Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Histogenesis In The Metacestode Of Echinococcus Vogeli And Mechanism Of Pathogenesis In Polycystic Hydatid Disease, Robert L. Rausch, Antonio D'Alessandro

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Histogenesis of the metacestode of Echinococcus vogeli was traced mainly in rodents inoculated intraperitoneally with finely minced infective vesicles. The fragments aggregated in the peritoneal cavity and coalesced, forming structures (plaques) from which primary vesicles arose. From primordia in their germinal tissue, exogenous vesicles developed, enlarged, and migrated outward to the surface of the laminated membrane, where they remained attached and proliferated. Each unit of vesicles so formed retained discrete identity and, within 6-8 months, acquired an adventitia; thereafter, exogenous multiplication ceased and endogenous proliferation supervened. Large numbers of daughter cysts arose in the germinal tissue lining chambers within the …

Pararhinebothroides Hobergi N. Gen. N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) In Urobatis Tumbesensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) From Coastal Ecuador, David Zamparo, Daniel R. Brooks, Ramiro Barriga

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of tetraphyllidean eucestode inhabiting Urobatis tumbesensis from inshore waters of southeastern Ecuador shares 3 synapomorphies with Rhinebothroides spp.: apical bothridial suckers poorly differentiated from the marginal loculi, internal seminal vesicles, and insertion of the vas deferens dorsally closer to the poral than the aporal end of the cirrus sac. The new species differs from Rhinebothroides spp. by lacking medial bothridial septa and loculi and having symmetrical ovarian arms, and possesses an apparent autapomorphic trait by having the vas deferens tapering to a narrow tube before entering the cirrus sac, extending posteriorly to the posterior end of the …

Macroevolutionary Patterns Of Male Reproductive Investment In A Clade Of Parasitic Hermaphrodites, David Zamparo, Deborah A. Mclennan, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The Eucestoda is particularly relevant for questions concerning reproductive investment in male gametes because no other parasitic group displays such diversity in testis size and number within and among species. This diversity has long been used as a valuable taxonomic character, but few researchers have ever investigated its evolutionary significance. In this paper we investigate the evolution of testis number and size within Rhinebothroides (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda). Our comparative, phylogenetic analysis revealed that overall allocation to male functions, as measured by relative testicular area, does not change within the clade, even though the packaging of that investment in numerous testes is …

Species: Turning A Conundrum Into A Research Program, Daniel R. Brooks, Deborah A. Mclennan, E. C. Bernard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The most appropriate ontological basis for understanding the role of species in evolutionary biology is the Evolutionary Species Concept. The ESC is not an operational concept, but one version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept is. Linking the ontology of species with the epistemological basis of actual biological studies requires that we specify both a discovery mode for identifying collections of organisms that we believe are evolutionary species, and a series of evaluation criteria for assessing those entities we have discovered. Simply naming a collection of specimens, no matter how strong one’s evolutionary beliefs, is not sufficient for declaring that evolutionary …

Recommendations From A Satellite Meeting (International Symposium To Commemorate The 90th Anniversary Of The Discovery Of Chagas Disease, April 11-16 1999, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil), Alejandro O. Luquetti, Aluízio Rosa Prata, Alvaro Moncayo, Alvaro Romanha, Ana Maria Jansen, Bianca Zingales, Carlos Morel, Carlos Ponce, Egler Chiari, Elisa Cupolillo, Elisa Ponce, Felipe Guhl, Hooman Momen, José Rodrigues Coura, Mario Steindel, Michael Miles, Michel Tibayrenc, Octavio Fernandes, Riva Oliveira, Rodrigo Zeledón, Sonia Gumes Andrade, Toby Vincent Barrett, Vanize Macêdo, Zigman Brener

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

During this symposium the standardization of the nomenclature of Trypanosoma cruzi strains was discussed, in a parallel session, with a view to facilitating the use and understanding of a common nomenclature that would serve not only taxonomists but the general community of researchers working with T. cruzi.

