Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons^™

Effect Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection And Subsequent Tnfa Secretion On Apoptosis In The Murine Genital Tract, Jean-Luc Perfettini, Toni Darville, Gabriel Gachelin, Philippe Souque, Michel Huerre, Alice Dautry-Varsat, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The pathology observed during Chlamydia infection is due initially to localized tissue damage caused by the infection itself, followed by deleterious host inflammatory responses that lead to permanent scarring. We have recently reported that the infection byChlamydia in vitro results in apoptosis of epithelial cells and macrophages and that infected monocytes secrete the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. At the same time, proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) can also trigger apoptosis of susceptible cells. To study the possible relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and apoptosis in vivo, we used the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique to …

Medical And Social Diseases: Can The Former Moderate The Latter?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes how medical disease may moderate social disease in an era of globalization.

Integronlike Structures In Campylobacter Spp. Of Human And Animal Origin, Brigid Lucey, D. Crowley, P. Moloney, B. Cryan, M. Daly, F. O'Halloran, E. J. Threlfall, S. Fanning

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.

Response To Critique Of The Claim Of Cannibalism At Cowboy Wash, Patricia M. Lambert, Banks L. Leonard, Brian R. Billman, Richard A. Marlar, Margaret E. Newman, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The original authors of Billman et af. (2000) are joined by three other analysts from the Cowboy Wash research team to respond to the critique of this article by Dongoske et af. (2000). Dongoske and his coauthors state that Billman et af. (2000) failed to test alternative hypotheses or to consider alternative explanations for the findings at 5MTJOOJO and similar sites. The original authors point out that alternative hypotheses were examined and rejected, leaving a violent episode of cannibalism as the most plausible explanation for the remains found at 5MTJOOJO. Dongoske et af. also question many aspects of the osteological, …

Quantitative Image Analysis Of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Macrophages Coinfected With Mycobacterium Avium Complex, Qingsheng Li, Keith G. Mansfield, Andrew Lackner, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Mycobacterium avium is the most frequent cause of disseminated bacterial infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and in rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. This animal model of AIDS was used to test the hypothesis that this frequent association is the result of reciprocal enhancement of replication of both microorganisms. The replication of M. avium and SIV was analyzed in lymphatic tissues obtained from rhesus macaques experimentally inoculated with SIVmac who developed or remained free of overt M. avium infection. In situ hybridization, quantitative image analysis, and staining of M. avium and of macrophages …

Isovolumic Regulation In Nervous Tissue: A Novel Mechanism Of Cell Volume Regulation, O. Quesada, R. Franco, K. Hernandez-Fonseca, K. Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cell volume regulation is a property present in most animal cell lineages that allows them to recover their original volume after events of swelling or shrinkage. Such events can be caused by changes in external osmolarity or to osmotic gradients generated during normal cell functioning.4,6 The mechanism of cell volume regulation involves transmembrane fluxes of osmotically active solutes in the necessary direction to counteract the net gain or loss of intracellular water.9 The process through which cells recover their normal volume after swelling is named Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). This consists of the efflux of inorganic osmolytes, such as K …

Elaeophorosis In Red Deer From Spain, Mónica Santín-Durán, J. M. Alunda, J. M. San Miguel, Eric P. Hoberg, C. De La Fuente

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Elaeophorosis, caused by Elaeophora elaphi, was observed in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Toledo Province (Spain) for the first time. Adult specimens of Elaeophora elaphi were found in the hepatic vessels of nine of 151 red deer between October 1994 and September 1995; intensity of infection was two to 18 nematodes per host. Adult nematodes were only found during the period from fall through early spring. No differences were present between sex or age groups. Parasites were not found in a limited sample from fallow deer (Dama dama). Blood samples were negative for the presence of …

Biosystematics And Evolution Of The Triatominae = Biossistemática E Evolução De Triatomíneos, Christopher J. Schofield

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Abstract

In this paper we summarize the systematics of the 130 currently recognized species of Triatominae and the key features of their evolutionary background. There is increasing evidence that the subfamily has polyphyletic origins, with the various tribes and species groups probably arising from different reduviid lineages in relatively recent times.

Resumo

Neste trabalho resume-se a sistemática das 130 espécies de triatomíneos atualmente reconhecidas, com os elementos principais de sua evolução. Existem evidências crescentes para a origem polifilética da subfamília. As diferentes tribos e grupos de espécies que a compõem teriam surgido recentemente, a partir de diferentes linhagens de reduviídeos.

