Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Insectivores. Viii. Four New Species From The Star-Nosed Mole, Condylura Cristata, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Twenty-four star-nosed moles, Condylura cristata, collected from the northeastern United States (Maine, Massachusetts, Ohio, Vermont) were examined for coccidian oocysts. All of the moles were infected with from 1 to 4 species of coccidia representing 2 eimerian and 3 isosporan spp., but oocysts of only 4 of these species were present in sufficient numbers for detailed study; these are described as new. Sporulated oocysts of ,i>Eimeria condylurae n. sp. were subspheroid, 17.7 x 15.7 (17-23 x 14-21) μm, with sporocysts ellipsoid, 11.7 x 5.6 (11-14 x 5-6) μm; E. condylurae was found in 3 of 24 (12.5%) moles. …

Tribune: Genus And Family: Concepts And Natural Groupings, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A little over two hundred and fifty years ago Linnaeus (= Linne) began to maneuver his concepts of animal arrangement into Aristotle’s logic of classes. Twenty-three years elapsed between the publication of his first and tenth editions of Systema naturae. The tenth edition (1758) is the acknowledged starting point of zoological nomenclature. Often forgotten but highly significant is the fact that he spent those intervening twenty years orchestrating the then known animals into the world of philosophy.

The Phylogenetic Status Of The Ancryocephalidae Bychowsky, 1937 (Monogenea: Dactylogyroidea), Delane C. Kitsky, Walter A. Boeger

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Phylogenetic analysis of selected subfamily and family taxa within the Dactylogyroidea indicates that the Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky, 1937, is unnatural. The family contains both poly- and paraphyletic features. The analysis supports the previous elevation of the Pseudomurraytrematinae to family status and suggests that revision of the Ancyrocephalidae is necessary. Two options for revision are provided; that of returning the taxon to subfamily status within the Dactylogyridae is preferred, requiring a change in status of the Heterotesiidae to a subfamily within the Dactylogyridae.

Loss Of Biological Diversity: A Global Crisis Requiring International Solutions: A Report To The National Science Board, Craig Call Black, Perry L. Adkisson, Gardner Mallard Brown, Rita Rossi Colwell, Charles E. Hess, James B. Holderman, K. June Lindstedt-Siva, William A. Nierenberg, Peter Hamilton Raven, Theodore M. Smith, Edward O. Wilson, W. Franklin Harris

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Executive Summary

Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are organized at many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemical structures that are the molecular basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relative abundance (OTA, 1987).

There is an ongoing, unprecedented loss of the variety as well as absolute numbers of organisms-from the smallest microorganism to the largest and most spectacular of …

Case Report Of Human Infection With Capillaria Philippinensis, Ching-Yu Chen, Wei-Chuan Hsieh, Tsang-Lie Chen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

In July 1988, a case of human infection with Capillaria philippinensis, so-called the intestinal capillariasis, was discovered at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). This is the first case reported in Taiwan.

Capillaria philippinesis is a parasite of fish-eating birds In nature it has a fish-bird life cycle. When human populations disrupt the natural cycle by eating raw fish infected with the larvae of C. philippinensis, they may acquire the disease.

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From The Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys Opimus Wagner (Ctenomyidae) From Bolivia, South America, Christine R. Lambert, Scott Lyell Gardner, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Of 35 tuco-tucos (Ctenomys opimus) collected in Bolivia, South America, 31 (88%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces at the time they were examined. Eighteen (58%) of the 31 infected animals were concurrently infected with 2 or 3 eimerian species. Four species of Eimeria were recovered and are described as new species based on the characteristics of sporulated oocysts. Oocysts of E. granifera n. sp. were ellipsoidal, 21.1 x 17.2 (15-26 x 11-20), μm with sporocysts ovoidal, 11.3 x 7.1 (8-14 x 5-9), μm. Oocysts of Eimeria montuosi n. sp. were spheroidal, 24.2 x 22.0 (21-28 x …

Cestodes Of The Genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 Sensu Stricto From Pocket Gophers Geomys And Thomomys Spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) In Colorado And Oregon, With A Discriminant Analysis Of Four Species Of Hymenolepis, Scott Lyell Gardner, Gerald D. Schmidt

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestodes found to represent previously undescribed members of the genus Hymenolepis s. str. (Yamaguti, 1959) were recovered from pocket gophers, Geomys bursarius (Shaw), in northeastern Colorado. Hymenolepis weldensis n. sp. and H. geomydis n. sp., not occurring together in any individual host, were found in 3 and 8%, respectively, of pocket gophers examined for helminths. The life cycle of H. weldensis was completed in the laboratory using beetles, Tenebrio molitor (L.), as intermediate hosts, and pocket gophers of three genera (Geomys, Thomomys, and Pappogeomys) as definitive hosts. Development of H. weldensis did not …

