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Articles 31 - 60 of 149

Full-Text Articles in Genetics and Genomics

A Screen For Sleep And Starvation Resistance Identifies A Wake-Promoting Role For The Auxiliary Channel Unc79, Kazuma Murakami, Justin Palermo, Bethany A. Stanhope, Allen G. Gibbs, Alex C. Keene Jun 2021

A Screen For Sleep And Starvation Resistance Identifies A Wake-Promoting Role For The Auxiliary Channel Unc79, Kazuma Murakami, Justin Palermo, Bethany A. Stanhope, Allen G. Gibbs, Alex C. Keene

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The regulation of sleep and metabolism are highly interconnected, and dysregulation of sleep is linked to metabolic diseases that include obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Furthermore, both acute and long-term changes in diet potently impact sleep duration and quality. To identify novel factors that modulate interactions between sleep and metabolic state, we performed a genetic screen for their roles in regulating sleep duration, starvation resistance, and starvation-dependent modulation of sleep. This screen identified a number of genes with potential roles in regulating sleep, metabolism, or both processes. One such gene encodes the auxiliary ion channel UNC79, which was implicated in …


Genomics, Exometabolomics, And Metabolic Probing Reveal Conserved Proteolytic Metabolism Of Thermoflexus Hugenholtzii And Three Candidate Species From China And Japan, Scott C. Thomas, Devon Payne, Kevin O. Tamadonfar, Cale O. Seymour, Jian Yu Jiao, Senthil K. Murugapiran, Dengxun Lai, Rebecca Lau, Benjamin P. Bowen, Leslie P. Silva, Katherine B. Louie, Marcel Huntemann, Alicia Clum, Alex Spunde, Manoj Pillay, Krishnaveni Palaniappan, Neha Varghese, Natalia Mikhailova, I. Min Chen, Dimitrios Stamatis, T. B.K. Reddy, Ronan O’Malley, Chris Daum, Nicole Shapiro, Natalia Ivanova, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Tanja Woyke, Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh, Trinity L. Hamilton, Paul Dijkstra, Brian P. Hedlund May 2021

Genomics, Exometabolomics, And Metabolic Probing Reveal Conserved Proteolytic Metabolism Of Thermoflexus Hugenholtzii And Three Candidate Species From China And Japan, Scott C. Thomas, Devon Payne, Kevin O. Tamadonfar, Cale O. Seymour, Jian Yu Jiao, Senthil K. Murugapiran, Dengxun Lai, Rebecca Lau, Benjamin P. Bowen, Leslie P. Silva, Katherine B. Louie, Marcel Huntemann, Alicia Clum, Alex Spunde, Manoj Pillay, Krishnaveni Palaniappan, Neha Varghese, Natalia Mikhailova, I. Min Chen, Dimitrios Stamatis, T. B.K. Reddy, Ronan O’Malley, Chris Daum, Nicole Shapiro, Natalia Ivanova, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Tanja Woyke, Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh, Trinity L. Hamilton, Paul Dijkstra, Brian P. Hedlund

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Thermoflexus hugenholtzii JAD2 , the only cultured representative of the Chloroflexota order Thermoflexales, is abundant in Great Boiling Spring (GBS), NV, United States, and close relatives inhabit geothermal systems globally. However, no defined medium exists for T. hugenholtzii JAD2 and no single carbon source is known to support its growth, leaving key knowledge gaps in its metabolism and nutritional needs. Here, we report comparative genomic analysis of the draft genome of T. hugenholtzii JAD2 and eight closely related metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from geothermal sites in China, Japan, and the United States, representing “Candidatus Thermoflexus japonica,” “Candidatus Thermoflexus tengchongensis,” and “Candidatus …


Genomic Analysis Of Paenibacillus Larvae Bacteriophages, Casey Stamereilers May 2021

Genomic Analysis Of Paenibacillus Larvae Bacteriophages, Casey Stamereilers

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

American Foulbrood is the most destructive bacterial infection of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and is caused by the Gram-positive, spore forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. Current treatment methods rely on antibiotics, but antibiotics treatments are experiencing a reduction in efficacy due to the recent rise in antibiotic resistant strains of P. larvae. This has been a major catalyst for exploration of alternative treatment methods. Phage therapy is an alternative treatment method that uses viruses that exclusively infect bacteria, known as bacteriophages (phages), to combat bacterial infections. Several experimental studies have shown that phages P. larvae phages are effective at lysing P. …


