Genetics and Genomics | Open Access Articles

Application Of Microsatellite/Ssr Markers For The Identification Of Peach Rootstocks And Chromosomal Regions Associated With The Response To Peach Tree Short Life Syndrome, Xiaoyu Liu

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Peach Tree Short Life (PTSL) is a complicated disease syndrome involving nematodes, temperature, soil conditions, pruning and secondary pathogens. The disease occurs commonly in the southeastern U.S., and possibly in other areas of the U.S., Europe, South America and South Africa as the related Bacterial Canker Complex. PTSL causes premature tree death during the 3rd or 4th year after planting, resulting in large economic losses for growers. Recently, Guardian® &lsquo BY520-9&rsquo rootstock was selected for its tolerance to PTSL; however, the genetic basis for this tolerance remains unknown.
Nemaguard, a PTSL susceptible rootstock, and Guardian® selection 3-17-7 were crossed. Each …

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Utilizing Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification To Detect Novel X-Linked Microduplications Which Cause Intellectual Disability, Dianne Cohn

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ABSTRACT
A number of conditions related to X-linked intellectual disabilities (XLID) are in part due to microduplications that are not visible cytogenetically. With the focus on Rho, Ras and Rab genes, a family of genes known to be associated with intellectual disabilities, were screened for dosage aberrations (Leeuwen, F. N. 1997), (Ng, E. L. 2008), (Gissen, P. 2007), (Gurkan, C. 2005). Cohorts of intellectually disabled ID individuals were explored with new technologies. These new technologies include comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) (Madrigal, I. 2007), (Hermsen, M. A. 2005), (Morey, J. S. …

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Identifying The Cis-Acting Sugar Response Elements That Facilitate Glucose Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Frank Barretta, Jr.

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Identifying the initial sugar sensing and response activating mechanisms in plants has been difficult due to the dual functions of sugars as nutrients and as signaling molecules. In this study, we have examined transcript expression and promoter features of different genes encoding proteins for actin remodeling that have been implicated as targets of plant glucose signaling. Using Reverse Transcription PCR analysis, we confirmed that expression of two actin-associated genes, actin depolymerizing factor 9 (ADF9) and actin related protein 8 (ARP8), are repressed following a short-term glucose treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Glucose did not repress the expression of other ADF …

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Functional Characterization Of Hexokinase-Like 1 (Hkl1) From Arabidopsis Thaliana, Abhijit Karve

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Arabidopsis hexokinase1 (AtHXK1) is a moonlighting protein with roles in both glucose signaling and catalysis. In this study, we first cloned and characterized the six HXK related genes from Arabidopsis. Three of the six encoded proteins were shown not to phosphorylate hexoses and thus, are designated as hexokinase-like (HKL) proteins. Though they are only 50% identical to HXK1, the amino acid sequences of HKL1 and HKL2 both have well conserved glucose binding domains and other recognized structural elements. The possible basis for their lack of catalytic activity was further probed by site-directed mutagenesis and ultimately was attributed to a suite …

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Dna Methylation And Promoter Sequence Analysis Of Colon Cancer Genes, Fang Wang

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Aberrant DNA methylation in the genome is associated with human cancers. Tumor cells can undergo an overall loss of DNA methylation in non-coding repetitive regions (including the Alu elements) and at the same time maintain hypermethylation in the CpG islands in promoter region of multiple genes. We are interested in understanding the pattern of DNA methylation in the promoters of genes that may mediate the tumor genesis in colon cells. Recent literature survey suggested that about two dozens of genes, when mutated or undergone changes in DNA methylation, can directly promote the development of colon cancers. We downloaded the promoter …

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Insight Into The Origins Of The Rumex Acetosa Sex Chromosomes And Mechanisms Causing Dimorphism, Samuel Forrest

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Sex conferring chromosomes are subject to rapid change throughout evolution. Y-chromosomes (male determining) are subject to extensive chromatin remodeling and higher mutation rates than the autosomes being that recombination with the X chromosome is inhibited in many regions. The non-recombining regions comprise varying proportions of Y chromosomes from species to species and they are subject to mutation acquisition including both deletions and insertions. Recently it has been shown that these insertion mutations include repetitive DNA such as satellite DNA sequences (satDNA) and transposable elements. It is thought that Y chromosomes go through many rounds of expansion and contraction throughout evolution …

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The Lss Supernodulation Mutant In Medicago Truncatula: Genetics, Characterization And Mapping, Arijit Mukherjee

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The symbiotic association between legumes and nitrogen fixing rhizobia culminates in the formation of root nodules. Legumes control the extent of root nodule formation through a regulatory mechanism in which nodulating roots induce a shoot response that signals back to the roots, inhibiting further nodule initiation. Disruption of genes involved in this regulatory process lead to super or hypernodulation. The lss (like sunn supernodulator) mutant of Medicago truncatula has been identified as a naturally occurring supernodulation mutation in the Jemalong cultivar. The phenotype of lss is practically indistinguishable from the phenotype of the previously isolated sunn mutant with respect to …

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Functional Genomics Of The Angiotensin Ii Type 2 Receptor In The Developing Brain, Traci Pawlowski

