Genetics and Genomics Commons^™

Population Amalgamation And Genetic Variation: Observations On Artificially Agglomerated Tribal Populations Of Central And South America, R Chakraborty, P E Smouse, J V Neel

Student and Faculty Publications

The interpretation of data on genetic variation with regard to the relative roles of different evolutionary factors that produce and maintain genetic variation depends critically on our assumptions concerning effective population size and the level of migration between neighboring populations. In humans, recent population growth and movements of specific ethnic groups across wide geographic areas mean that any theory based on assumptions of constant population size and absence of substructure is generally untenable. We examine the effects of population subdivision on the pattern of protein genetic variation in a total sample drawn from an artificial agglomerate of 12 tribal populations …

Genetic Transformation In Salmonella Typhimurium, Siao Ping Tasi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plasmid transformation is an essential step in many gene cloning experiments. In Salmonella tynhimurium, mutants of rough strain have shown improved transformation frequency previously. In this work a stable restriction-minus (r^-) and modification-plus (m⁺) strain and its derivatives were constructed. Effect of restriction barrier on transformation of plasmid pBR322 was tested. Several factors which may affect transformation frequency have been systematically examined to determine the optimum conditions for transformation in S. tvphimurium. Efforts were made to simplify the procedure.

Using pBR322 plasmid as an experimental model, the r^- strain demonstrated 10⁵ to …

The Gli-Kruppel Family Of Human Genes, John M. Ruppert, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Albert J. Wong, Sandra H. Bigner, Fa-Ten Kao, Martha L. Law, Hector Seuanez, Stephen J. O'Brien, Bert Vogelstein

Biology Faculty Articles

Previous characterization of GLI, a gene found to be amplified and expressed in a subset of human brain tumors, revealed the presence of five tandem zinc fingers related to those of Krüppel (Kr), a Drosophila segmentation gene of the gap class. We have used the GLI cDNA as a molecular probe to isolate related sequences from the human genome. Partial characterization of six related loci, including sequence determination, expression studies, and chromosome localization, revealed that each locus could encode a separate finger protein. The predicted proteins all had similar H-C links, i.e., a conserved stretch of 9 …

The Characterization Of Ribosomal Rna Gene Chromatin From Physarum Polycephalum, Sally A. Amero, Vicky L. Montoya, Wendy L. Murdoch, Roy C. Ogle, John L. Keating, Robert M. Grainger

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

We have isolated ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) chromatin from Physarum polycephalum using a nucleolar isolation procedure that minimizes protein loss from chromatin and, subsequently, either agarose gel electrophoresis or metrizamide gradient centrifugation to purify this chromatin fraction (Amero, S. A., Ogle, R. C., Keating, J. L., Montoya, V. L., Murdoch, W. L., and Grainger, R. M. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 10725-10733). Metrizamide-purified rDNA chromatin obtained from nucleoli isolated according to the new procedure has a core histone/DNA ratio of 0.77:1. The major core histone classes comigrate electrophoretically with their nuclear counterparts on Triton-acid-urea/sodium dodecyl sulfate two-dimensional gels, although they …

Deer And Forestry In Germany: Half A Century After Aldo Leopold, Michael L. Wolfe, Friedrich-Christian V. Berg

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Chemical And Radiation-Induced Dna Damage In The Mdbk Cell Culture System, Jeffrey R. Hincks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A mechanism common to many carcinogens and mutagens is the interaction with cellular DNA. Alkaline elution is a sensitive and commonly used technique to detect cellular DNA damage in the form of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), DNA-protein cross-links (DPC), and DNA interstrand cross-links (ISC). In the present study, gravity-flow alkaline elution was developed and validated to rapidly detect DNA damage in the MDBK cell culture system by genotoxic agents.

The system was first validated by detecting a dose dependent induction of DNA SSB in cells exposed to 25-1500 rad of X-ray. The assay reliably detected the DNA damage of seven …

Environmental Effects On Remating In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lawrence G. Harshman, Ary A. Hoffman, Timothy Prout

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

The effects of density and food on remating were investigated using Drosophila melanogaster. The frequency of remating was unaffected by density for some combinations of fly strains but was reduced at low relative densities for other combinations. Until females had used most of their stored sperm, remating was less likely when food was absent or contact with food was prevented. Food availability had little effect on the incidence of remating once stored sperm were depleted and had no effect on initial virgin mating frequency. This study indicates that environmental factors can have a substantial direct influence on the frequency …

International Registry Of Poultry Genetic Stocks, Ralph G. Somes Jr.

