Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Trematode-Gastropod Associations In Nine Non-Lacustrine Habitats In The Mwanza Region Of Tanzania, Sam Loker, H. G. Moyo, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Between August 1978 and July 1979, freshwater gastropods were collected at monthly intervals from 9 different non-lacustrine habitats in the Mwanza region of Tanzania. Of a total of 11 708 gastropods representing 14 species, 1748 (14.9 %) were infected with trematode sporocysts and/or rediae. Altogether 38 morphologically distinguishable ‘species’ of cercariae were recovered (13 furcocercous, 10 xiphidiocercaria, 6 echinostome, 4 cystophorous, 3 gymnocephalous and 2 amphistome species), 22 of which did not conform to previously described African species. The majority (63.8%) of all mature infections were xiphidiocercariae. Biomphalaria pfeifferi, B. sudanica and Ceratophallus natalensis each yielded 11 species of …

Pseudogymnophallus Alcae Gen. N. Et Sp. N. (Trematoda: Gymnophallidae) From Alcids (Charadriiformes) In Subarctic Seas, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Pseudogymnophallus alcae gen. n. et sp. n. is described for trematodes from alcids (Charadriiformes: Alcidae) from the North Pacific region (Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and Chukchi Sea): horned puffin, Fratercula corniculuta; tufted puffin, Lunda cirrhuta; parakeet auklet, Cvclorrhvnchus psittacula, and least auklet, Aethia pusilla; and from the western North Atlantic Ocean, (Gulf of St. Lawrence): razorbill, Alca torda. Pseudogymnophallus is distinguished from other genera of Gymnophallidae by the intertesticular position of the ovary; a cylindrical, undivided seminal vesicle; and by an intestinal diverticulum dorsal to the arch of each cecum.

Differentiation Of Late Fourth And Early Fifth Stages Of Ascaris Suum Goeze, 1782 (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) In Swine, P. A. Pilitt, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, F. G. Tromba, P. A. Madden

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The morphology of late fourth and early fifth stages of Ascaris suum in swine was studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. Late fourth-stage larvae have dome-shaped lips, that are broadest at the base and incompletely separated laterally. The lips bear coarse, triangular dentides, irregularly spaced on the internomedial and internolateral walls. Large double papillae are located on the middle of the external lip surface. The cervical region gradually increases in width posteriorly. The late fourth-stage cuticle is marked by a coarse transverse striation and bears incomplete longitudinal ridges, creating a brickwork pattern; longitudinal alae are present. Late fourth and …

Parasites And Diseases Of Mullets (Mugilidae), I. Paperna, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The following treatment of parasites, diseases and conditions affecting mullet hopefully serves several functions. It acquaints someone involved in rearing mullets with problems he can face and topics he should investigate. We cannot go into extensive illustrative detail on every species or group, but do provide a listing of most parasites reported or known from mullet and some pertinent general information on them. Because of these enumerations, the paper should also act as a review for anyone interested in mullet parasites or the use of such parasites as indicators about a mullet's diet and migratory behavior. Unfortunately, limited space prohibits …

Systematic Review Of Cestodes Infecting Freshwater Stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) Including Four New Species From Venezuela, Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayes, Thomas B. Thorson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestode parasites were collected in freshwater stingrays from localities in Colombia, Venezuela. Brazil, and Paraguay. Four new species are described from Venezuela. Potamotrygonocestus orinocoensis sp. n. from Potamotrygon reticulatus in the delta of the Orinoco River resembles P. magdalenensis by having compact rather than follicular vitellaria, but differs by having larger and differently shaped bothridial hooks. Acanthobothrium regoi sp. n. from P. hystrix in the delta of the Orinoco River most closely resembles A. quinonesi, but differs by having larger bothridial hooks. Rhinebothroides glandularis sp. n. from Potamotrygon hystrix in the delta of the Orinoco River most closely resembles …