Recognition Of Treponematoses In Post Repatriation X Ray And Cd Rom Nebraska Record, Karl J. Reinhard, Bruce Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Larry Martin

Karl Reinhard Publications

Repatriation has compromised the opportunity to directly examine skeletons and to apply new diagnostic criteria and techniques. Pre-repatriation approaches to non-metric data acquisition, must make a number of assumptions: ( I ) Phenomena must be correctly identitied and segregated; (2) Criteria for severity must be specific to the phenomena studied; and (3) As criteria for disease rewgnition may change with time, it is valuable only as long as the raw data is also recorded. As part of data preservation, x-rays and CD-ROM images were recorded for skeletons trom Nebraska sites undergoing repatriation. This report concentrates on four of them 250K …

The Role Of Mummy Studies In Paleoparasitology, Adauto Araujo, Karl J. Reinhard, Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

Paieoparasitology has advance during the past decade to the status of a statistically based science focused on problems of disease ecology and geographic distribution of parasitism. For most of its development, paleoparasitology has focused on the analysis of coprolites and latrine sediments. During the past few years, mummies have been increasingly included in paleoparasitology studies. We evaluate in this paper the interpretive value of mummies relative to other sources of paleoparasitological data.

EI estudio de la paleoparasitologia ha logrado transformarse, en esta ultima decada, en una ciencia basada en la estadistica, enfocada a temas tales como la ecologia de enfermedades …

Paleopharmacology, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

An emerging field devoted to the exploration of the archaeological record for evidence of medicinal plants.

In the future, archaeology will have a role in pharmaceutical research. In the late twentieth century, much of the world’s pharmaceutical research has been based on ethnographic documentation of tribally recognized medicinal plants. Once the active chemical compounds in the plants are identified, they are either extracted or synthesized for commercial use. The American film Medicine Man depicts this approach. As shown in the film, such pharmacological research is threatened by declining tribal populations with loss of traditional herbal knowledge coupled with declining biodiversity. …

Archaeoparasitology, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The field devoted to the identification of parasite remains in the archaeological record and the reconstruction of past human-parasite interactions. Parasitic disease has always been a major problem. Recent summaries of the prevalence of parasitic diseases in the world today show that there are 4.5 billion infections with all species of parasitic worm, 1 billion infections with giant intestinal roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), 750,000,000 infections with whipworms (Trichuris trichiura), 900,000,000 infections with hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), 657,000,000 infections with filarial worms, 200,000,000 with blood flukes (schistosome species), and 489,000,000 infections with malaria. These infections cause between 1,590,000 to 3,130,000 …

Coprolite Analysis: The Analysis Of Ancient Human Feces For Dietary Data, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Although archaeological fieldwork is hot and dirty, the most “earthy” side of the discipline is the laboratory analysis of coprolites. Each coprolite contains the remains of one to several actual meals eaten in prehistory, and analysis of many coprolites provides a picture of ancient diet that is unique in accuracy.

The term coprolite originally referred to fossilized feces in paleontological context. In archaeology, the term broadened to refer to any formed fecal mass, including mineralized, desiccated, or frozen feces and even the intestinal contents of mummies. Coprolites contain the remains of animals (parasites) that lived in the humans, the foods …

Effects Of Plasma Hiv Rna, Cd4+ T Lymphocytes, And The Chemokine Receptors Ccr5 And Ccr2b On Hiv Disease Progression In Hemophiliacs, Eric S. Daar, Sharyne Donfield, Edward Gomperts, Margaret Hilgartner, Keith Hoots, David Chernoff, Cheryl Winkler, Stephen J. O'Brien, Hemophilia Growth And Development Study

Biology Faculty Articles

We have investigated the effects of plasma HIV RNA, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2b on HIV disease progression in hemophiliacs. We prospectively observed during follow-up 207 HIV-infected hemophiliacs in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. Plasma HIV RNA was measured on cryopreserved plasma from enrollment using the Chiron Corporation bDNA (version 2.0) assay. Genotype variants CCR2b-641 and CCR5-Δ32 were detected using standard molecular techniques. Those with the mutant allele for CCR2b, and to a lesser extent CCR5, had lower plasma HIV RNA, and higher CD4⁺ T lymphocytes than did those without these …

Optimal Replication Activity Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Rna Polymerase Requires Phosphorylation Of A Residue(S) At Carboxy-Terminal Domain Ii Of Its Accessory Subunit, Phosphoprotein P, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Tapas Das, Amiya K. Florida, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phosphoprotein, P, of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a key subunit of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The protein is phosphorylated at multiple sites in two different domains. We recently showed that specific serine and threonine residues within the amino-terminal acidic domain I of P protein must be phosphorylated for in vivo transcription activity, but not for replication activity, of the polymerase complex. To examine the role of phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain II residues of the P protein in transcription and replication, we have used a panel of mutant P proteins in which the phosphate acceptor sites …

Tb Or Not Tb: Disease And The Adaptiveness Of Political Borders, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes adaptive and nonadaptive aspects of political borders at the threshold of the 21st century.

