Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 10: Haemosporida (Order): The “Malaria Parasites” [Protozoa, Apicomplexa], Susan L. Perkins, Spencer C. Galen

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the order Haemosporida, also referred to as the malaria parasites, including history of the knowledge of malaria, general life cycle, diversity of the group, classification, and phylogenetic relationships. Covers malaria parasites of birds, squamate reptiles, rodents, and other mammals, including humans and other apes. Includes discussion of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi. Includes sections on the impact on human genetics and health, including sickle cell anemia, Duffy coat receptors, and combatting malarial disease.

Chapter 10 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 11: Trypanosoma (Genus) [Protozoa, Trypanosomatidae], Ana Maria Jansen, Samanta C. Chagas Xavier, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the genus Trypanosoma, protozoan flagellate parasites. Covers the classification, development, life cycles, and effect on human and domestic animal health.

Chapter 11 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the genus Trypanosoma by Ana Maria Jansen, Samanta C. Chagas Xavier, and André Luiz Rodrigues Roque. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap011

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 12: Leishmania (Genus) And Leishmaniasis [Protozoa, Trypanosomatidae], Mary Ann Mcdowell, Jennifer Robichaud

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the genus Leishmania, protozoan flagellate parasites. Covers the classification, development, life cycles, and effect on human and domestic animal health, including a discussion of the human disease leishmaniasis as well as animal models and immunology.

Chapter 12 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the genus Leishmania and leishmaniasis by Mary Ann McDowell and Jennifer Robichaud. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap012

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 13: Myxozoa (Subphylum), Terrence L. Miller

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Recent phylogenetic and protein expression analyses have revealed the diverse group of obligate endoparasites of the subphylum Myxozoa are morphologically simplified, although highly specialized, cnidarians. Covered here are the classification and host associations of these animals, life cycle stages, infection dynamics, diagnostics, and the effect on aquatic host animal health, including whirling disease.

Chapter 13 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the subphylum Myxozoa by Terrence L. Miller. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap013

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 14: Mesozoa (Phylum Dicyemida And Phylum Orthonecta) [Mesozoa], Sarah R. Catalano

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the Mesozoa, parasites of marine invertebrates such as squid, octopus, and cuttlefish. Discusses the taxonomic classification, position in the Tree of Life, morphology, life cycle (inlcuding the secondary nematogen), hosts, patterns of infection, and molecular analyses, collection, and staining methods.

Chapter 14 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the Mesozoa (phylum Dicyemida and phylum Orthonectida) by Sarah R. Catalano. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap014

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 15: Introduction To Endoparasitic Platyhelminths (Phylum Platyhelminthes), Larry S. Roberts, John J. Janovy Jr., Steven A. Nadler, Scott L. Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An introduction to the endoparasitic forms of platyhelminths, referred to colloquially at times as flatworms. Platyhelminths include monogeneans, cestodes (tapeworms), and trematodes (flukes). Covers their general morphology and a brief overview of their systematics.

Chapter 15 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, an introduction to endoparasitic platyhelminths, by Larry S. Roberts, John J. Janovy, Jr., Steve Nadler, and Scott L. Gardner. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap015

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 16: Introduction To Cestodes (Class Cestoda) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda], Scott L. Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of cestodes (tapeworms) focusing on a description of their general morphology.

Chapter 16 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, an introduction to cestodes (class Cestoda), by Scott L. Gardner. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap016

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 18: Taenia (Genus) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Sumiya Ganzorig, Scott L. Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Discusses the cestode (tapeworm) genus Taenia, several species of which infect humans, including their general morphology, the asexual reproduction of the metacestodes, identifcation, systematics, phylogeny, distribution, hosts, and their medical and veterinary importance.

Chapter 18 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the genus Taenia by Sumiya Ganzorig and Scott L. Gardner. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap018

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 19: Echinococcus (Genus) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Akira Ito, Scott L. Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Discusses the cestode (tapeworm) genus Echinococcus, several species of which infect humans, including their general morphology, taxonomy, systematics, life cycles, host range, and medical and veterinary importance.

Chapter 19 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the family Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911 by Tomáš Scholz and Roman Kuchta. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap019

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 20: Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911 (Family) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Tomáš Scholz, Roman L. Kuchta

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) family Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911, including a discussion of the current classification, general morphology, species diversity, life cycles, host associations, geographical distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and selected Nearctic taxa.

Chapter 20 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology on the family Proteocephalidae La Rue, 1911 by Tomáš Scholz and Roman Kuchta. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap020

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 21: Bothriocephalidea Kuchta Et Al., 2008 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Jorge Falcón-Ordaz, Luis García-Prieto

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) order Bothriocephalidea Kuchta et al., 2008, including a discussion of the main morphological characteristics, the description and summary of a representative species, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Yamaguti, 1934) Brabec et al., 2015 (also known as the Asian fish tapeworm), including its prevalence, life cycles, host range, and zoogeography.