Two New Tetraphyllidean Cestodes From Potamotrygon Circularis Garman (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) In The Itacnai River, Brazill, Monte A. Mayes, Daniel R. Brooks, Thomas B. Thorson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The new genus Rhinebothroides is proposed to include three species of Rhinebothriumlike cestodes parasitizing freshwater stingrays in South America. They differ from Rhinebothrium species by having squared rather than elongate bothridia, by possessing internal seminal vesicles, and by exhibiting terminal genitalia at the ovarian level. Rhinebothroides circularisi sp. n. in Potamotrygon circularis from the Itacuai River in northwestern Brazil differs from R. moralarai by having more testes and bothridial loculi and differs from R. scorzai by lacking vitelline follicles proximate to the genital pore, by having a straight rather than coiled vagina, and by possessing craspedote rather than acraspedote …

Morphology Of Leishmania Donovani Colonies Grown On Blood Agar Plates, Amy Doran Keppel, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Previous studies have shown that several species of Trypanosomatidae can be grown as discrete and, in some cases clonal, colonies on blood agar plates, and that species differ in colony phenotype (Noeller, 1917, Arch. Schiffs Trop. Hyg. 21: 5-94; Senekjie, 1944, J. Parasitol. 30: 303-308; Newton, 1956, Nature 177: 279-280; Keppel and Janovy, 1977, J. Parasitol. 63: 879-882). None of these previous studies, however, has addressed the following question: Does the life cycle stage used to initiate agar plate culture affect colony phenotype? The question also can be phrased as follows: Does passage through a vertebrate host alter agar plate …

Myxosoma Funduli Kudo 1918 (Protozoa: Myxosporida) In Fundulus Kansae (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae): Annual Prevalence And Geographic Distribution, Stephen A. Knight, John J. Janovy Jr., William L. Current

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The occurrence and distribution of the myxosporidan, Myxosoma funduli, in the Plains killifish (Fundulus kansae) were investigated. Samples from sites on the South Platte and Platte River drainages in Nebraska were collected by seining during various months of 1976, 1977, and 1978. At a number of the localities no F. kansae were found; the remainder of the collecting sites showed the host population to be abundant, but the M. funduli infections to vary in prevalence. The protozoan parasite population in F. kansae, upstream from the Nebraska Tri-County Diversion Dam and Canal, at North Platte, Nebraska, demonstrated …

Contracaecum Multipapillatum (=C. Robustum) From Fishes And Birds In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Thomas L. Deardorff, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

This note clarifies the taxonomic status of the ascaridoid Contracaecum robustum Chandler 1935 based on larval development, investigates the nematode's potential as a public health hazard, and reports the relative prevalence of it and related species along the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Brooks' Response To Holmes And Price, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Daniel R. Brooks' response to Holmes and Price (Systematic Zoology, 29(2), 1980) regarding Brooks' views on the evolution of non-interactive parasite communities.

Biology And Pathogenesis Of The Coccidium Eimeria Funduli Infecting Killifishes, Mobashir A. Solangi, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Epizootics of Eimeria funduli involved estuarine killifishes (Fundulus grandis, F. pulvereus, F. similis, and F. heteroclitus) in Mississippi, Alabama, and Virginia. All of more than 500 specimens examined of F. grandis from Mississippi during 1977 through 1979 had infections, regardless of age, sex, or season collected. Oocysts occurred primarily in the liver and pancreas, replacing up to 85% of both those organs. Infrequent sites of infection were fatty tissue of the body cavity, ovary, intestine, and caudal peduncle. Living fish did not discharge oocysts. Eimeria funduli is the first known eimerian to require a second host. To …

"Blinding" Of Shoots And A Leaf Gall In Amsinckia Intermedia Induced By Anguina Amsinckia (Steiner And Scott, 1934) (Nemata, Tylenchidae), With A Note On The Absence Of A Rachis In A. Amsinckia, C. Nagamine, Armarnd R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

"Blinding" and a leaf gall induced on Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. and Mey. by Anguina amsinckia (Steiner and Scott) are described. A. amsinckia induced blinding by galling the terminal apical meristem of its host. The leaf gall was formed by a ventral curling of the distal edge of the leaf. The absence of a rachis in the ovary of A. amsinckia is noted.