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Parentage Analysis With Genetic Markers In Natural Populations I The Expected Proportion Of Offspring With Unambiguous Paternity, R Chakraborty, T R Meagher, P E Smouse

Student and Faculty Publications

Recent studies indicate that polymorphic genetic markers are potentially helpful in resolving genealogical relationships among individuals in a natural population. Genetic data provide opportunities for paternity exclusion when genotypic incompatibilities are observed among individuals, and the present investigation examines the resolving power of genetic markers in unambiguous positive determination of paternity. Under the assumption that the mother for each offspring in a population is unambiguously known, an analytical expression for the fraction of males excluded from paternity is derived for the case where males and females may be derived from two different gene pools. This theoretical formulation can also be …

Double Cross: Agriculture And Genetics, 1930 To 1960, Tracy Scott Lebenzon

Dissertations and Theses

This paper discusses the role of genetic technology and application in agriculture between 1930 and 1960. Topics covered include the role of genetics and the relationship that theory, education, administration, professionalism, economic and social considerations bore to genetics.

The Κ-Deleting Element: Germline And Rearranged, Duplicated And Dispersed Forms, Winfried B. Graninger, Paula L. Goldman, Cynthia C. Morton, Stephen J. O'Brien, Stanley J. Korsmeyer

Biology Faculty Articles

Human light chain genes are used in a κ before λ order. Accompanying this hierarchy is the rearrangement of a κ-deleting element (Kde) which eliminates the kappa locus before λ gene rearrangement. In approximately 60% of rearrangements the Kde recombines at a conserved heptamer within the J_κ-C_κ intron. We demonstrated that aberrant V/J rearrangements possessing apparent "N" nucleotides existed 5' to the J_κ-Kde rearrangements. This suggests that the Kde may selectively eliminate nonfunctional V/J alleles. A κ-producing cell that displayed the unusual finding of λ gene rearrangement demonstrated a rearranged Kde. This rearrangement was a …

Genic Studies Of Lasiurus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), Robert J. Baker, John C. Patton, Hugh H. Genoways, John W. Bickham

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Bats of the genus Lasiurus present a number of interesting systematic problems that are difficult to resolve by traditional techniques. Members of the genus share a suite of derived morphological (Hall and Jones, 1961; Handley , 1960) and karyotypic (Bickham 1979, 1988) characteristics. However, until 1960 (Handley, 1960), members were placed in two genera- Lasiurus and Dasypterus-based primarily upon the presence or absence of the small, first upper premolar. Handley (1960) analyzed the differences and similarities among these two genera and concluded they were not distinct even at a subgeneric level. One goal of this study was to provide …

Relationship Between Herd Management Practices In The Midwest On Milk And Fat Yield, Jeffrey F. Keown

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A dairy management survey was conducted in fall 1985 and spring 1986 in the nine-state area served by the Midstates Dairy Records Processing Center in Ames, IA. The questionnaire, consisting of 57 questions with 254 possible choices, was used to survey dairy producers on DHI testing in Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. The questions covered housing pactices, milking equipment and practices, feeding regimens, calf rearing and feeding, feed additives, various management categories, and artificial insemination usage. The survey responses were merged with the 1985 year end rolling herd production averages from the processing …

Mitochondrial Dna Polymorphism In Three Antillean Island Populations Of The Fruit Bat, Artibeus Jamaicensis, Dorothy E. Pumo, Everett Z. Goldin, Beth Elliot, Carleton J. Phillips, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The Neotropical fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, occurs throughout Latin America and on many islands in the Caribbean. Populations from Jamaica (in the Greater Antilles) to Barbados (in the Lesser Antilles) have been classified as a subspecies (A. j. jamaicensisi separate from that on the Lesser Antillean island of St. Vincent (A. j. schwartzi). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was isolated from 54 individuals collected on these islands, analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases, and the restriction sites were mapped. Three different mtDNA genotypes (16,000 ± 200 bp) were identified: J-1 (16 animals from Jamaica, one from St. Vincent, …

Mammalian Genome Organization: An Evolutionary View, S. J. O'Brien, H. N.J.E. Seuanez Womack

Biology Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Truncation Of Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Development By Irradiation Of Embryos., David B. Taylor, Robert L. Mangan