Rewired Pathways And Disrupted Pathway Crosstalk In Schizophrenia Transcriptomes By Multiple Differential Coexpression Methods, Hui Yu, Yan Guo, Jingchun Chen, Xiangning Chen, Peilin Jia, Zhongming Zhao Apr 2021

Rewired Pathways And Disrupted Pathway Crosstalk In Schizophrenia Transcriptomes By Multiple Differential Coexpression Methods, Hui Yu, Yan Guo, Jingchun Chen, Xiangning Chen, Peilin Jia, Zhongming Zhao

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Transcriptomic studies of mental disorders using the human brain tissues have been limited, and gene expression signatures in schizophrenia (SCZ) remain elusive. In this study, we applied three differential co-expression methods to analyze five transcriptomic datasets (three RNA-Seq and two microarray datasets) derived from SCZ and matched normal postmortem brain samples. We aimed to uncover biological pathways where internal correlation structure was rewired or intercoordination was disrupted in SCZ. In total, we identified 60 rewired pathways, many of which were related to neurotransmitter, synapse, immune, and cell adhesion. We found the hub genes, which were on the center of rewired …


A Novel Jumbo Phage Phima05 Inhibits Harmful Microcystis Sp., Ampapan Naknaen, Oramas Suttinun, Komwit Surachat, Eakalak Khan, Rattanaruji Pomwised Apr 2021

A Novel Jumbo Phage Phima05 Inhibits Harmful Microcystis Sp., Ampapan Naknaen, Oramas Suttinun, Komwit Surachat, Eakalak Khan, Rattanaruji Pomwised

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Microcystis poses a concern because of its potential contribution to eutrophication and production of microcystins (MCs). Phage treatment has been proposed as a novel biocontrol method for Microcystis. Here, we isolated a lytic cyanophage named PhiMa05 with high efficiency against MCs-producing Microcystis strains. Its burst size was large, with approximately 127 phage particles/infected cell, a short latent period (1 day), and high stability to broad salinity, pH and temperature ranges. The PhiMa05 structure was composed of an icosahedral capsid (100 nm) and tail (120 nm), suggesting that the PhiMa05 belongs to the Myoviridae family. PhiMa05 inhibited both planktonic and aggregated …


A Whole-Genome Scan For Association With Invasion Success In The Fruit Fly Drosophila Suzukii Using Contrasts Of Allele Frequencies Corrected For Population Structure, Laure Olazcuaga, Anne Loiseau, Hugues Parrinello, Mathilde Paris, Antoine Fraimout, Christelle Guedot, Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Marc Kenis, Jinping Zhang, Xiao Chen, Nicolas Borowiec, Benoit Facon, Heidrun Vogt, Donald K. Price, Heiko Vogel, Benjamin Prud'homme, Arnaud Estoup, Mathieu Gautier Apr 2021

A Whole-Genome Scan For Association With Invasion Success In The Fruit Fly Drosophila Suzukii Using Contrasts Of Allele Frequencies Corrected For Population Structure, Laure Olazcuaga, Anne Loiseau, Hugues Parrinello, Mathilde Paris, Antoine Fraimout, Christelle Guedot, Lauren M. Diepenbrock, Marc Kenis, Jinping Zhang, Xiao Chen, Nicolas Borowiec, Benoit Facon, Heidrun Vogt, Donald K. Price, Heiko Vogel, Benjamin Prud'homme, Arnaud Estoup, Mathieu Gautier

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Evidence is accumulating that evolutionary changes are not only common during biological invasions but may also contribute directly to invasion success. The genomic basis of such changes is still largely unexplored. Yet, understanding the genomic response to invasion may help to predict the conditions under which invasiveness can be enhanced or suppressed. Here, we characterized the genome response of the spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii during the worldwide invasion of this pest insect species, by conducting a genome-wide association study to identify genes involved in adaptive processes during invasion. Genomic data from 22 population samples were analyzed to detect genetic …