Sarcocystis Of Passerine Birds: Sexual Stages In The Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana), Edith D. Box, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sexual stages of a Sarcocystis of passerine birds were demonstrated by feeding muscle cysts from cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and grackles (Cassidix mexicanus) to opossums (Didelphis virginiana). Opossums were examined at necropsy at 36 h, 13.5 days, and 29.5 days post-inoculation (PI). Large numbers of macro- and microgamonts were present in the small intestine 36 h PI, while only sporocysts and oocysts were present 13 days or more PI. Microgamonts in different stages of development were in the intestinal epithelium above the nucleus and macrogamonts were at the base of the epithelial cells or in …

Ultrastructure Of Sarcocystis Sporocysts From Passerine Birds And Opossums: Comments On Classification Of The Genus Isospora, Edith D. Box, Alan A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski, C. Patrick Davis

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sporocysts were obtained from the feces of opossums (Didelphis virginiana) which had been fed muscles of passerine birds (Molothrus ater and Cassidix mexicanus) infected with Sarcocystis. Sporocysts were examined by phase microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ridges on the surface of the sporocysts outlined four plates. Thin sections of the sporocyst wall showed thickened regions and gaps interpreted as cross sections of the ridges. The sporocyst wall has four major layers with a thick, granular inner layer which resembles the inner layer of sporocysts of related species. Excystation structures are discussed as a …

Parasite Population Regulation: Lethal And Sublethal Effects Of Leptorhynchoides Thecatus (Acanthocephala: Rhadinorhynchidae) On Hyalella Azteca (Amphipoda), Richard L. Uznanski, Brent B. Nickol

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The hypothesis that Leptorhynchoides thecatus populations are regulated by mortality of heavily infected intermediate hosts, Hyalella azteca, was examined experimentally. Mortality related to the infection process could not be demonstrated because no survivorship difference occurred between amphipod groups exposed to L. thecatus and unexposed control groups after 24 hours Likewise, amphipod mortality could not be associated with infection intensity during this period. Amphipod mortality, growth, and infection intensity were monitored for 25 days after a 24-hour exposure period. Cystacanths were infective to fish after 25 days. Survivorship of exposed amphipods was at least as great as that of unexposed …

Isospora Californica (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) In Peromyscus Maniculatus (Cricetidae) From White Sands National Monument, New Mexico, Lillian F. Mayberry, John R. Bristol, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Isospora californica (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) in Peromyscus maniculatus (Cricetidae) from White Sands National Monument, New Mexico

This report constitutes a new geographic record for Isospora californica and adds a micrograph of the coccidium, which the original description did not include. The latter is important because to correctly identify coccidia, a photograph as well as a drawing is at times necessary.

Arapaho Prairie, Arthur County, Nebraska: Approximate Ap Grid For Gis, Kathleen H. Keeler, A. T. Harrison, L. S. Vescio

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Grid map of field sites at Arapaho Prairie in Arthur County, Nebraska. Scale 1 5/16" = 1/4 mile. Shows permanently marked vegetation quadrats, blowouts and ravine washouts, roads, and 100' contour intervals. Part of the map was destroyed by mice. What remains of the map as of 2013 is shown.

Cestodes In Four Species Of Euryhaline Stingrays From Colombia, Daniel R. Brooks, Monte A. Mayers

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Seven species of cestodes are reported from coastal stingrays in the vicinity of Cartagena, Colombia, Acanthobothrium colombianum sp,n. from Aetobatis narinari resembles A . paulum and A. mathiasi but differs by having relatively shorter, more squared proglottids at the end of the strobila, a pre-equatorial genital pore, relatively less elongate ovarian lobes in terminal proglottids, and less prominent apical suckers and pads. Acanthobothrium urotrygoni sp.n. from Urotrygon venezuelae most closely resembles A . olseni in bothridial hook length but differs in cirrus sac size, resembles A. southwelli in cirrus sac size but differs in bothridial hook length, and differs from …

Occurrence Of Quadrigyrus Torquatus Van Cleave, 1920 (Acanthocephala) In North-Central Colombia, South America, Richard L. Buckner, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

During June and July of 1975 and 1976, fish of the Magdalena River basin in Colombia, South America, were examined for acanthocephalans, A total of 16 species of fish were collected from the departments of Caldas and Bolivar. Worms were fixed in AFA and stained in Mayer's carmalum,

Redescription Of Diandrya Composita Darrah, 1930 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) From Nearctic Marmots (Rodentia: Sciuridae) And The Relationships Of The Genus Diandrya Emend., Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

According to the original description of Diandrya composita Darrah, 1930 (the type and only species of the Nearctic genus Diandrya Darrah, 1930) , this cestode would possess a combination of organs, the "interproglottidal glands" and "pedunculated prostate glands," otherwise unknown in any member of the Anoplocephalidae. Neither of these organs is present in D. composita . This species is redescribed and the generic diagnosis is emended accordingly. Diandrya composita has its closest affinities with cestodes of the genus Andrya Railliet, 1893, from which it differs significantly only in reduplication of the reproductive organs.

