Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

A Rapid Concentration And Identification Technique For Human Malaria Infections Using A Mouse Model, Donald D. Barton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Red blood cells infected with malaria parasites experience a change in density making them lighter (less dense). This paper reports a new, rapid diagnostic technique using this change in density in the infected red blood cell. It is not only easy to use, but it is also compatible with the technological conditions found where the malaria problem is most acute - in many developing countries of the world. A small sample of blood drawn from a simple finger stick can be concentrated and examined microscopically for malaria parasites within 10 minutes. The thick film slide preparation, presently used, takes a …

Recovery Of Helminths From Prehistoric Feces: The Cultural Ecology Of Ancient Parasitism, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Several helminth parasites have been recovered from archaeological sites on the Colorado Plateau. These include Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius, Moniliformis, and tapeworms in the families Hymenolepidae and Taeniidae. The recovery of these animals demonstrates that cross-temporal: comparison of parasitism between different prehistoric lifestyles is possible. Such comparison might elucidate the effects of changing lifestyle and subsistance pattern on human parasitism.

Desiccated feces recovered from archaelogical deposits were studied. Hunter-gatherer feces were selected from Dust Devil Cave in southeastern Utah. Agriculturalist feces were studied from Antelope House, a cave site in northeastern Arizona, and Salmon Ruins, a Pueblo …

Cryptosporidiosis In The Immunosuppressed Mouse And In Cell Culture, Mercy Prabhu Das

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection primarily of animals that has been recently recognized as an important disease in immunocompromised humans. Most cases to date have occurred in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Persons with abnormal humoral or cellular immune function, and even normal subjects, have also been affected.

To determine whether or not mice, when experimentally immunosuppressed, would develop cryptosporidiosis, a test was designed using the AKR/J strain. This strain was selected because, it was previously reported that it was the strain shown to respond most readily to the production of disease caused by the opportunistic protozoan, Pneumocystis carinii …

Lectins, El-Nasir Lalani, M Wells

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Modification Of Sand Fly Biting Behavior By Leishmania Leads To Increased Parasite Transmission, Raymond Beach, Gabriel Kjilu, Johannis Leeuwenberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

To attempt rodent-sand fly-rodent transmission of Leishmania major, laboratory-reared Phlebotomus doboscqi were fed on L. major-infected mice and then refed on uninfected mice 21 days later. Flies which refed either probed 1–2 times and took a full blood meal in less than 10 minutes or probed 3 or more times and took little or no blood during a period of 15 minutes or more. When dissected, 7 of 8 flies which experienced difficulty in obtaining a blood meal had flagellates in their cibaria, an observation supporting the hypothesis that parasites in this part of the alimentary canal modify normal …

Effect Of Membrane Filtration Of Antimalarial Drug Solutions On In Vitro Activity Against Plasmodium Falciparum, J. Kevin Baird, C. Lambros

United States Public Health Resources

Antimalarial activities ofchloroquine, mefloquine, amodiaquine, and quinine in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum were diminished as a consequence ofmembranefiltration. Filtered drug solutions gave ID₅₀ values up to 25-fold greater than those of non-filtered (ethanol-sterilized) drug solutions. Loss ofactivity byfiltration was overcome by increasing the drug concentration prior to filtration. Water solutions filtered through Millex-GSfilter units consistently showed an absorbance maximum at 277 nm, accompanied by a lesser peak at 225 nm. Water filtrates from Nucleopore and Millex-G Vfilters showed no absorbance at 277 nm and only slight absorbance was evidentfor the Gelmanfilter unit. Activity losses were attributed to extractable contaminating …

Identification Of Four Complementary Rna Species In Akabane Virus-Infected Cells, Asit K. Pattnaik, G. Abraham

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The analysis of RNA extracted from purified Akabane virus demonstrated the presence of three size classes of single-stranded RNAs with sedimentation coefficients of 31S (large, L), 26S (medium, M), and 13S (small, S). Molecular weights of these RNA species were estimated to be 2.15 x 10⁶,1.5 X 10⁶, and 0.48 x 10⁶ for the L, M, and S RNAs, respectively. Hybridization analysis involving viral genomic RNA and RNA from virus-infected cells resulted in the identification of four virus-specific cRNA species in infected cells. These cRNAs were found to be nonpolyadenylated by their inability to bind …

United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Egypt, Medical Zoology Department Translation List, Harry Hoogstraal

United States Naval Medical Research Unit 3: Publications

List of translations of medical parasitology and medical entomology papers prepared by the United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number 3 in Cairo, Egypt. The papers were translated from numerous languages, such as Russian (most were translated from Russian), Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Finnish, French, German, and Japanese, into English. The publication dates of the original papers ranged from about 1915 to 1983. Harry Hoogstraal translated some or all of the papers.