Some Parasitic Helminths From The American Oystercatcher, Haematopus Palliatus Temminck, From The Texas Gulf Coast And The Common Pied Oystercatcher, H. Ostralegus Linnaeus, From New Zealand, Including Dildotaenia Latovarium N. Gen. And N. Sp. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), Norman O. Dronen, Gerald D. Schmidt, Bertha R. Allison, John W. Mellen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Acanthoparyphium spinulosum (Digenea) and Dildotaenia latovarium n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda) were recovered from an American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus, Galveston, Texas. This is the first report of A. spinulosum from the American oystercatcher. Dildotaenia latovarium was also recovered from common pied oystercatcher, H. ostralegus, from New Zealand. The new genus can be distinguished from all other hymenolepid genera that have a copulatory stylet in lacking a cirrus. The type species is characterized by the exaggerated width of its ovary. Of the other species of hymenolepids with 8 rostellar hooks from birds, Dildotaenia latovarium most closely resembles Retinometra …

Parasitangrepp I Ögon Hos Fisk, Som Lever I Kylvatten Från Kärnkraftsreaktorer, Johan Höglund, Jan Thulin

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Sammanfattning

Under åren 1983 t.o.m. 1987 undersöktes förekomst, intensitet och skadeverkan av ögonsugmaskar hos fisk, som påverkats av en förhöjd vattentemperatur. Undersökningarna utfördes huvudsakligen i Biotestsjön, som är ett 1 km² stort invallat havsområde (S ^o/_oo salthalt), som mottager uppvärmt (ca. 8 °C) kylvatten (ca. 90 m³ / s) från Forsmarks kärnkraftverk. Både de morfologiska och experimentella undersökningarna med metacerkarier tyder på att det förekommer fyra olika arter av släktet Diplostomum i Biotestsjön, två i abborre och två i mört. Då taxonomiska revisioner pågår utomlands föredrogs att kalla dessa arter Diplostomum sp1-4. Metacerkarier av D. …

On The Status Of Eimeria Nieschulzi Oocysts Embedded In Resin Eleven Years Ago: A Permanent Method For Preserving Coccidian Oocysts, Alan A. Marchiondo, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi that were fixed and mounted on glass slides in polymerized resin in 1976 are examined. Size, shape, and integrity of oocysts and sporocysts are compared to similar observations we made in 1977 and reported in 1978 (Journal of Parasitology 64: 163-164). Our conclusion is that the methods we reported on in 1978 provide one opportunity to produce permanent specimens of sporulated oocysts that could be made available for deposit in nationally accredited museums.

A Plea For Improved Presentation Of Type Material For Coccidia, Susan M. Bandioni, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The "true" coccidia (phylum Apicomplexa, suborder Eimeriina) constitute a large and heterogeneous group of parasitic protozoa. Despite the large number of described species (ca. 1,650) and the medical and veterinary importance of some (e.g., Toxoplasma), 2 facts are clear: (1) the majority of coccidia species are probably yet undescribed, and (2) the phylogenetic relationships of those described species are poorly known. Contributing to the latter dilemma is the lack of a tradition to provide type specimens by those who describe new species, even though the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature specifically recommends the designation of a type …

Quarantine Disinfestation A Bibliography With Relevance To Ornamental Plant Material, Kevin Seaton, Daryl Joyce

Biosecurity published reports

This bibliography has been compiled as part of a programme to develop new and improved techniques for the insect disinfestation of export cut-flowers and cut-foliage. The objective of the programme is to identify the most effective disinfestation treatments. Suitable treatments should kill insects in the flowers without directly injuring the flowers or reducing their postharvest life.