Cephalic Papillae Of Giant Kidney Nematode Dioctophyma Renale (Goeze, 1782) And Comparison With Eustrongylides Spp., J. R. Lichtenfels, P. A. Madden

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cephalic papillae of third- and fifth-stage Dioctophyma renale and fourth- and fifth-stage Eustrongylides spp. were found to be of three kinds in addition to the amphids. In all the stages of both genera studied, six papillae were in an internal circle, six in an external circle, and eight to 10 in two lateral fields of four or five each between the internal and external circles. Amphids were closely associated with the externolateral papillae. Another porelike papilla was found between the ventroventral papillae in all but fifth-stage D. renale. In third-stage D. renale, lateral rows of somatic papillae were …

Epicharinema Keralense N. Gen, N. Sp., And Comments On Atylenchinae And Ecphyadophorinae (Nemata: Tylenchidae), Dewey J. Raski, Armand R. Maggenti, P. K. Koshy, V. K. Sosamma

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Epicharinema keralense n. gen., n. sp. is described from nematodes collected from soil about the roots of coconut palm in Kerala, India. This genus is related to Ecphyadophora and Ecphyadophoroides but differs from both by virtue of its greater length ; larger stylet, spicules and gubernaculum; and its well-developed metacorpus with a prominent valve. E. keralense n. gen., n. sp. also has an elongate, sinuous cleft connected to the amphid which, with the valve in its metacorpus, indicates these belong to the family Tylenchidae. Relationship with Atylenchus and Eutylenchus is also considered and comments on the subfamilies Atylenchinae and Ecphyadophorinae …

Epicharinema Keralense N. Gen, N. Sp., And Comments On Atylenchinae And Ecphyadophorinae (Nemata : Tylenchidae), Dewey J. Raski, Armand R. Maggenti, Puthenkandathil K. Koshy, Varghese K. Sosamma

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Epicharinema keralense n. gen., n. sp. is described from nematodes collected from soil about the roots of coconut palm in Kerala, India. This genus is related to Ecphyadophora and Ecphyadophoroides but differs from both by virtue of its greater length; larger stylet, spicules and gubernaculum; and its well-developed metacorpus with a prominent valve. E. keralense n. gen., n. sp. also has an elongate, sinuous cleft connected to the amphid which, with the valve in its metacorpus, indicates these belong to the family Tylenchidae. Relationship with Atylenchus and Eutylenchus is also considered and comments on the subfamilies Atylenchinae and Ecphyadophorinae are …

Three Proteocephalid Cestodes From Colombian Siluriform Fishes, Including Nomimoscolex Alovarius Sp.N. (Monticelliidae: Z Ygobothriinae), Daniel R. Brooks, Thomas L. Deardorff

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three species of proteocephalid cestodes were collected from Colombian siluriform fishes. Goezeella siluri Fuhrmann, 1916 is reported from Ageneiosus caucanus for the first time, and Colombia is a new locality. Goezeella siluri has a metascolex, biloculate suckers, and cortical gonads. Proteocephalideans possessing uniloculate suckers and cortical gonads represent two groupings. Those species possessing metascolices represent the genus Spatulifer Woodland, 1934, containing the species surubim, piramutab, piracatinga , rugosa , and rugata. Those lacking metascolices belong in Monticellia LaRue, 1911, comprising coryphicephala, lenha, megacephala, and spinulifera. New combinations include Spatulifer piramutab for Goezeella piramutab, S. piracatinga for Monticellia piracatinga, …

New Host And Locality For Kathlania Leptura (Rudolphi) (Nematoda: Oxyurata: Kathlanidae), Daniel R. Brooks, Jack Frazier