The Effect Of Illicit Drugs On The Cardiovascular And Hormonal Responses In Pregnant Rabbits, Andrea Alana Chambliss

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of acute administration of heroin and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) on renin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion in time dated New Zealand White rabbits. Thirteen rabbits were studied. Arterial blood pressure and pCOz, increased significantly from a control value of 80 ± 8 mmHg and 30 ± 2 mmHg respectively to 93 ± 18 mmHg and 31 ± 1 mmHg. pO₂ decreased from 99 ± 8 mmHg to 90 ± 11 mmHg 10 minutes after heroin administration. EME caused arterial blood pressure to significantly increase from a control …

Nucleotide Sequences For Detection Of Serpulina Hyodysenteriae, Gerald E. Duhamel, Robert Elder

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The invention provides a method for detecting the presence of Serpulina hyodysenteriae in a biological Sample, an oligonucleotide primer and an S. hyodysenteriae-specific oligonucleotide probe useful in that method, and an article of manufacture that contains the primers and/or probe. Also provided are an about 2.3-kb DNA fragment derived from genomic DNA of S. hyodysenteriae and encoding for an about 56 kDa polypeptide, a recombinant expression vector containing the DNA fragment, the 56 kDa polypeptide and a monoclonal antibody reactive with the peptide, and a method of assaying for antibodies reactive with the 56 kDa peptide.

Plasmd Bearing A Cdna Copy Of The Genome Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Chimeric Derivatives Thereof, And Method Of Producing An Infectious Bovine Wral Darrheavirus Using Sad Plasmid, Ruben O. Donis, Ventzislav B. Vassilev

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A plasmid bearing a cDNA copy of the genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), chimeric derivatives of the plasmid and a method of producing an infectious bovine viral diarrhea virus using the plasmid are disclosed. The invention relates to a plasmid DNA molecule that replicates easily in E. coli and contains a sufficient portion of the genome of BVDV, cloned as cDNA, to be a suitable template to produce RNA in vitro which, upon transfection into bovine cells, gives rise to infectious BVDV. The BVDV created by the process of the invention can be engineered for use as a …

In Situ Hybridization For The Detection And Localization Of Swine Chlamydia Trachomatis, C. Chae, D.-S. Cheon, D. Kwon, O. Kim, B. Kim, J. Suh, D. G. Rogers, K. D. E. Everett, A. A. Anderson

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intralaryngeally with swine Chlamydia trachomatis strain R33 or orally with swine C. trachmatis strain R27. Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from piglets euthanatized 4–7 days postinoculation were examined by in situ hybridization for C. trachomatis nucleic acid using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes that targeted specific ribosomal RNA or omp1 mRNA molecules of the swine C. trachomatis strains. Positive hybridization signals were detected in bronchial epithelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages, and jejunal and ileal enterocytes. Chlamydia-infected cells had a strong signal that was confined to the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Positive hybridization signals were …

Enhancement Of Atp Levels And Glucose Metabolism During An Infection By Chlamydia: Nmr Studies Of Living Cells, David M. Ojcius, H. Degani, Joel Mispelter, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular bacteria that proliferate only within the infected cell. Since the extracellular bacteria are metabolically inert and there are no cell-free systems for characterizingChlamydia metabolism, we studied metabolic changes related to ATP synthesis and glycolysis in HeLa cells infected withChlamydia psittaci during the course of the 2-day infection cycle using noninvasive 31P and 13C NMR methods. We find that the infection stimulates ATP synthesis in the infected cell, with a peak of ATP levels occurring midway through the infection cycle, when most of the metabolically active bacteria are proliferating. The infection also stimulates synthesis of …

Human Dental Microwear Caused By Calcium Oxalate Phytoliths In Prehistoric Diet Of The Lower Pecos Region, Texas, Dennis Danielson, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Recent research demonstrates that silica phytoliths of dietary origin are associated with microwear of human teeth. Previous research has shown that severe enamel microwear and dental wear characterizes Archaic hunter-gatherers in the lower Pecos region of west Texas. Calcium oxalate crystals are especially common in Archaic coprolites. The vast majority are derived from prickly pear and agave, which were the dietary staples in west Texas for 6,000 years. The calcium oxalate phytoliths are harder than enamel. Therefore, calcium oxalate crystals are the most likely source of previously documented dental microwear and wear in the lower Pecos region.Am J Phys Anthropol …

Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript. To examine the role of the putative polyadenylation signal 3' AUACU₇5' at the gene junctions in polyadenylation and transcription termination, we constructed plasmids encoding antigenomic minireplicons containing one or two transcription units. In plasmid-transfected cells, analyses of the bicistronic minireplicon containing the wild-type or mutant intercistronic gene junctions for the ability to direct synthesis of polyadenylated upstream, downstream, and readthrough mRNAs showed that the AUACU …

Mummies And Mummification Practices In The Southern And Southwestern United States, Mahmoud Y. El-Najjar, Thomas M. J. Mulinski, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Mummification was not intentional for most North American prehistoric cultures. Natural mummification occurred in the dry areas of North America, where mummies have been recovered from rock shelters, caves, and overhangs. In these places, corpses desiccated and spontaneously mummified. In North America, mummies are recovered from four main regions: the southern and southwestern United States, the Aleutian Islands, and the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. This chapter is limited to a discussion of burial practices and a tabulation of the location of mummies in the southwestern United States with some comments on mummies of the southern United States, including the Ozarks.