The diversity in the behavior and morphology of T. cruzi isolates was soon recognized after the discovery of Chagas disease. Since then a variety of biochemical and molecular techniques have revealed the great genetic diversity present in strains of this parasite. Different investigators have described this diversity by using various …

Margolisianum Bulbosum N. Gen., N. Sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) From The Southern Flounder, Paralichthys Lethostigma (Pisces: Bothidae), In Mississippi Sound, Usa, Reginald B. Blaylock, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new species of a philometrid nematode, Margolisianum bulbosum, is described from the subcutaneous tissue in the mouth (larvigerous females), head (males, ovigerous, and larvigerous females), and eye (preovigerous females) of the southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, from Mississippi Sound. It is placed in a new genus diagnosed by the combination of 8 large, paired but separate cephalic papillae; no inner cephalic papillae; an esophagus with a separate, muscular anterior bulb; a prominent mononuclear esophageal gland; and variable, irregularly distributed cuticular bosses in the females, as well as a vestigial rectum, particularly in larvigerous females. Some female specimens exhibit …

Nucleotide Sequences For Detection Of Serpulina Hyodysenteriae, Gerald E. Duhamel, Robert Elder

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The invention provides a method for detecting the presence of Serpulina hyodysenteriae in a biological Sample, an oligonucleotide primer and an S. hyodysenteriae-specific oligonucleotide probe useful in that method, and an article of manufacture that contains the primers and/or probe. Also provided are an about 2.3-kb DNA fragment derived from genomic DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and encoding for an about 56 kDa polypeptide, a recombinant expression vector containing the DNA fragment, the 56 kDa polypeptide and a monoclonal antibody reactive with the peptide, and a method of assaying for antibodies reactive with the 56 kDa peptide.

The Life Cycle Of A Horsehair Worm, Gordius Robustus (Nematomorpha: Gordioidea), Ben Hanelt, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Aspects of the life cycle of the nematomorph Gordius robustus were investigated. Gordius robustus larvae fed to Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) readily penetrated and subsequently encysted in the posterior portion of the midgut wall. Parasite development was then arrested in each infected beetle. Upon feeding these cysts to laboratory-reared Gryllus firmus. worm larvae developed to adults in the cricket hemocoel. In an additional experiment, G. robustus larvae fed to G. firmus did not develop to adults. These findings are in contrast to other studies that found direct infection to be an alternative mode of infection. This experiment is the …

Flea News 57 (January 1999), Robert E. Lewis

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Miscellanea: The following article concerning plague in prairie dogs in Texas is taken from the July-August issue of the Technical Information Bulletin of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board.

Siphonaptera literature

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 21, No. 4, December 31, 1999, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Carmoviruses (Tombusviridae), Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Carmovirus is one of two officially recognized genera of Tombusviridae. Members of Tombusviridae all have icosahedral virions of about 30 nm in diameter with T = 3 symmetry that consists of 180 coat protein (CP) subunits of about 38- 43 kDa and a single-stranded (ss) RNA genome ranging in size from 4.0 to 4.7 kb. Carmoviruses share recognizable sequence similarity in both the polymerase and structural genes with members of the other genus, Tombusvirus. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of these genes support the view that the genera are distinct but closely related. In addition, the genome organization of the …

Evolutionary Relationships Among The Protostrongylidae (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) As Inferred From Morphological Characters, With Consideration Of Parasite-Host Coevolution, Ramon A. Carreno, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The phylogeny of nematodes in the family Protostrongylidae (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) was reconstructed by cladistic analysis of 28 binary and multistate characters derived from comparative morphology. Analyses were hierarchical, and examined (1) relationships among genera, including 13 ingroup taxa and Metastrongylidae as an outgroup (single tree, 78 steps, consistency index [CI]=0.705); and (2) relationships among genera and species groups including 21 ingroup taxa and Metastrongylus apri as an outgroup (single tree, 76 steps, CI=0.582). In the species-level tree, Protostrongylidae was divided into 2 major clades, one containing the subfamilies Muelleriinae (including the recently described Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis) Elaphostrongylinae, and the Varestrongylinae …