David B Taylor

Gamma irradiation of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), embryos was used to truncate the life cycle at the prepupal stage. Egg hatch and larval survival were not reduced by dosages ≤8 kilorads (kr). Pupariation and adult emergence were inhibited by dosages ≥2.8 and 1.2 kr, respectively. Larvae, irradiated as embryos with dosages ≤8 kr, successfully infested wounded sheep, although larval weight was lower than normal. A dosage of 5.8 kr was sufficient to prevent pupariation, while permitting larval development to the third instar. Truncation of screwworm development permits the use of artificially wounded and infested animals for screwworm population surveillance and …

The Purification Of Ribosomal Rna Gene Chromatin From Physarum Polycephalum, Sally A. Amero, Roy C. Ogle, John L. Keating, Vicky L. Montoya, Wendy L. Murdoch, Robert M. Grainger

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

We have undertaken the purification of ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) chromatin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, in order to study its chromatin structure. In this organism rDNA exists in nucleoli as highly repeated minichromosomes, and one can obtain crude chromatin fractions highly enriched in rDNA from isolated nucleoli. We first developed a nucleolar isolation method utilizing polyamines as stabilization agents that results in a chromatin fraction containing far more protein than is obtained by the more commonly used divalent cation isolation methods. The latter method appears to result in extensive histone loss during chromatin isolations. Two methods were then …

Partial Characterization Of Lpss From Rhizobium Fredii Usda 205 Before And After Nod Gene Induction, Bradley Lawrence Reuhs

Masters Theses

The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Rhizobium fredii USDA 205 and its nod- mutant, HC 205, which has been cured of the 192-MDa symbiotic plasmid, were isolated by the phenol-water extraction method. The LPS from the wild-type strain which was grown in association with host-plant root extract or a flavone analog to a constituent of the root extract, which is required for the induction of at least a portion of the nodulation genes, was also isolated. The conditions required for the induction of the nod genes were determined by work with a nod- mutant of R. fredii USDA 201 which …

A Simple Solid-Phase Electrophoretic Procedure For The Separation Of Plasmid Dna, Linda Ann Simurra

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A method was developed for extraction of plasmid DNA from bacterial cells embedded in agarose blocks. Cell - containing blocks were treated with various lysing reagents and inserted into the wells of an agarose gel. Upon electrophoresis the plasmid DNA migrated out of the embedding block and into the gel leaving intact chromosomal DNA in the well. This method was tested with various organisms and found to be effective for plasmid isolation. In comparison to "traditional" procedures, this new method is less tedious since chemical separation of plasmids is not required prior to electrophoresis. Also, a higher yield of plasmid …

Gibbon Classification : The Issue Of Species And Subspecies, Erin Lee Osterud

Dissertations and Theses

Gibbon classification at the species and subspecies levels has been hotly debated for the last 200 years. This thesis explores the reasons for this debate. Authorities agree that siamang, concolor, kloss and hoolock are species, while there is complete lack of agreement on lar, agile, moloch, Mueller's and pileated. The disagreement results from the use and emphasis of different character traits, and from debate on the occurrence and importance of gene flow.

Hybridization Of Aedes (Protomacleaya) Zoosophus With Ae. (Pro.) Triseriatus Group Species: Hybrid Morphology, David Taylor

David B. Taylor

Morphology of hybrids between Aedes (Protomacleaya) zoosophus and Ae. (Pro.) triseriatus group species is described. Adult females of hybrids key to Ae. zoosophus. Hybrids are differentiated from Ae. zoosophus by the dark longitudinal medial or submedial lines on the thorax and by the reduced width of the light tarsal and abdominal bands. The transverse band of light scales on the anterior scutum is complete in Ae. hendersoni / Ae. zoosophus hybrids and incomplete in Ae. triseriatus / Ae. zoosophus hybrids. Aedes brelandi / Ae. zoosophus hybrids are similar to Ae. hendersoni / Ae. zoosophus hybrids. However, due to the …

Truncation Of Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Development By Irradiation Of Embryos., David Taylor, Robert Mangan

David B. Taylor

Gamma irradiation of screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), embryos was used to truncate the life cycle at the prepupal stage. Egg hatch and larval survival were not reduced by dosages ≤8 kilorads (kr). Pupariation and adult emergence were inhibited by dosages ≥2.8 and 1.2 kr, respectively. Larvae, irradiated as embryos with dosages ≤8 kr, successfully infested wounded sheep, although larval weight was lower than normal. A dosage of 5.8 kr was sufficient to prevent pupariation, while permitting larval development to the third instar. Truncation of screwworm development permits the use of artificially wounded and infested animals for screwworm population surveillance and …