The bibliography presents references relating to the disinfestation of ornamental material (i.e. cut-flowers, cut-foliage, and potted plants). However, it also includes references on disinfestation of fruit, vegetables, and stored grain where this information has some relevance to the disinfestation of ornamental materials. The bibliography …

Effects Of Corticosteroids And Of Cyclosporin A On Trypanosoma Musculi In Mice And In Culture, Philip Stephen Schuyler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The in vivo and in vitro effects of cyclosporin A and corticosteroids on Trypanosoma musculi were examined. Mice that received continuous administration of 6 mg/liter/day of dexamethasone in drinking water and 200 mg/kg hydrocortisone acetate as a single dose 24 hrs prior to injection with T. musculi had significantly higher and longer parasitemias, than controls. Body and spleen weights and B cell responsiveness were lower in test animals and there were some deaths. Mice injected with T. musculi that received 100 mg/kg/day cyclosporin A had longer, but not higher, parasitemias than controls. Corticosteroids appear to partially inactive antibody production (i.e. …

Rhinebothrium Devaneyi N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) And Echinocephalus Overstreeti Deardorff And Ko, 1983 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) In A Thorny Back Ray, Urogymnus Asperrimus, From Enewetak Atoll, With Phylogenetic Analysis Of Both Species Groups, Daniel R. Brooks, Thomas L. Deardorff

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The new species is a member of an apparently monophyletic group within the genus that includes R. flexile, R. walga, R. himanturi, R. burgeri, R. euzeti, R. hawaiiensis, R. urobatidium, R. paratrygoni, R. ditesticulum, R. tetralobatum, R. margaritense, R. biorchidum, and R. spinicephalum. All of these species have bothridia with medial longitudinal septa, a constriction at mid-bothridium, and, primitively, at least 42 loculi per bothridium and 17-22 testes per proglottid. Of the above, the new species is apparently most closely related to R. burgeri, with which …

Echinococcus Vogeli Rausch And Bernstein, 1972, From The Paca, Cuniculus Paca L. (Rodentia: Dayproctidae), In The Departamento De Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Robert L. Rausch, Otto Carlos Jordan Camacho

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among approximately 2,000 mammals examined for helminths in various regions of Bolivia during 1983-1987, cysts of Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972, were found in a single paca, Cuniculus paca L., collected at La Laguna, Departamento de Santa Cruz (lat. 16° 36' W; long. 62° 42' S). This record, the first from Bolivia, represents a considerable extension of the known geographic range of this species in South America. Upon analysis of the morphologic characteristics of the protoscoleces derived from the cysts, the sizes of rostellar hooks from the material from the paca were found to be well within the ranges …

Population Dynamics Of Distoichometra Bufonis (Cestoda: Nematotaeniidae) In Bufo Woodhousii, John J. Janovy Jr., Eugene Lee Hardin

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Prevalence, density, and variance/mean (= variance/density) ratios are reported for the cestode Distoichometra bufonis in 28 samples of the amphibian host, Bufo woodhousii, taken over a 3-yr period at two study sites on the South Platte River in Keith County, Nebraska, U.S.A. In addition, changes in host demography resulting from entry of newly metamorphosed toads into the terrestrial population are given. Prevalence and density (average number of worms per host, infected + noninfected) did not vary significantly either within or between sites and years unless newly metamorphosed toads were included in the analysis. Prevalence ranged from 70 to 100%, …

Eimeria From Bats Of The World. Ii. A New Species In Tadarida Femorosacca From Sonora, Mexico, Donald W. Duszynski, David W. Reduker, Brent B. Parker

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Between 1979 and 1980, 104 bats representing 13 species in 4 families were collected in California and New Mexico, U.S.A., and Baja California and Sonora, Mexico, and were examined for coccidia; only 3 (3%) had oocysts in their feces. Bats examined and their infection rates were: Molossidae: 0 of 12 Tadarida brasiliensis, 1 of 18 (6%) T. femorosacca; Natalidae: 0 of 1 Natalus stramineus; Phyllostomatidae: 0 of 1 Choeronycteris mexicana, 0 of 2 Leptonycteris sanborni, 0 of 1 Macrotus californicus; Vespertilionidae: 0 of 9 Antrozous pallidus, 0 of 28 Eptesicusfuscus, 0 of …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Bunocotylinae Dollfus, 1950 (Digenea: Hemiuridae), Virginia León-Règagnon, Gerardo Pérez Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The phylogenetic analysis of the 16 recognized genera in the Bunocotylinae, based upon 30 morphological transformation series, produced two most parsimonious trees, each with a consistency index of 0.62. The monophyly of the group is supported by 6 synapomorphies. Ahemiurus, Aphanuroides, Aphanurus, Myosaccium, and Indoderogenes separate independently in the basal part of the tree. Saturnius and Bunocotyle separate next, forming a clade. Machidatrema, Duosphincter, Theletrum, and Monolecithotrema separate independently; and in the most derived part of the tree Opisthadena + Neopisthadena + Mitrostoma, Genolinea, and Neotheletrum grouped together form a clade. …

Letter To The Editors: Critical Comments On A Recent Letter To The Editors Regarding The Use Of Frozen Carcasses In Parasite Surveys, Danny B. Pence, John M. Aho, Albert O. Bush, Albert G. Canaris, Joseph A. Conti, William R. Davidson, Terry A. Dick, Gerald W. Esch, Timothy Goater, Wynn Fitzpatrick, Donald J. Forrester, John C. Holmes, William M. Samuel, John M. Kinsella, Janice Moore, Robert L. Rausch, William Threlfall, Terry A. Wheeler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Critical comments on a letter to the editors of the Journal of Parasitology regarding the use of frozen carcasses in parasite surveys.