Experimental Infections Of Muskoxen (Ovibos Moschatus) And Domestic Sheep With Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): Parasite Development, Population Structure, And Pathology, Susan J. Kutz, Eric P. Hoberg, Lydden Polley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three captive muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) were successfully infected with third-stage larvae of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis digested or emerged from the slugs Deroceras reticulatum and D. laeve, for the first time completing the life cycle of this parasite under experimental conditions. The course of parasite development and patency was followed for 26 months post infection (p.i.) using fecal examinations and radiography. The prepatent periods in two of the muskoxen were 91 and 95 days and the patent period in one extended for 23 months. Larval production peaked 13–14 months p.i. On postmortem of two of the muskoxen at months …

Eimeria From Bats Of Bolivia: Two New Species From Vespertilionid Bats, Donald W. Duszynski, Damien T. Scott, Xiaomin Zhao

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Between 1985 and 1987, fecal samples were collected from 71 bats representing 14 species (Desmodontidae, Molossidae, Noctilionidae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae) from 8 localities in 3 states (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz) in Bolivia, South America. Of these, 2 black myotid bats (Vespertilionidae), Myotis nigricans, and 1 tent-making bat (Phyllostomidae), Uroderma magnirostrum, had oocysts in their feces that represent undescribed species of Eimeria. The new species from M. nigricans (2/4, 50%) has sporulated oocysts that are subspheroidal, 18.9 × 16.9 (17-23 × 14-20) μm, without a micropyle; oocyst residuum of 6-8 spheroidal globules and 1 highly refractile polar granule are …

Plasmd Bearing A Cdna Copy Of The Genome Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Chimeric Derivatives Thereof, And Method Of Producing An Infectious Bovine Wral Darrheavirus Using Sad Plasmid, Ruben O. Donis, Ventzislav B. Vassilev

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A plasmid bearing a cDNA copy of the genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), chimeric derivatives of the plasmid and a method of producing an infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus using the plasmid are disclosed. The invention relates to a plasmid DNA molecule that replicates easily in E. coli and contains a sufficient portion of the genome of BVDV, cloned as cDNA, to be a suitable template to produce RNA in vitro which, upon transfection into bovine cells, gives rise to infectious BVDV. The BVDV created by the process of the invention can be engineered for use as a …

In Situ Hybridization For The Detection And Localization Of Swine Chlamydia Trachomatis, C. Chae, D.-S. Cheon, D. Kwon, O. Kim, B. Kim, J. Suh, D. G. Rogers, K. D. E. Everett, A. A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intralaryngeally with swine Chlamydia trachomatis strain R33 or orally with swine C. trachmatis strain R27. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from piglets euthanatized 4–7 days postinoculation were examined by in situ hybridization for C. trachomatis nucleic acid using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes that targeted specific ribosomal RNA or omp1 mRNA molecules of the swine C. trachomatis strains. Positive hybridization signals were detected in bronchial epithelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages, and jejunal and ileal enterocytes. Chlamydia-infected cells had a strong signal that was confined to the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive hybridization signals were …

Structure, Biodiversity, And Historical Biogeography Of Nematode Faunas In Holarctic Ruminants: Morphological And Molecular Diagnoses For Teladorsagia Boreoarticus N. Sp. (Nemadota: Ostertagiinae), Dimorphic Cryptic Species In Muskoxen (Ovibos Moschatus), Eric P. Hoberg, Kirsten J. Monsen, Susan Kutz, Michael S. Blouin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Discovery of the ostertagiine nematode Teladorsagia boreoarcticus n. sp. in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, from the central Canadian Arctic highlights the paucity of knowledge about the genealogical and numerical diversity of nematode faunas characteristic of artiodactyls at high latitudes across the Holarctic. Teladorsagia boreoarcticus is a dimorphic cryptic species distinguished from Teladorsagia circumcincta/Teladorsagia trifurcata in domestic sheep by a 13% divergence in the ND4 region of mitochondrial DNA, constant differences in the synlophe, and significantly longer esophageal valve, spicules, gubernaculum, and bursa. Teladorsagia boreoarcticus represents an archaic component of the North American fauna and may have a Holarctic …