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Marine testudines are known to host two species of kathlanid nematodes, Kathlania leptura (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1918 and Tonaudia tonaudia (Lane, 1914) Travassos, 1918, Each species has been reported infrequently but exhibits a wide geographic distribution. Both K. leptura and T. tonaudia have been reported from Ceylon and from the Mediterranean Sea near Egypt, and K. leptura has been reported also from the coast of Brazil (Skrjabin, Shikhobalova, and Lagodovskaya, 1964, in Skrjabin (ed,) Essentials of Nematodology, vol. 13, part 3, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, English translation, 1976, TT75-50011, U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22151), This …

Taxonomy And Biology Of North American Species Of Goezia (Nematoda: Anisakidae) From Fishes, Including Three New Species, Thomas L. Deardorff, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three new species of Goezia from fishes in North America are described and supplemental data for G. minuta and several unidentified adults and larvae are presented. Males, especially their caudal papillae, are necessary to identify most species. For the new species, G. pelagia sp. n. from Rachycentron canadum and Chaetodipterus faber in the northern Gulf of Mexico possesses 12- 19 preanal, two para-anal, and four postanal pairs of papillae; G. kliksi sp. n. from Pogonias cromis in Lake Borgne, Louisiana, has 10-16 preanal, two para-anal, and five postanal pairs of papillae, and G. sinamora sp. n. from Tilapia aurea, …

Two New Species Of Cestode (Trypanorhyncha, Eutetrarhynchidae) From The Yellow-Spotted Stingray, Urolophus Jamaicensis, Kinga J. Kovacs, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Eutetrarhynchus thalassius sp.n. and Eutetrarhynchus caribbensis sp.n. were collected from the spiral valves of three yellow-spotted stingrays, Urolophus jamaicensis, in Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Both species most closely resemble Eutetrarhynchus geraschmidti Dollfus, 1974. Eutetrarhynchus thalassius differs from E. geraschmidti in the arrangement, sizes, and shapes of tentacular armature, Eutetrarhynchus caribbensis differs from E. geraschmidti and E. thalassius on the basis of metabasal armature. The tentacular armature of E. geraschmidti is redescribed,

Cestode Parasites Of Some Venezuelan Stingrays, Monte A. Mayes, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Forty-seven stingrays representing 8 species collected in Venezuelan coastal waters were examined for cestode parasites. Specimens of 18 tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean, and trypanorhynchan cestode species were collected, 3 described as new. Rhinebothrium margaritense sp. n. from Dasyatis guttata and D. americana most closely resembles R. spinicephalum and R. tetralobatum but differs by having 3-6 rather than only 2 testes per proglottid and a different number of bothridial loculi. Rhodobothrium paucitesticulare sp. n. from Rhinoptera bonasus possesses fewer than half as many testes per proglottid as any other known member of the genus. Dioecotaenia campbelli sp. n. differs from D. cancellata by …

Diatoms In The Gills Of The Commercial White Shrimp, Robin M. Overstreet, Susan Safford

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A white shrimp from Galveston, Texas, is the first reported case of a crustacean internally infected by a diatom. Even though more than one species occurred in debris on and between gill filaments, only individuals of Amphora sp. occurred within gills. To determine if a related diatom would easily reproduce within the shrimp and cause. a host response similar to that observed, we injected cultured specimens of A. coffaeformis into white shrimp. Under the experimental conditions, individuals of that species did not divide, but they elicited an extensive melanistic host-response.

A New And Unusual Eimerian (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) From The Liver Of The Gulf Killifish, Fundulus Grandis, Donald W. Duszynski, Mobashir A. Solangi, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Oocysts and sporocysts of Eimeria funduli sp. n. are described from the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, on the basis of light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and location in the liver of infected hosts. The spherical sporulated oocysts of E. funduli isolated from liver tissue measure 20-31(25) μm across with ovoid sporocysts 9-11 × 5-7 (10 × 6) μm. A micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst residuum are absent, but sporocysts have Stieda and substieda bodies, a few residual granules, and 10-25 (15) unique projecting structures with expanded distal portions that we term “sporopodia.” Sporopodia 1-3 (2) μm high …