A Timeline Of Oculocutaneous Albinism, Mohammed Abushanab, Maria Ceroni, Kimberly Morán Apr 2021

A Timeline Of Oculocutaneous Albinism, Mohammed Abushanab, Maria Ceroni, Kimberly Morán

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

The purpose of this research timeline is to synthesize the natural history of Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA), discover gaps in knowledge, as well as understand the genes and mutations that incite the disease. It is through methods of literature-based research that we found the earliest recognition of OCA and investigated it up to its most current state of research. The rate of research remains steady and continuous with the focus varying widely; either by examining more of the genes involved in the disease or by taking more in-depth looks at mutational analyses of genes that are already observed to be linked …


An Investigation On The History And Current Research Of Fragile X Syndrome, Makeda Asare, Isabelle Avenido, Maxene Vergonia-Fehlman Apr 2021

An Investigation On The History And Current Research Of Fragile X Syndrome, Makeda Asare, Isabelle Avenido, Maxene Vergonia-Fehlman

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

The purpose of this research is to synthesize the history of Fragile X Syndrome through literature-based research in order to assess the scope of research, population variation, social impact, and treatment. Fragile X was first documented in 1943 by Dr. Julia Bell and Dr. James Purdon Martin in a report of a family case study in which eleven males across two generations showed symptoms of intellectual disabilities. Fragile X Syndrome is an X-linked disorder caused by mutation in the Fragile X mental retardation 1(FMR1) gene on chromosome Xq27.3. The FMR1 mutations are triplet repeat expansion of the CGG repeat sequences …


The History And Future Of Cystic Fibrosis, Randall Combs, Che Fung Andy Chan, Daisy Sahagun Apr 2021

The History And Future Of Cystic Fibrosis, Randall Combs, Che Fung Andy Chan, Daisy Sahagun

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

The purpose of this research timeline is to highlight the tumultuous yet inspiring history of Cystic Fibrosis disease and treatment to give us a more pragmatic understanding of its current state. Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease, most often caused by a single amino-acid deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 in the nucleotide binding domain, which results in a loss of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Symptomatology varies considerably but a buildup of mucus in the respiratory tract leading to lung failure, and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency which results in digestive and metabolic dysfunction are commonly, if not …


Retinoblastoma: Past, Present, And Future, Izabela Daneva, Crysty-Ann Olaco, Albert Tran Apr 2021

Retinoblastoma: Past, Present, And Future, Izabela Daneva, Crysty-Ann Olaco, Albert Tran

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

The purpose of this research timeline is to synthesize the natural history of retinoblastoma to understand its societal effects and develop a public health message to raise awareness of the disease. We used literature-based research in order to gain an understanding about the discovery of this disease and investigate its most current state of knowledge. Retinoblastoma is an intraocular cancer that manifests early in childhood. It is typically linked to a somatic or germline insertion, deletion, or single-base substitution mutation on both alleles of RB1, a tumor-suppressor gene. Retinoblastoma was first identified in 1809 by James Wardrop, and since then, …


Study Of Sickle Cell Disease, Aaron Guevarra, Carlos Herrera, Faysal Ali Apr 2021

Study Of Sickle Cell Disease, Aaron Guevarra, Carlos Herrera, Faysal Ali

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

The purpose of this research timeline is to explore the history, prevalence, and effects of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) so that treatments and possible future experiments or cures may be discussed. In SCD, abnormal red blood cells appear as sickle shaped as opposed to the round shape of normal red blood cells. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, so an individual must inherit two copies of the allele. The gene mutation is a single nucleotide mutation in the gene which codes for β-globin. In 1910, James B. Herrick first described the disease, and in 1949, its inheritance pattern …


Multimodal Single-Cell/Nucleus Rna Sequencing Data Analysis Uncovers Molecular Networks Between Disease-Associated Microglia And Astrocytes With Implications For Drug Repurposing In Alzheimer’S Disease, Jielin Xu, Pengyue Zhang, Yin Huang, Yadi Zhou, Yuan Hou, Lynn M. Bekris, Justin Lathia, Chien-Wei Chiang, Lang Li, Andrew A. Pieper, James B. Leverenz, Jeffrey Cummings, Feixiong Cheng Feb 2021

