the world, a complete bibliography, even in a narrow area of research, is almost an impossibility. Then too, the daily appearance of new published information represents an …

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Ixodid Ticks: Possible Vectors Of Tuberculosis, Ya. A. Blagodarnyy, I. N. Blekhman, M. P. Yukunin Jan 1966

Ixodid Ticks: Possible Vectors Of Tuberculosis, Ya. A. Blagodarnyy, I. N. Blekhman, M. P. Yukunin

U.S. Navy Research

"From these tests, we established that artificially and naturally fed ticks are susceptible to the infective source and preserve tuberculosis mycobacteria in the body for a long period."

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