Genetic Polymorphism Among Cryptosporidium Parvum Isolates: Evidence Of Two Distinct Human Transmission Cycles, Michael M. Peng, Lihua Xiao, Amanda R. Freeman, Michael J. Arrowood, Ananias A. Escalante, André C. Weltman, Corinne S.L. Ong, William R. Mac Kenzie, Altaf A. Lal, Charles B. Beard

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

We report the results of molecular analysis of 39 isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum from human and bovine sources in nine human outbreaks and from bovine sources from a wide geographic distribution. All 39 isolates could be divided into either of two genotypes, on the basis of genetic polymorphism observed at the thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP-C2) locus. Genotype 1 was observed only in isolates from humans. Genotype 2, however, was seen in calf isolates and in isolates from a subset of human patients who reported direct exposure to infected cattle or consumed items thought to be contaminated with cattle feces. Furthermore, …

Distribution Of Endosomal, Lysosomal And Mhc Markers In A Monocytic Cell Line Infected With Chlamydia Psittaci, David M. Ojcius, Raymond Hellio, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The intracellular fate of Chlamydia psittaci during infection of a monocytic cell line, THP1, was characterized. Cytochalasin D inhibited phagocytosis of latex beads but had no effect on infection by C. psittaci, and vacuoles expressed the transferrin receptor, suggesting accessibility to the endocytic pathway. Early Chlamydia-containing vacuoles expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, and most vacuoles fused with host cell lysosomes, since they expressed LAMP-1 and had acidic pHs. In cells prestimulated with gamma interferon, vacuoles also expressed MHC class II molecules, suggesting that the monocytes might effectively process Chlamydia-derived antigens for presentation by MHC class I and …

503 Phase I Radioimmunotherapy (Rit) Study Of 90y-Cc49 Monoclonal Antibody (Mab) Therapy In Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc), Francisco Robert, Ruby Meredith, Michael Khazaeli, Charles Russell, William Grizzle, John Newsome, Mansoor Saleh

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

503 Phase I radioimmunotherapy (RIT) study of 90Y-CC49 monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) × Close The Infona portal uses cookies, ie strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms …

Phosphorylation Within The Amino-Terminal Acidic Domain I Of The Phosphoprotein Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Is Required For Transcription But Not For Replication, Asit K. Pattnaik, Leroy Hwang, Tong Le, Nathan Englund, Manjula Mathur, Tapas Das, Amiya Banerjee

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Phosphorylation by casein kinase II at three specific residues (S-60, T-62, and S-64) within the acidic domain I of the P protein of Indiana serotype vesicular stomatitis virus has been shown to be critical for in vitro transcription activity of the viral RNA polymerase (P-L) complex. To examine the role of phosphorylation of P protein in transcription as well as replication in vivo, we used a panel of mutant P proteins in which the phosphate acceptor sites in domain I were substituted with alanines or other amino acids. Analyses of the alanine-substituted mutant P proteins for the ability to support …

Parasite Biodiversity And Emerging Pathogens: A Role For Systematics In Limiting Impacts On Genetic Resources, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Emergence of pathogenic organisms continues as a threat to overall biodiversity and genetic resources. Macroparasites including helminths constitute a potential threat to economically important resources in agriculture and conservation biology. Limitation of this threat can be achieved through survey and inventory for biodiversity and the application of systematics to understand the host range , biogeography and history of faunas. Systematics constitutes the foundation for recognition of endemic and introduced elements of faunas and the basis for predicting the behavior of pathogens introduced to new ecological settings or host groups. The basis for emergence of pathogens has both a deep historical …

Cellular Basis Of Decreased Immune Responses To Pneumococcal Vaccines In Aged Mice, Manju Garg, Wei Luo, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Previously, model systems were developed in our laboratory to study murine immune responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pnu-Imune, both in vivo and in vitro (M. Garg and B. Subbarao, Infect. Immun. 60:2329-2336, 1992; M. Garg, A. M. Kaplan, and S. Bondada, J. Immunol. 152: 1589-1596, 1994). Using these systems, we found that aged mice did not respond to the vaccine in vivo or in vitro. Cell separation studies showed that the unresponsiveness of the aged spleen cells to the vaccine was not due to an intrinsic B-cell defect or to T-cell-mediated immunosuppression but resulted from an accessory cell …