Multimodal Single-Cell/Nucleus Rna Sequencing Data Analysis Uncovers Molecular Networks Between Disease-Associated Microglia And Astrocytes With Implications For Drug Repurposing In Alzheimer’S Disease, Jielin Xu, Pengyue Zhang, Yin Huang, Yadi Zhou, Yuan Hou, Lynn M. Bekris, Justin Lathia, Chien-Wei Chiang, Lang Li, Andrew A. Pieper, James B. Leverenz, Jeffrey Cummings, Feixiong Cheng

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Because disease-associated microglia (DAM) and disease-associated astrocytes (DAA) are involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we systematically identified molecular networks between DAM and DAA to uncover novel therapeutic targets for AD. Specifically, we develop a network-based methodology that leverages single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing data from both transgenic mouse models and AD patient brains, as well as drug-target network, metaboliteenzyme associations, the human protein-protein interactome, and large-scale longitudinal patient data. Through this approach, we find both common and unique gene network regulators between DAM (i.e., PAK1, MAPK14, and CSF1R) and DAA (i.e., NFKB1, FOS, and JUN) that are significantly enriched …


Machine Learning Approaches For The Prediction Of Bone Mineral Density By Using Genomic And Phenotypic Data Of 5130 Older Men, Qing Wu, Fatma Nasoz, Jongyun Jung, Bibek Bhattarai, Mira V. Han, Robert A. Greenes, Kenneth G. Saag Feb 2021

Machine Learning Approaches For The Prediction Of Bone Mineral Density By Using Genomic And Phenotypic Data Of 5130 Older Men, Qing Wu, Fatma Nasoz, Jongyun Jung, Bibek Bhattarai, Mira V. Han, Robert A. Greenes, Kenneth G. Saag

School of Medicine Faculty Research

The study aimed to utilize machine learning (ML) approaches and genomic data to develop a prediction model for bone mineral density (BMD) and identify the best modeling approach for BMD prediction. The genomic and phenotypic data of Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (n = 5130) was analyzed. Genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 1103 associated SNPs for each participant after a comprehensive genotype imputation. Data were normalized and divided into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%) for analysis. Random forest, gradient boosting, neural network, and linear regression were used to develop BMD prediction models separately. Ten-fold …


Bayesian Variable Selection Methods For Genome-Wide Association Studies With Categorical Phenotypes, Benazir Rowe Dec 2020

Bayesian Variable Selection Methods For Genome-Wide Association Studies With Categorical Phenotypes, Benazir Rowe

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) attempt to find the associations between genetic markers and studied traits (phenotypes). The problem of GWAS is complex and various methods have been developed to approach it. One of such methods is Bayesian variable selection (BVS). We describe the BVS methods in detail and demonstrate the ability of BVS method Posterior Inference via Model Averaging and Subset Selection (piMASS) to improve the power of detecting phenotype-associated genetic loci, potentially leading to new discoveries from existing data without increasing the sample size.

We present several ways to improve and extend the applicability of piMASS for GWAS. The …


A Genomic Catalog Of Earth’S Microbiomes, Brian Hedlund, More Than 200 Other International Authors Nov 2020

A Genomic Catalog Of Earth’S Microbiomes, Brian Hedlund, More Than 200 Other International Authors

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for …


Identification Of De Novo Mutations In Prenatal Neurodevelopment-Associated Genes In Schizophrenia In Two Han Chinese Patient-Sibling Family-Based Cohorts, Shan Jiang, Daizhan Zhou, Yin-Ying Wang, Peilin Jia, Chunling Wan, Xingwang Li, Guang He, Dongmei Cao, Xiaoqian Jiang, Kenneth S. Kendler, Ming Tsuang, Travis Mize, Jain-Shing Wu, Yimei Lu, Lin He, Jingchun Chen, Zhongming Zhao, Xiangning Chen Sep 2020