Absence Of Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging Deer In Nebraska, David J. Steffen, David W. Oates, Mauritz C. Sterner, Vickie L. Cooper

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Lymph nodes from 271 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Nebraska (USA) were examined microscopically for tuberculoid lesions. Lymph nodes lesions in at least one node were found in 12 deer. Lesions were examined with Zeihl-Neelson acid fast stains and by polymerase chain reactions using M. bovis specific probes. No evidence of tuberculosis was found. The small granulomatous lesions were likely caused by other bacteria.

Meningeal Worm In Free-Ranging Deer In Nebraska, David W, Oates, Mauritz C. Sterner, David J. Steffen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) was found in 22 (7%) of 300 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (257 adults, 43 fawns) examined from Nebraska (USA) during November 1996. None of 53 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) (47 adults and 6 fawns) examined were infected. Twenty-two white-tailed deer from 18 counties in eastern Nebraska were infected with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. This is the first record of P. tenuis in white-tailed deer from this state.

Six New Eimeria Species From Vespertilionid Bats From North America, Donald W. Duszynski, Damien T. Scott, Jacqee Aragon, Ashley Leach, Travis Perry

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty species of bats (Molossidae, Vespertilionidae) were collected from California, New Mexico, Oregon, South Carolina, Utah, and Baja California Norte (Mexico), and 29 of 404 (7%) animals, including Antrozous pallidus, Eptesicusfuscus, Myotis auriculus, Myotis californicus, Myotis ciliolabrum, Myotis evotis, Myotis lucifugus, Myotis thysanodes, Myotis vivesi, Myotis volans, Myotis yumanensis, and Nycticeius humeralis were infected with Eimeria spp., which represent 6 new species. Sporulated oocysts of a new species from A. pallidus are subspheroidal, 24.8 × 21.6 (22-27 × 19-24) μm with a polar granule and a large globular residuum. …

Revisiting The Code: Clarifying Name-Bearing Types For Photomicrographs Of Protozoa, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In 1988, Bandoni and Duszynski argued that individuals involved in the taxonomy and systematics of the coccidia should become familiar with the 3rd edition of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Ride et aI., 1985) and tried to reiterate the importance and utility of designating some form of type specimens and archiving them in appropriate museums. Their intent was to create an awareness among biologists working with coccidia (or other protists) of the value of designating type specimens. In the decade since their admonition, bench scholars working with coccidia, and journal editors to whom they submit their work, have begun …

Three New Species Of Nothacrobeles (Nemata: Cephalobidae) From The Mojave Desert, California, I. T. De Ley, P. De Ley, J. G. Baldwin, M. Mundo-Ocampo, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three new species of Nothacrobeles are described from localities in the Mojave Desert, southern California. Nothacrobeles triniglarus n. sp. is characterized by the presence of a long post-vulval sac and three tubular adoral projections. Both N. spatulatus n. sp. and N. nanocorpus n. sp. are smaller than any other known species within the genus. Nothacrobeles spatulatus n. sp. has labial probolae that are short and spatulate without a basal ridge, whereas those of N. nanocorpus n. sp. are flattened and plate-like. Furthermore, N. nanocorpus n. sp. is unique by its extremely short esophageal corpus (less than 25 μm long in …

Acanthocephala Of Cichlids (Pisces) In Lake Malawi, Africa, With A Description Of Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis} Malawiensis Sp. N. (Quadrigyridae) From Labeo Cylindricus Peters, 1852 (Cyprinidae), Omar M. Amin, Sherman S. Hendrix

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two species of acanthocephalans are reported from fishes collected during the summer of 1996 in the southeast arm of Lake Malawi (Lake Nyasa), East Africa. The common Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) tilapiae (Baylis, 1948) had infected 18 cichlid and 1 bagrid host species (all new host records) netted by divers wearing scuba gear around Harbor Island or caught by hook and line in deep water. The specimens of this parasite were some of the smallest ever reported for that species. Two males of a new species, Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) malawiensis, are described from 2 male Labeo cylindricus (Cyprinidae). This is the fifth …