Taxonomy, Systematics, And Ecology Of Helminth Parasites Of The Ringed Seal, Phoca Hispida Schreber, In Alaskan Waters, Ann Marie Adams

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The genus Orthosplaochnus Odhner, 1905 (Trematoda: Campulidae) was revised, with eight species recognized. Odhneriella Skriabin, 1915 was placed in synonymy with Orthosplanchnus, and Hadwenius was shown to be valid. Orthosplanchnus rossicus (Skriabin, 1915) (syn. Odhneriella rossica) was redescribed.

Inconsistencies in the diagnosis of the Anophryocephalus Baylis, 1922 (Cestoda: Tetrabothriidae) were discussed, along with the basis for generis revision. The taxonomic histories of certain genera of nematodes (e.g., Contracaecum Railliet and Henry, 1912; Dipetalonema Diesing; 1861; and Pseudoterranova Mosgovoi, 1950) were given to explain their present status.

The helminth-fauna of the ringed seal in the North Pacific was compared …

Description Of Gracilacus Harnicaudata Sp. N. (Nemata : Criconematidae) With Biological And Histopathological Observations, Ignacio Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obese criconematid females and larvae forming colonies were detected under the root cortex attached to the vascular cylinder of redwood roots, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. These specimens have been determined to represent a new species of Criconematidae, Grmilacus lzanzicaudata sp. n. Mature females are obese at midbody but posteriorly the body is constricted and hooked shaped with a rounded tail terminus. Annuli are conspicuous only anteriorly and posteriorly. The cephalic region has four submedian lobes and a circular oral disc. The vulval-lips protrude and the lateral field is marked with four lines. Eggs are partially embedded in a mucoid-like …

Key To Acanthocephala Reported In Waterfowl, Malcolm Edwin Mcdonald,

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This is the third part of a continuing series on helminths reported in waterfowl (McDonald 1974, 1981). Coots and moorhens (in Family Rallidae, Order Gruiformes) are included with the Anatidae of Anseriformes. The goal of these studies is complete coverage of waterfowl helminths of the world, although the original incentive-inadequate knowledge of the parasites of North American waterfowl- is less true now. World coverage is desirable because the world distribution of the family, tribes, and even many species of waterfowl often results in world distribution of parasites. The format of this key follows that of the others in the series: …

Genetic Differentiation And Biochemical Polymorphism Among Trichomonads, Steven A. Nadler, B. M. Honigberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Isoenzyme electrophoresis was used to study levels of genetic differentiation among strains and clones of Trichomonasg allinae, Trichomonasv aginalis, Tritrichomonafso etus, Tetratrichomonags allinarum, and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Strain variation was found within T. gallinae, T. vaginalis, and T. foetus, however, levels of enzyme polymorphism were greater in T. gallinae than in T. vaginalis or T. foetus. Isoenzyme genotypes were not a stable property of T. gallinae clones cultivated in vitro. Retrospective studies of T. gallinae SG and JB6 clones revealed that mutation occurred during in vitro cultivation. Heterozygotes of hexokinase- 1 and phosphoglucomutase displayed 2 …

Synlophe Of Nematodirus Neotoma (Trichostrongyloidea), Eric P. Hoberg, Lora G. Rickard, Gary L. Zimmerman

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The synlophe of Nematodirus neotoma from Neotoma spp. is characterized. The cervical synlophe is composed of 30-32 and 36-42 ridges in males and females, respectively. Of these, 14 and 20-22 ridges are continuous in the cervical zone and extend to the base of the cephalic expansion. Six pairs of lateral ridges are discontinuous but extend greater than one-third the length of the cervical region. In both males and females, the number of ridges increases posteriad, terminating near the bursa in the male, and extending the entire length of the body in the female. The synonymy of N. neotoma and N. …

Population Dynamics Of The Parasites In Fundulus Zebrinus In The Platte River Of Nebraska, John J. Janovy Jr., Eugene Lee Hardin