Identification Of De Novo Mutations In Prenatal Neurodevelopment-Associated Genes In Schizophrenia In Two Han Chinese Patient-Sibling Family-Based Cohorts, Shan Jiang, Daizhan Zhou, Yin-Ying Wang, Peilin Jia, Chunling Wan, Xingwang Li, Guang He, Dongmei Cao, Xiaoqian Jiang, Kenneth S. Kendler, Ming Tsuang, Travis Mize, Jain-Shing Wu, Yimei Lu, Lin He, Jingchun Chen, Zhongming Zhao, Xiangning Chen

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. High heritability of SCZ suggests a major role for transmitted genetic variants. Furthermore, SCZ is also associated with a marked reduction in fecundity, leading to the hypothesis that alleles with large effects on risk might often occur de novo. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing for 23 families from two cohorts with unaffected siblings and parents. Two nonsense de novo mutations (DNMs) in GJC1 and HIST1H2AD were identified in SCZ patients. Ten genes (DPYSL2, NBPF1, SDK1, ZNF595, ZNF718, GCNT2, SNX9, AACS, KCNQ1, and MSI2) were found to …


Analysis Of Genomic Sequence Data Reveals The Origin And Evolutionary Separation Of Hawaiian Hoary Bat Populations, Corinna A. Pinzari, Lin Kang, Pawel Michalak, Lars S. Jermiin, Donald K. Price, Frank J. Bonaccorso Aug 2020

Analysis Of Genomic Sequence Data Reveals The Origin And Evolutionary Separation Of Hawaiian Hoary Bat Populations, Corinna A. Pinzari, Lin Kang, Pawel Michalak, Lars S. Jermiin, Donald K. Price, Frank J. Bonaccorso

Life Sciences Faculty Research

We examine the genetic history and population status of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus semotus), the most isolated bats on Earth, and their relationship to northern hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), through whole-genome analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms mapped to a de novo-assembled reference genome. Profiles of genomic diversity and divergence indicate that Hawaiian hoary bats are distinct from northern hoary bats, and form a monophyletic group, indicating a single ancestral colonization event 1.34 Ma, followed by substantial divergence between islands beginning 0.51 Ma. Phylogenetic analysis indicates Maui is central to the radiation across the archipelago, with the southward expansion to Hawai‘i and …


Transposable Element Expression In Human Embryo Single-Cell Rna-Seq Data, Corinne Sexton Aug 2020

Transposable Element Expression In Human Embryo Single-Cell Rna-Seq Data, Corinne Sexton

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Transposable elements (TEs) are genetic sequences which are mobile within the genome, including DNA transposons and retrotransposons. Though the vast majority are no longer able to move or duplicate in humans, they still are actively transcribed in both germline and somatic cells, particularly in early human development. TEs are expressed in an extremely cell-type and stage specific pattern during embryogenesis, suggesting that they may either have a regulatory role in the cell or be transcribed along with cell-specific genes. However, earlier studies have focused on hESC models or early embryos up to day 6, with differing patterns of TE expression. …


An Investigation Into Multi-View Error Correcting Output Code Classifiers Applied To Organ Tissue Classification, Daniel Alvarez Aug 2020

An Investigation Into Multi-View Error Correcting Output Code Classifiers Applied To Organ Tissue Classification, Daniel Alvarez

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Large amounts of data is being generated constantly each day, so much data that it is difficult to find patterns in order to predict outcomes and make decisions for both humans and machines alike. It would be useful if this data could be simplified using machine learning techniques. For example, biological cell identity is dependent on many factors tied to genetic processes. Such factors include proteins, gene transcription, and gene methylation. Each of these factors are highly complex mechanism with immense amounts of data. Simplifying these can then be helpful in finding patterns in them. Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) does …


Machine Learning Approaches For Fracture Risk Assessment: A Comparative Analysis Of Genomic And Phenotypic Data In 5130 Older Men, Qing Wu, Fatma Nasoz, Jongyun Jung, Bibek Bhattarai, Mira V. Han Jul 2020

Machine Learning Approaches For Fracture Risk Assessment: A Comparative Analysis Of Genomic And Phenotypic Data In 5130 Older Men, Qing Wu, Fatma Nasoz, Jongyun Jung, Bibek Bhattarai, Mira V. Han