Chapter 21 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Jorge Falcón-Ordaz and Luis García-Prieto. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap021

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 22: Diphyllobothriidea Kuchta Et Al., 2008 (Order): The Broad Tapeworms [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Tomáš Scholz, Roman L. Kuchta

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

Broad tapeworms are among the largest tapeworms on Earth and some species have been known as human parasites for a long time. However, species diversity of these usually large-sized tapeworms is still poorly known, partly because of the existence of numerous unresolved taxonomic problems. They currently get some attention due to several cases of human infection in non-endemic areas due to importation of unfrozen fish.

Includes an overview of the cestode order Diphyllobothriidea Kuchta et al., 2008, the group's taxonomic history, current classification, general morphology, species diversity, life cycles, host associations, geographic distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and selected taxa from the …

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 17: Cyclophyllidea Beneden In Braun, 1900 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Scott L. Gardner

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

A very brief overview of the Cyclophyllidea, an order of cestode (tapeworm) parasites that includes important human pathogens, including the genera Hymenolepis, Taenia, and Echinococcus.

Chapter 17 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology, by Scott L. Gardner. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap017

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 23: Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Francisco Zaragoza-Tapia, Scott Monks

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) order Trypanorhyncha Diesing, 1863, common parasites of marine fish, including general morphology, taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, lists of genera within the subordinate superfamilies, and their life cycle and zoogeography.

Chapter 23 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Francisco Zaragoza-Tapia and Scott Monks. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap023

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 24: Cathetocephalidea Schmidt And Beveridge, 1990 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Luis García-Prieto, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García, Berenice Adán-Torres

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) order Cathetocephalidea Schmidt and Beveridge, 1990, parasites of the spiral intestine (also called the spiral valve) of sharks. Includes a discussion of their main morphological characteristics, the species in the order, a description and summary of a representative species, Cathetocephalus resendezi Caira et al., 2005, and life cycles.

Chapter 24 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Luis García-Prieto, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García, and Berenice Adán-Torres. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap024

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 25: Diphyllidea Van Beneden In Carus, 1863 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Luis García-Prieto, Brenda Atziri García-García, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Berenice Adán-Torres

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) order Diphyllidea van Beneden in Carus, 1863, a group of small and polyzoic cestodes inhabiting the spiral valve of elasmobranchs that occurs worldwide. Includes a discussion of the main morphological characteristics, species in the order, including a description and summary of a representative species, Halysioncum mexicanum (Tyler & Caira, 1999) Caira et al., 2013, and the life cycle.

Chapter 25 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Luis García-Prieto, Brenda Atziri García-García, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, and Berenice Adán-Torres. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap025

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 26: Lecanicephalidea Hyman, 1951 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Luis García-Prieto, Berenice Adán-Torres, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) order Lecanicephalidea Hyman, 1951, mainly parasites of the spiral intestine of batoid elasmobranchs, with worldwide distribution. Includes discussion of their main morphological characteristics, taxonomy, description and summary of a representative species, Aberrapex senticosum Jensen, 2001, and life cycles. These worms are remarkably diverse in their morphology.

Chapter 26 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Luis García-Prieto, Berenice Adán-Torres, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, and Brenda Atziri García-García. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap026

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 28: Phyllobothriidea Caira Et Al., 2014 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Brenda Atziri García-García, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Berenice Adán-Torres, Luis García-Prieto

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the acetabulate cestode (tapeworm) order Phyllobothriidea Caira et al., 2014, parasites of the spiral valve or spiral intestine of sharks and occasionally batoid rays. Includes a discussion of their main morphological characteristics, a description and summary of a representative species, Paraorygmatobothrium prionacis (Yamaguti, 1934) Ruhnke, 1993, taxonomy (much of which is yet uncertain), and life cycles.

Chapter 28 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Brenda Atziri García-García, Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Berenice Adán-Torres, and Luis García-Prieto. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap028

Concepts In Animal Parasitology, Chapter 29: Rhinebothriidea Healy Et Al., 2009 (Order) [Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Eucestoda], Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García, Berenice Adán-Torres, Luis García-Prieto

Concepts in Animal Parasitology

An overview of the cestode (tapeworm) order Rhinebothriidea Healy et al., 2009, small worms that occur in the spiral intestine (valve) of rays (Batoidea) from marine and freshwater habitats worldwide. Includes discussion of their main morphological characteristics, a description and summary of a epresentative species, Anthocephalum currani Ruhnke and Seaman 2009, taxonomy, life cycle, and zoogeography.