The Multi-Individual Cremation Phenomenon Of The Santa Cruz Drainage, Karl J. Reinhard, T Michael Fink

Karl Reinhard Publications

Multi-individual cremation deposits found in the upper Santa Cruz River drainage were previously interpreted as the result of hypothesized cultural contact in the area. A review of 50 cremation deposits for which detailed analyses are available indicates that mulii-individual cremation deposits are the result of incomplete gleaning practices and have doubtful cultural significance. Hypotheses are generated from the present data which account for the apparent variation in cremation practices within the study area.

Detection Of Unique Tumor-Associated Proteins In The Urine Of Patients With Transitional Cell Carcinoma By High Resolution Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Robert David Lehman

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic technique was developed for the detection of unique tumor-associated proteins in urine of patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. This technique yielded high resolution of polypeptides in the urine of cancer patients. Urine was chosen as a source of tumor-associated components because the location of the tum or should release already solublized tum or substances in to the urine.

Urinary proteins were concentrated and then analyzed by the two - dimensional electrophoretic technique using isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecylsulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. …

Effects Of Trypanosoma Musculi Kendall, 1906 Immune Serum On The Reproduction Of Trichinella Spiralis (Owen, 1835) Railliet, 1896 In Mice, Samuel L. Chafin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The possible effects of ablastin, a reproduction-inhibiting antibody which is produced during the infection of the blood parasite, Trypanosoma musculi in the mouse, were investigated by fractionating the parasite into a supernatant fraction (designated as Group A test mice) and a pellet fraction (Group B test mice). These groups A and B mice were injected with the respective fractions, plus Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Control mice were injected with FCA only. Sera from these three groups of mice were removed after the Group A and Group B mice were shown to be negative to T. musculi challenge, and Group A …

Effect Of Time And Diet On The Immune Status Of Mice Challenged With Herpes-Transformed Cells, Daila S. Gridley

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Human Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV 2)-transformed Balb/c mouse cells (H238 cells) are malignant in Balb/c mice. The immune stratus of mice bearing H238 cell-induced tumors was studied and changes in immune response with time and with altered diet of the mice were measured.

In the experiments dealing with the status of immunity with time after tumor cell injection, mice were fed Purina Laboratory Chow (P.L.C.), injected with H238 cells, and sacrificed three to eight weeks post-injection. In the diet experiments, groups of mice were fed either P.L.C. or one of six equicaloric diets, consisting of low or high …

The Wavelength Dependence Of Ultraviolet Enhanced Reactivation In A Mammalian Cell-Virus System, Leslie C. James

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the wavelength region 230 nm to 302 nm on the ability of an irradiated mammalian cell to reactivate UV-irradiated mammalian virus was tests. An action spectrum for radiation enhanced reactivation (RER) Is presented. The shape of the action spectrum points to a combined nucleic acid protein target for UV radiation effects on this cellular parameter. An analysis of the results of others involving the biochemical and photobiological events involved in the RER does not allow the identification of the macromolecule which is the major contributor to this effect. Studies involving an analogous phenomenon …

Prehistoric Cremations From Nogales, Arizona *, Karl J. Reinhard, Jeff H. Shipman

Karl Reinhard Publications

In October, 1969, the Highway Salvage Section of the Arizona State Museum conducted emergency salvage excavations in conjunction with the construction of the Tucson-Nogales Highway. Ten cremations were recovered from a backhoe trench which had been placed within the city limits of Nogales, Arizona. Analysis of the cremations indicated cultural contact between the Trincheras culture of Sonora, Mexico, and the Hohokam culture of the Santa Cruz River Valley in southern Arizona.