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The population dynamics of 7 parasite species or ecotypes were studied in the plains killifish, Fundulus zebrinus, at a single collection site in the South Platte River of Nebraska, U.S.A., for 5 yr. Parasites were: Myxosoma funduli (gill), Trichodina sp. (gill), Gyrodactylus bulbacanthus (gill), Urocleidus fundulus (gill), Gyrodactylus stableri (body surface), and Neascus sp. (= Posthodiplostomum; eyes and body cavity). Parasite densities, prevalences, and variance/mean ratios are reported for 22 samples, totaling 447 fish, over the summer months. Positive correlations were obtained between density and both standardized prevalence and log-transformed variance. Urocleidus fundulus populations were relatively stable with …

Coccidian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From Insectivores. Iii. Seven New Species In Shrews (Soricidae: Soricinae) From Canada, Japan, And The United States, Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Since May 1979, 458 shrews (Blarina sp. and Sorex spp.) representing 20 species collected in Canada, Japan, and the United States were examined for coccidia; 110 (24%) had oocysts in their feces, including 8 of 21 (38%) B. brevicauda from Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Vermont; 2 of 7 (29%) S. caecutiens from Hokkaido and Honshu; 14 of 63 (22%) S. cinereus from Colorado, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Manitoba, and Ontario; 3 of 7 (43%) S. fontinalis from Pennsylvania; 11 of 16 (69%) S. fumeus from Massachusetts, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Ontario; 1 of 4 (25%) S. haydeni from Minnesota; …

Corrigendum: Revision Of The Name Eimeria Palustris Hertel And Duszynski, 1987, From Shrews (Sorex Spp.), Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

In the paper on shrew coccidians that appeared in the February 1987 issue of the Journal (Hertel and Duszynski, 1987, Journal of Parasitology 73: 172-183) we named one of our new species Eimeria palustris. Dr. N. D. Levine (University of Illinois) kindly informed us that the name E. palustris is preoccupied by an eimerian described from the rice rat, Oryzomys >palustris (Barnard, Ernst, and Stevens, 1971 , Journal of Parasitology 57: 1,293-1,296). We would like to rename the form we saw Eimeria longirostris for the specific name of the host in which the species was most prevalent.

Potato Cyst Nematode, J M. Stanton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

For many years, Australia has been the only large land mass in the world in which potato cyst nematode has not been found. However, in 1986, potato cyst nematode was found on four properties at Munster 10km south of Perth, Western Australia.

Potato cyst nematode is a minute worm like organism which attacks the roots of several plant species including potatos, causing very high yield losses. It is a very serious pest of potatoes throughout the world and strict quarantine controls are enforced in countries and potato-growing areas froo of nematode.

Meloidogyne Californiensis N. Sp. (Nemata: Meloidogyninae), Parasitic On Bulrush, Scirpus Robustus Pursh, Fawzia Abdel-Rahman, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Meloidogyne californiensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from bulrush Scirpus robustus in California. LM and SEM studies revealed that this species differs from other known species in the genus Meloidogyne especially by the prominent posterior cuticular protuberances in the female, the distinct shape of the perineal pattern which is marked by one prominent stria in the perineum, indistinct lateral lines, many broken discontinuous striae on both sides of the arch, and the excretory pore being located posterior to stylet base. Second-stage juveniles 448-628 μm long, stylet length 11-13 μm, styler delicate, with small knobs sloping posteriorly, cephalic region with …

A Reappraisal Of Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. The Family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926), Renaud Fortuner, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The family Anguinidae is redefined. The families and subfamilies Nothotylenchidae/nae, Sychnotylenchidae/inae, Halenchidae/inae, Pseudhalenchinae, Ditylenchidae/nae, Cynipanguininae, Neoditylenchinae, Nothanguininae and Thadinae are rejected. The genera Anguina, Halenchus, Ditylenchus, Pseudhalenchus, Sychnotylenchus, Thada, Subanguina, Cynipanguina, and Pterotylenchus are recognized as valid in Anguinidae. Chitinotylenchus is a genus inquirendum or incertae sedis in Anguinidae. The following new synonyms are proposed: Nothotylenchus, Boleodoroides and Orrina synonyms of Ditylenchus; Nothanguina synonym of Anguina; Afrina and Mesoanguina synonyms of Subanguina; and Neoditylenchus synonym of Sychnotylenchus. Hypotheses on the evolution within Anguinidae are presented. A tabular key is includetod help identify the valid genera. …