Chapter 29 in Concepts in Animal Parasitology by Omar Lagunas-Calvo, Brenda Atziri García-García, Berenice Adán-Torres, and Luis García-Prieto. 2024. S. L. Gardner and S. A. Gardner, editors. Zea Books, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.ciap029

Role Of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 2 And Its Receptor In Human Reproductive Cancers, Dr. Amy T. Desaulniers, Brett White

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) and its receptor (GnRHR1) drive reproduction by regulating gonadotropins. Another form, GnRH2, and its receptor (GnRHR2), also exist in mammals. In humans, GnRH2 and GnRHR2 genes are present, but coding errors in the GnRHR2 gene are predicted to hinder full-length protein production. Nonetheless, mounting evidence supports the presence of a functional GnRHR2 in humans. GnRH2 and its receptor have been identified throughout the body, including peripheral reproductive tissues like the ovary, uterus, breast, and prostate. In addition, GnRH2 and its receptor have been detected in a wide number of reproductive cancer cells in humans. Notably, GnRH2 analogues …

Resolution Of The Tetrabothrius Jagerskioeldi Cryptic Species Complex Among Holarctic Alcidae (Charadriiformes): Cestodes Among Fraterculinae—Exploring Marine Diversity, Host Range, And Dynamic Oceanography In The Greater North Pacific, Eric P. Hoberg, Kaylen Marie Soudachanh, Svetlana K. Bondarenko

MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity

In the biosphere, limits for diversity among species, communities, and biomes are revealed through intensive and extensive field-based inventory and assembly of voucher specimens and associated informatics examined in a phylogenetic, historical, ecological, and biogeographic arena. Archival resources for specimens and information contribute to a cumulative view of faunal structure and assembly under a comparative umbrella. Ultimately, species definitions, and inclusive partitions among populations and lineages, are fundamental in articulating hypotheses that examine interactions about evolution, the nature of organisms, and the condition of environments across space and time. We conclude our proposals establishing species limits for tapeworms of the …

Molecular Species Delimitation Of Marine Trematodes Over Wide Geographical Ranges: Schikhobalotrema Spp. (Digenea: Haplosplanchnidae) In Needlefishes (Belonidae) From The Pacific Ocean And Gulf Of Mexico, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, Brenda Solórzano-García, Daniel C. Huston, Berenit Mendoza-Garfias, Jhonatan Cabañas-Granillo, Scott C. Cutmore, Thomas H. Cribb

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Geographical distribution plays a major role in our understanding of marine biodiversity. Some marine fish trematodes have been shown to have highly restricted geographical distributions, while some are known to occur over very wide ranges; however, very few of these wide distributions have been demonstrated genetically. Here, we analyse species of the genus Schikhobalotrema (Haplosplanchnidae) parasitizing beloniforms from the tropical west Pacific, the eastern Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). We test the boundaries of these trematodes by integrating molecular and morphological data, host association, habitat of the hosts and geographical distribution, following a recently proposed and standardized delineation …

Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis Increases Nasopharyngeal Isolation Of Multidrug Resistant Mannheimia Haemolytica In Stocker Heifers, William B. Crosby, Brandi B. Karisch, Lari M. Hiott, Lee J. Pinnell, Alexandra Pittman, Jonathan G. Frye, Charlene R. Jackson, John Dustin Loy, William B. Epperson, John Blanton Jr., Sarah F. Capik, Paul S. Morley, Amelia R. Woolums

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of disease in feedlot and stocker calves with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) as one of the most common etiologies. One of the most effective means of controlling BRD is through metaphylaxis, which involves administering antimicrobials to all animals at high risk of developing BRD. However, increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) MH may reduce efficacy of metaphylaxis due to decreased susceptibility to drugs used for metaphylaxis. Primarily, this study aimed to determine the effect of tulathromycin metaphylaxis and subsequent BRD treatment on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in MH isolated from stocker calves. Secondary objectives …

Intraspecific Variation Of Morphological Traits Backed Up With Molecular Evidence Votes For Re‑Appraisal Of Hitherto Distinguished Balaustium Species—A Case Study Of Balaustium Murorum (Acariformes: Parasitengona, Erythraeidae), Joanna Mąkol, Magdalena Felska

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Molecular examination of representatives of Balaustium from several populations in SW Poland, performed using the sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, confirmed their common specific affiliation and identity with Balaustium murorum. The potential presence of distinct species in the studied material, preliminarily inferred from the discovery of clusters as a result of Principal Component Analysis exploring the metric data sets, was rejected due to the finding of only one haplotype, at intra- and inter-population sampling. An insight into meristic traits in larvae, focused on chaetotaxy of legs, revealed wider variation than hitherto recognized for the …

D-Shaped Nematode Eggs In The Feces Of Rangifer Tarandus: A Story In Pictures, Olga A. Loginova

MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity

D-shaped nematode eggs in the feces of Rangifer tarandus are expected to be oxyurid nematodes (Nemata: Oxyurida) of the genus Skrjabinema. The species S. tarandi is considered species-specific for this host. There is no consensus regarding the cross-infection of reindeer and sheep with S. ovis and S. tarandi. The drawings proposed by descriptors complicate differential diagnostics. Micrographs of S. tarandi eggs obtained via light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as well as photographs of S. ovis eggs and drawings made on their basis are proposed to confidently distinguish between representatives of these two species, taking into account morphometric data. Thus, …

Transgenic Mice Expressing Functional Tcrs Specific To Cardiac Myhc-Α 334–352 On Both Cd4 And Cd8 T Cells Are Resistant To The Development Of Myocarditis On C57bl/6 Genetic Background, Meghna Sur, Mahima T. Rasquinha, Rajkumar Arumugam, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunkumar Gangaplara, Kiruthiga Mone, Ninaad Lasrado, Bharathi Yalaka, Aakash Doiphode, Channabasavaiah Gurumurthy, David J. Steffen, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Myocarditis is a predominant cause of congestive heart failure and sudden death in children and young adolescents that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis mediated by T cells can result from the recognition of cardiac antigens that may involve CD4 or CD8 T cells or both. In this report, we describe the generation of T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334–352 and make the following observations: First, we verified that Myhc-α 334–352 was immunogenic in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and induced antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses despite being …

A Naturally Derived Watercress Flower-Based Phenethyl Isothiocyanate-Enriched Extract Induces The Activation Of Intrinsic Apoptosis Via Subcellular Ultrastructural And Ca2+ Efflux Alterations In An In Vitro Model Of Human Malignant Melanoma, Sotiris Kyriakou, Louiza Potamiti, Nikoletta Demosthenous, Tom Amery, Kyle Stewart, Paul G. Winyard, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The aim of the current study was to (i) extract isolated fractions of watercress flowers enriched in polyphenols, phenethyl isothiocyanate and glucosinolates and (ii) characterize the anticancer mode of action of non-lethal, sub-lethal and lethal concentrations of the most potent extract fraction in primary (A375) and metastatic (COLO-679) melanoma cells as well as non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the Alamar Blue assay, whereas ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were determined via transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was determined using Mito-MP dye, whereas apoptosis was evaluated through the activation of caspases-3, -8 and …

Color Stability, Physical Properties And Antifungal Effects Of Zro2 Additions To Experimental Maxillofacial Silicones: Comparisons With Tio2, Mazen Alkahtany, Mark W. Beatty, Fahd Alsalleeh, Thomas M. Petro, Bobby Simetich, You Zhou, Dennis Feely, Grigoris Polyzois

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

(1) Background: Color changes, physical degradation, and fungal infections are challenges to the longevity of maxillofacial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers. This study aimed to evaluate color changes, physical properties, and antifungal properties of PDMS loaded with ZrO₂ and TiO₂ submicron- and nano-sized particles. (2) Methods: A 1% weight of 40 nm or 200 nm diameter ZrO₂ or TiO₂ nanoparticles was mixed into PDMS with 2% functional intrinsic yellow pigment and polymerized. Control materials contained 13% weight 200 nm silica. Samples were exposed to 3000 h of UVB radiation (200 μW/cm²) or darkness. Color parameters L*a*b* …

An Evolutionary Pathway For Coping With Emerging Infectious Disease, Scott Lyell Gardner, Daniel R. Brooks, Walter A. Boeger, Eric P. Hoberg

Zea E-Books Collection

Emerging infectious disease (EID) represents an existential threat to humanity. EIDs are increasing in frequency and impact because of climate change and other human activities. We are losing the battle against EIDs because of improper assessment of the risk of EID. This stems from adherence to a failed paradigm of pathogen-host associations that suggests EIDs ought to be both unpredictable and rare. That, in turn, leads to policies suggesting that crisis response is the best we can do. Real-time and phylogenetic assessments show EIDs to be neither rare nor unpredictable—this is the parasite paradox that shows the failures of the …

Gregarine Parasites In Zygoptera Of Keith County, Ne, Anisha Kadubandi, B. Gage Kircher Ii, Scott L. Gardner

UCARE: Research Products

Prevalence of Gregarine Protozoa Infection in Zygoptera Sourced from Varying Collection Sites in Keith County, Nebraska

B.G Kircher II, A. Kadubandi, and S.L. Gardner S. H.W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Cedar Point Biological Station, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Damselflies are ubiquitous flying insects of the order Odonata with thousands of species found around the world. The parasites associated with damselfly species are equally as ubiquitous, with the most common being gregarine protozoa and water mites, though other parasitic organisms such as trematodes are also found in these animals. Gaining an understanding of the relationships among hosts and …