Histology Of Apical Tissue : A Comparative Study Of Sargenti Formula, Short Vs. Overfill, James G. Schulze

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Four Stump-tail monkeys (Macaca spiciosa) were used for this study to analyze, on a cellular level, the apical tissue of teeth overfilled versus teeth filled short 1-3 mm. of the radiographic apex with the Sargenti formula. In each animal four incisors were filled short and four incisors were overfilled. A final sample size consisted of 28 teeth. The time periods ranged from 48 hours to 120 days. After analysis of the histology it can be stated that the teeth filled short showed no inflammation to moderate inflammation in the periapical tissues. In teeth overfilled there was a range from moderate …

Parasites Of Channel Catfish In Illinois Hatcheries, Charles Dale Meryman

Masters Theses

Ninety channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were trapped during September 1973 through April 1974 at three hatcheries located at Worden, Centralia, and Kinmundy, Illinois. All were examined for parasites and 87 were parasitized. The trematodes Azygia angusticauda and Neascus sp. were found in the gastrointestinal system and Cleidodiscus floridanus and Dactylogyrus sp. were attached to the gills. Five cestode genera, including Bothriocephalus sp., Corallobothrium giganteum, Eubothrium sp., Haplobothrium sp., and Proteocephalus ambloplitis were present. Rhabdochona sp. was the only nematode found. Protozoans; Costia sp., Myxobolus sp., Scyphidia macropodia and Trichodina discoidea and one kind of glochidium were observed. …

The Great Potato Debate, James D. Hudson

Honors Theses

Anencephaly and spina bifida cystica are two of the most common severe congenital malformations consistently observed in human populations. Both represent defects in the neural tube and share a significant number of similar epidemiological associations among them, occupational class, geography, sex ratio, maternal age, year and season of the year. In anencephaly most of the brain and upper skull never form usually resulting in death within a few hours of birth. Spina bifida cystica is a malformation of the spinal cord often causing paralysis, vulnerability to infection, and early death. In 1972, Dr. J.H. Renwick presented a controversial hypothesis which …

Comparison Of Interferon Produced In Vitro By Monkey Kidney Cells Demonstrating Interference Against Polio Ii, Coxsackie A-9, Influenza A2/Hong Kong/68, And Echo-9 Viruses, Archer Duncan Farmer Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable

Lice Of Public Health Importance And Their Control, Harry D. Pratt, Kent S. Littig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Lice have been intimately associated with man for centuries. Infestations with lice occur today in the United States and many other countries despite great efforts to maintain high standards of public health. Public health agencies are often called upon if infestations include or expose large groups of people, particularly those in public institutions such as schools, jails, hospitals, or homes for the aged.

The three sucking lice that infest humans are: the body louse (Pedlculus humanus humanus), the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis), and the crab louse (Pthirus pubis). The body louse is the …

Studies On The Regulation Of Cell Growth And Contact Inhibition Using Concanavalin A And Dibutyryl Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate, Robert W. Teel

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Both dibutyryl cyclic AMP and trypsinized concanavalin A have been shown to inhibit growth in certain cell lines but little testing of these substances has been done using human tumor cell lines. Further, there are at this time no published experimental attempts to correlate the effects on growth with a particular phase of the cell cycle in any cell line.

My experimental data show that the human tumor cell lines HeLa, HEp 2 and KB exhibit pronounced inhibition of growth when treated with trypsinized concanavalin A and reach a contact-inhibited state at a density far below that to which these …

The Effect Of Elevated Glucose On Neutrophilic Phagocytosis In Genetically Diabetic Mice, Larry B. Thompson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Infiltration to an injury site or area of bacterial contamination by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (or neutrophils) is an early and essential phase of the early inflammatory reaction. Their action on foreign matter is the most critical step taken by body defense mechanisms in the first 24 hours. Anything which interferes with that action, phagocytosis, greatly hampers early inflammation. This study was designed to see the effect of elevated glucose levels on neutrophil phagocytosis in a unique strain of genetically diabetic mice.