School of Public Health Faculty Research

The study aims were to develop fracture prediction models by using machine learning approaches and genomic data, as well as to identify the best modeling approach for fracture prediction. The genomic data of Osteoporotic Fractures in Men, cohort Study (n = 5130), were analyzed. After a comprehensive genotype imputation, genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated from 1103 associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for each participant. Data were normalized and split into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%) for analysis. Random forest, gradient boosting, neural network, and logistic regression were used to develop prediction models for major osteoporotic fractures …


Identifying Pleiotropic Snps Associated With Femoral Neck And Heel Bone Mineral Density, Pei He, Xinag-He Ming, Xiao Zhang, Xu Lin, Qiang Zhang, Ri-Li Jiang, Martin R. Schiller, Fei-Yan Deng, Hong-Wen Deng Jul 2020

Identifying Pleiotropic Snps Associated With Femoral Neck And Heel Bone Mineral Density, Pei He, Xinag-He Ming, Xiao Zhang, Xu Lin, Qiang Zhang, Ri-Li Jiang, Martin R. Schiller, Fei-Yan Deng, Hong-Wen Deng

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) routinely identify loci associated with risk factors for osteoporosis. However, GWASs with relatively small sample sizes still lack sufficient power to ascertain the majority of genetic variants with small to modest effect size, which may together truly influence the phenotype. The loci identified only account for a small percentage of the heritability of osteoporosis. This study aims to identify novel genetic loci associated with DXA-derived femoral neck (FNK) bone mineral density (BMD) and quantitative ultrasound of the heel calcaneus estimated BMD (eBMD), and to detect shared/causal variants for the two traits, to assess whether the …


Genomic Diversity Of Bacteriophages Infecting Microbacterium Spp, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Lawrence A. Abad, Richard M. Alvey, Kirk R. Anders, Haley G. Aull, Suparna S. Bhalla, Lawrence S. Blumer, David W. Bollivar, J. Alfred Bonilla, Kristen A. Butela, Roy J. Coomans, Steven G. Cresawn, Tom D'Elia, Arturo Diaz, Ashley M. Divens, Nicholas P. Edgington, Gregory D. Frederick, Maria D. Gainey, Rebecca A. Garlena, Kenneth W. Grant, Susan M.R. Gurney, Heather L. Hendrickson, Lee E. Hughes, Margaret A. Kenna, Karen K. Klyczek, Hari Kotturi, Travis Mavrich, Angela L. Mckinney, Evan C. Merkhofer, Jordan Moberg Parker, Sally D. Molloy Jun 2020

Genomic Diversity Of Bacteriophages Infecting Microbacterium Spp, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Lawrence A. Abad, Richard M. Alvey, Kirk R. Anders, Haley G. Aull, Suparna S. Bhalla, Lawrence S. Blumer, David W. Bollivar, J. Alfred Bonilla, Kristen A. Butela, Roy J. Coomans, Steven G. Cresawn, Tom D'Elia, Arturo Diaz, Ashley M. Divens, Nicholas P. Edgington, Gregory D. Frederick, Maria D. Gainey, Rebecca A. Garlena, Kenneth W. Grant, Susan M.R. Gurney, Heather L. Hendrickson, Lee E. Hughes, Margaret A. Kenna, Karen K. Klyczek, Hari Kotturi, Travis Mavrich, Angela L. Mckinney, Evan C. Merkhofer, Jordan Moberg Parker, Sally D. Molloy

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The bacteriophage population is vast, dynamic, old, and genetically diverse. The genomics of phages that infect bacterial hosts in the phylum Actinobacteria show them to not only be diverse but also pervasively mosaic, and replete with genes of unknown function. To further explore this broad group of bacteriophages, we describe here the isolation and genomic characterization of 116 phages that infect Microbacterium spp. Most of the phages are lytic, and can be grouped into twelve clusters according to their overall relatedness; seven of the phages are singletons with no close relatives. Genome sizes vary from 17.3 kbp to 97.7 kbp, …


The Significance Of Mfd And Oxidative Damage In Stationary-Phase Mutagenesis In Bacillus Subtilis, Holly Anne Martin May 2020

The Significance Of Mfd And Oxidative Damage In Stationary-Phase Mutagenesis In Bacillus Subtilis, Holly Anne Martin

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The process of stationary-phase mutagenesis, also known as adaptative or stress-induced mutagenesis, is a phenomenon where bacterial cells accumulate mutations in non-replicative conditions. This process has mainly been studied in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis; however, the underlying mechanisms found in each of these systems differ. Here, I use B.msubtilis to study previously understudied aspects of stationary-phase mutagenesis. In this dissertation, I describe work that has led to three major discoveries which are described below.