Three New Species Of Eimeria From Bolivian Marsupials, S. Kimberly Heckscher, Brian A. Wickesberg, Donald Duszynski, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Faecal samples collected from 300 Bolivian marsupials (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) between 1984 and 1993 were examined for coccidian parasites. Sporulated oocysts were present in the faeces of 50 (17%) marsupials representing 11 genera and 22 species. Three new species of Eimeria are described and named from six host species. One species occurred in Marmosops dorothea, Monodelphis domestica and Thylamys venustus, another in Micoureus constantiae constantiae and Micoureus constantiae budini and a third in Marmosops dorothea. A discriminant analysis performed on five quantitative oocyst measurements revealed similarities between the first and third Eimeria species because of similar sizes and …

Calicotyle Californiensis N. Sp. And Calicotyle Urobati N. Sp. (Monogenea: Calicotylinae) From Elasmobranchs In The Gulf Of California, Stephen A. Bullard, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two new species of Calicotyle (Monocotylidae: Calicotylinae) are described from elasmobranchs in the western Gulf of California. Calicotyle californiensis n. sp. is described from a single specimen collected from a gray smoothhound shark (Mustelus californicus, Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae). It is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of having vaginal pores opening within the intercecal space, distal regions of the vaginae twisting, proximal regions of the vaginae fusing medially to form a kidney bean-shaped structure, and a relatively long male copulatory organ recurving three times and passing between the distal penis bulb and the seminal vesicle. Calicotyle urobati n. …

A New Eimeria Species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infecting Onychomys Species (Rodentia: Muridae) In New Mexico And Arizona, John A. Hnida, Wade D. Wilson, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fecal samples from 3 species of Onychomys (Rodentia: Muridae) captured in New Mexico and Arizona were examined for coccidia. Six of the 59 (10%) were infected with a new species of Eimeria. Sporulated oocysts (n = 105) of this new species are subspheroidal, 17.4 × 16.1 (14-21 × 13-19) μm, with ellipsoidal sporocysts 10.4 × 5.7 (9-12 × 5-8) μm. This species occurred in 3 of 24 (13%) Onychomys arenicola, 2 of 31 (6%) Onychomys leucogaster from New Mexico, and 1 of 4 (25%) Onychomys torridus from Arizona. Isolates recovered from O. leucogaster and O. torridus were …

Review Of Catálogo De La Coleccíon Nacional De Helmintos By Rafael Lamothe-Argumedo, Luis Garcia-Prieto, David Osorio-Sarabia, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León (Unam, 1996), Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Catálogo de la Coleccíon Nacional de Helmintos by Rafael Lamothe-Argumedo, Luis Garcia-Prieto, David Osorio-Sarabia and Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León (UNAM, 1996).

Flea News 56 (July 1998), Robert E. Lewis

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Infectivity And Pathogenicity Of Baculovirus Penaei (Bp) In Cultured Larval And Postlarval Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus Vannamei, Related To The Stage Of Viral Development, Hugh S. Hammer, Kenneth C. Stuck, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The infectivity and pathogenicity of the penaeid shrimp virus, Baculovirus penaei (BP), is influenced by the stage of viral development. This study consisted of a preliminary experiment which showed that nonoccluded virus administered per os is infective, followed by two infectivity experiments. In the first phase of each infectivity experiment, mysis stage larvae of Penaeus vannamei were inoculated with BP and samples of infected tissue were collected at various times postinoculation (p.i.). These samples were then used to inoculate either mysis or postlarval stage P. vannamei in the second phase of each experiment. Viral inocula prepared from patently infected tissues …

Review Of Meyer, Olsen And Schmidt's Essentials Of Parasitology, 6th Ed., By Murray D. Dailey; Brown, 1996, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Meyer, Olsen and Schmidt's Essentials of Parasitology, 6th ed., by Murray D. Dailey; Brown, 1996. 289 p., ill., index. ISBN: 0-697-15983-3.