Twenty-two diabetic and twenty-four control female mice were used. Blood glucose determinations and total white counts were made on each …

Bibliography Of Diseases And Parasites Of Marine Fish And Shellfish (With Emphasis On Commercially Important Species), Carl J. Sindermann

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The literature on diseases and parasites of marine animals has been accumulating at an accelerating rate in recent decades, and at a seemingly geometrical rate in the past few years. Reviews of selected aspects of the subject have appeared (Cheng, 1967; Sindermann, 1966; Sindermann and Rosenfield, 1967). References listed in these papers include a significant, but still a small part, of the available literature. With the proliferation of journals in many languages throughout the world, a complete bibliography, even in a narrow area of research, is almost an impossibility. Then too, the daily appearance of new published information represents an …

A Control Programme For Cheesy Gland In Sheep, M R. Gardiner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

CASEOUS LYMPHADENITIS, or "cheesy gland" as it is usually known in Australia, is a common disease of sheep which is very important in the economics of the lamb and mutton industry.

Practical Disease Prevention In The Pig Herd, R B. Richards

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

DISEASES cause loss in pig production through mortality, poor growth rate and reduced food conversion efficiency.

The cost of drugs and expert advice causes further economic loss, and the dangers to public health and to other livestock in a community are serious and often-neglected considerations.

Sheep Worm Control And Lambing Time In High Rainfall Areas, F C. Wilkinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Indications from a continuing sheep trial at Margaret River are that farmers in high rainfall areas could increase stocking rates and lamb growth rates by lambing in September- October rather than July-August.

The results also indicate that farmers in the area may be spending more than necessary on worm control.

Some Aspects Of Carbohydrate Metabolism In The Cercariae Of Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon, 1907, A. Eugene Dunham Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cercariac of Schistosoma mansoni were studied for glycogen utilization, uptake of glucose from solution, lactic acid production, and respiration.

Using the anthrone method of determination of carbohydrate, the amount of glycogen used by a single cercaria in 4 hours is determined as 43.2 x 10^-4 μg ± 6.6 x 10^-4 μg.

Glucose was not observed to have been used from solution under the conditions of the experiment, even in the presence of trehalose. The determinations were made by the Glucostat method.

After deproteinization and desugarization, aliquots of supernatant from cercarial suspensions were analyzed for lactic acid using p-phenylphenol …

A Brief History Of The Namru-3 Medical Zoology Program, Harry Hoogstraal

United States Naval Medical Research Unit 3: Publications

The NAMRU-3 Medical Zoology program began during Easter week of 1950. We had just closed the NAMRU-3 field station at Torit, in Equatoria Province of soulheastern Sudan, and were heading homeward to the United States. However, the offer to remain in Egypt for a year or two to develop a Medical Zoology department at NAMRU-3 provided an interesting challenge after working for several years in tropical forests and grasslands of Africa and other continents. We shall briefly describe subsequent events under four headings: (1) Medical Zoology in Egypt, (2) Ticks and Tickborne Diseases of the World, (3) Kala Azar in …

Round Worms : Important Parasites Of Pigs, F C. Wilkinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

ROUND WORMS are usually found in the small intestine of pigs. The adults average six to 10 inches long. They are creamy-white and cylindrical in shape, tapering to a point at both ends.

Carbon Dioxide Fixation In Schistosoma Mansoni, Clint Earl Carter

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Adults of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni were perfused from the hepatic portal system of CF1 female mice sixty to seventy days post infection. The worms were then incubated in Eagle’s minimal essential medium with glutamate and 0.03 mg/100 ml of nonlabelled aspartic acid. To this medium was added 10 μc of either NaH¹⁴0₃, glucose-UC¹⁴ or aspartate-4-C¹⁴. The worms were found to fix carbon from the NaH¹⁴0₃ and to incorporate the glucose and aspartate. The amount of activity recovered in five different chemical fractions after two hours incubation was determined …

The Effect Of Schistosoma Mansoni On Free Amino Acid Levels In Mice, Richard D. Tkachuck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, were measured at 3, 6, and 9 weeks post-infection with an automatic amino acid analyzer. Significant differences between experimental and control animals occurred at all three time periods. At 3 weeks, asparagine, alanine, citrulline, proline, methionine, and threonine levels all were lower in the infected animals. At 6 weeks, four differences were noted. Alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, ornithine, lysine, and histidine all had lower values in infected animals. At 9 weeks there were 12 differences. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, serine, proline, citrulline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, and …