First in B. subtilis, Mfd is important for stationary-phase mutagenesis and its mutagenic function at regions of the genome that are transcriptionally upregulated has been …


Microrna Profiling In The Weddell Seal Suggests Novel Regulatory Mechanisms Contributing To Diving Adaptation, Luca Penso-Dolfin, Wilfried Haerty, Allyson Hindle, Federica Di Palma Apr 2020

Microrna Profiling In The Weddell Seal Suggests Novel Regulatory Mechanisms Contributing To Diving Adaptation, Luca Penso-Dolfin, Wilfried Haerty, Allyson Hindle, Federica Di Palma

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Background:The Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) represents a remarkable example of adaptation to diving among marine mammals. This species is capable of diving... (See full abstract in article).


Ensemble Modeling Of Auditory Streaming Reveals Potential Sources Of Bistability Across The Perceptual Hierarchy, David F. Little, Joel S. Snyder, Mounya Elhilali Apr 2020

Ensemble Modeling Of Auditory Streaming Reveals Potential Sources Of Bistability Across The Perceptual Hierarchy, David F. Little, Joel S. Snyder, Mounya Elhilali

Psychology Faculty Research

Perceptual bistability—the spontaneous, irregular fluctuation of perception between two interpretations of a stimulus—occurs when observing a large variety of ambiguous stimulus configurations. This phenomenon has the potential to serve as a tool for, among other things, understanding how function varies across individuals due to the large individual differences that manifest during perceptual bistability. Yet it remains difficult to interpret the functional processes at work, without knowing where bistability arises during perception. In this study we explore the hypothesis that bistability originates from multiple sources distributed across the perceptual hierarchy. We develop a hierarchical model of auditory processing comprised of three …


The Bacillus Subtilis K-State Promotes Stationary-Phase Mutagenesis Via Oxidative Damage, Holly A. Martin, Amanda A. Kidman, Jillian Socea, Carmen Vallin, Mario Pedraza-Reyes, Eduardo A. Robleto Feb 2020

The Bacillus Subtilis K-State Promotes Stationary-Phase Mutagenesis Via Oxidative Damage, Holly A. Martin, Amanda A. Kidman, Jillian Socea, Carmen Vallin, Mario Pedraza-Reyes, Eduardo A. Robleto

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Bacterial cells develop mutations in the absence of cellular division through a process known as stationary-phase or stress-induced mutagenesis. This phenomenon has been studied in a few bacterial models, including Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis; however, the underlying mechanisms between these systems differ. For instance, RecA is not required for stationary-phase mutagenesis in B. subtilis like it is in E. coli. In B. subtilis, RecA is essential to the process of genetic transformation in the subpopulation of cells that become naturally competent in conditions of stress. Interestingly, the transcriptional regulator ComK, which controls the development of competence, does influence the …


Complete Genome Sequence Of Strain Bw-2, A Magnetotactic Gammaproteobacterium In The Family , Isolated From A Brackish Spring In Death Valley, California, Corey Geurink, Christopher T. Lefevre, Caroline L. Monteil, Viviana Morillo-Lopez, Fernanda Abreu, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Denis Trubitsyn Jan 2020

Complete Genome Sequence Of Strain Bw-2, A Magnetotactic Gammaproteobacterium In The Family , Isolated From A Brackish Spring In Death Valley, California, Corey Geurink, Christopher T. Lefevre, Caroline L. Monteil, Viviana Morillo-Lopez, Fernanda Abreu, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Denis Trubitsyn

Life Sciences Faculty Research

We report the complete 4.1-Mb genome sequence of strain BW-2, a magnetotactic, sulfur-oxidizing rod, belonging to the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria, that biomineralizes membrane-bounded magnetite nanocrystals in its magnetosomes. This genome sequence, in comparison with those of other magnetotactic bacteria, is essential for understanding the origin and evolution of magnetotaxis and magnetosome biomineralization.


Magnetosome Gene Duplication As An Important Driver In The Evolution Of Magnetotaxis In The Alphaproteobacteria, Haijian Du, Wenyan Zhang, Wensi Zhang, Weijia Zhang, Hongmiao Pan, Yongxin Pan, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Long-Fei Wu, Tian Xiao, Wei Lin Oct 2019

Magnetosome Gene Duplication As An Important Driver In The Evolution Of Magnetotaxis In The Alphaproteobacteria, Haijian Du, Wenyan Zhang, Wensi Zhang, Weijia Zhang, Hongmiao Pan, Yongxin Pan, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Long-Fei Wu, Tian Xiao, Wei Lin

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The evolution of microbial magnetoreception (or magnetotaxis) is of great interest in the fields of microbiology, evolutionary biology, biophysics, geomicrobiology, and geochemistry. Current genomic data from magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the only prokaryotes known to be capable of sensing the Earth’s geomagnetic field, suggests an ancient origin of magnetotaxis in the domain Bacteria. Vertical inheritance, followed by multiple independent magnetosome gene cluster loss, is considered to be one of the major forces that drove the evolution of magnetotaxis at or above the class or phylum level, although the evolutionary trajectories at lower taxonomic ranks (e.g., within the class level) remain largely …


Correction To: Transcriptome Analyses Of Tumor-Adjacent Somatic Tissues Reveal Genes Co-Expressed With Transposable Elements, Micky Chung, G. M. Jonaid, Sophia Quinton, Austin Ross, Corinne E. Sexton, Adrian Alberto, Cody Clymer, Daphnie Churchill, Omar Navarro Leija, Mira V. Han Oct 2019

Correction To: Transcriptome Analyses Of Tumor-Adjacent Somatic Tissues Reveal Genes Co-Expressed With Transposable Elements, Micky Chung, G. M. Jonaid, Sophia Quinton, Austin Ross, Corinne E. Sexton, Adrian Alberto, Cody Clymer, Daphnie Churchill, Omar Navarro Leija, Mira V. Han

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported errors in Table 2 wherein all “KZFP” in the gene names should be changed to “ZNF”.


Complete Genome Sequences Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis Phages Nihilnomen And Carlyle, Isolated In Las Vegas, Nevada, Alicia Salisbury, Ryan Doss, Astha Mehta, Khadija Bhatti, Ciera Dapra, Audrey Huntsinger, Stephanie Rodriguez, Scott Yacek, Rylee Sandberg, Alexis Gildore, Jacinda Knudtson, Frances Tibayan, Tiannah Ohta, Neha Zafar, Guadalupe Mercado, Alan Le, Natalie Mekhaeel, Justin Willer, Edith Rodrich-Zuniga, Merissa Mcfarland, Kurt Regner, Christy Strong, Phillippos K. Tsourkas Sep 2019

Complete Genome Sequences Of Mycobacterium Smegmatis Phages Nihilnomen And Carlyle, Isolated In Las Vegas, Nevada, Alicia Salisbury, Ryan Doss, Astha Mehta, Khadija Bhatti, Ciera Dapra, Audrey Huntsinger, Stephanie Rodriguez, Scott Yacek, Rylee Sandberg, Alexis Gildore, Jacinda Knudtson, Frances Tibayan, Tiannah Ohta, Neha Zafar, Guadalupe Mercado, Alan Le, Natalie Mekhaeel, Justin Willer, Edith Rodrich-Zuniga, Merissa Mcfarland, Kurt Regner, Christy Strong, Phillippos K. Tsourkas

Life Sciences Faculty Research

We present the complete genomes of the Mycobacterium smegmatis phages Carlyle and NihilNomen, isolated from soil in Las Vegas, Nevada. The phages were isolated and annotated by undergraduate students enrolled in the Phage Discovery course offered by the School of Life Sciences at the University of Nevada Las Vegas.