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The mammalian brain expresses two angiotensin II specific receptors, the angiotensin II type 1 (AGTR1) and type 2 (AGTR2). Studies in humans and mice indicate a possible role for AGTR2 in learning, memory and behavior. However, AGTR2 gene function in the brain, and the molecular mechanisms by which AGTR2 exerts its physiological action, remains elusive. This study examines the possible role of AGTR2 in the developing brain and in brain function by employing three different approaches.
To identify genes in the developing brain that depend on AGTR2 function, a microarray analysis was conducted that compared the gene expression of Agtr2-/y …

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Chloroplast Comparative Genomics: Implications For Phylogeny, Evolution, And Biotechnology, Christopher Saski

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Lack of complete chloroplast genome sequences is still a limiting factor determining phylogenetic relationships, discerning evolutionary forces, and extending chloroplast genetic engineering to useful crops. Therefore, the chloroplast genomes from six economically important crops were isolated and sequenced. The results will have an impact on chloroplast biology and biotechnology.
The complete soybean chloroplast genome was compared to the other completely sequenced legumes, Lotus and Medicago. The rpl22 gene was found to be missing from all three legumes, a very informative phylogenetic marker. There is a single, large inversion changing the gene order in the legumes from the typical order found …

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Functional Characterization Of Ectodysplasin-1 And Identification Of Novel Candidate Genes For Ectodermal Dysplasias And Associated Clinical Features, Bradley Griggs

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Ectodermal dysplasias (ED) are a group of developmental disorders in which ectodermally derived structures are abnormally formed or absent entirely. The molecular signaling pathway controlling the differentiation of ectodermal appendages has been well documented in recent years. However, questions remain concerning the key signaling molecule of this pathway, ectodysplasin-1 (EDA), the identity of the EDA signaling pathway's target genes, and the presence of additional phenotypes observed in some patients.
Despite the intensive study of EDA in recent years, the functional significance of the N-terminal intracellular domain of ectodysplasin-1 (N-EDA) has remained elusive. The yeast two-hybrid system was employed to further …

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Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences Of Hordeum Vulgare, Sorghum Bicolor And Agrostis Stolonifera, And Comparative Analyses With Other Grass Genomes, Susanna Ashton, Seung-Bum Lee, Siri Fjellheim, Chittibabu Guda, Robert K. Jansen, Hong Luo, Jeffrey Tomkins, Odd Arne Rognli, Henry Daniell, Jihong Liu Clarke

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Comparisons of complete chloroplast genome sequences of Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor and Agrostis stolonifera to six published grass chloroplast genomes reveal that gene content and order are similar but two microstructural changes have occurred. First, the expansion of the IR at the SSC/IRa boundary that duplicates a portion of the 5′ end of ndhH is restricted to the three genera of the subfamily Pooideae (Agrostis, Hordeum and Triticum). Second, a 6 bp deletion in ndhK is shared by Agrostis, Hordeum, Oryza and Triticum, and this event supports the sister relationship between the subfamilies …

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Involvement Of Coenzyme M During Aerobic Biodegradation Of Vinyl Chloride And Ethene By Pseudomonas Putida Strain Aj And Ochrobactrum Sp. Strain Td†, Anthony S. Danko, Christopher Saski, Jeffrey P. Tomkins, David L. Freeman

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The involvement of coenzyme M in aerobic biodegradation of vinyl chloride and ethene in Pseudomonas putida strain AJ and Ochrobactrum sp. strain TD was demonstrated using PCR, hybridization, and enzyme assays. The results of this study extend the range of eubacteria known to use epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase.

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Phylogenetic Analyses Of Vitis (Vitaceae) Based On Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences: Effects Of Taxon Sampling And Phylogenetic Methods On Resolving Relationships Among Rosids, Robert K. Jansen, Charalambos Kaittanis, Christopher Saski, Seung-Bum Lee, Jeffrey Tomkins, Andrew Alverson, Henry Daniell

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The Vitaceae (grape) is an economically important family of angiosperms whose phylogenetic placement is currently unresolved. Recent phylogenetic analyses based on one to several genes have suggested several alternative placements of this family, including sister to Caryophyllales, asterids, Saxifragales, Dilleniaceae or to rest of rosids, though support for these different results has been weak. There has been a recent interest in using complete chloroplast genome sequences for resolving phylogenetic relationships among angiosperms. These studies have clarified relationships among several major lineages but they have also emphasized the importance of taxon sampling and the effects of different phylogenetic methods for obtaining …

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Characterization Of Male Sterility And Polyploidy In Watermelon, Brent Alan Murdock

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No abstract provided.

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Full-Text Articles in Genetics and Genomics

Application Of Microsatellite/Ssr Markers For The Identification Of Peach Rootstocks And Chromosomal Regions Associated With The Response To Peach Tree Short Life Syndrome, Xiaoyu Liu

All Dissertations

Utilizing Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification To Detect Novel X-Linked Microduplications Which Cause Intellectual Disability, Dianne Cohn

All Dissertations

Identifying The Cis-Acting Sugar Response Elements That Facilitate Glucose Signaling In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Frank Barretta, Jr.

All Theses

Functional Characterization Of Hexokinase-Like 1 (Hkl1) From Arabidopsis Thaliana, Abhijit Karve

All Dissertations

Dna Methylation And Promoter Sequence Analysis Of Colon Cancer Genes, Fang Wang

All Theses

Insight Into The Origins Of The Rumex Acetosa Sex Chromosomes And Mechanisms Causing Dimorphism, Samuel Forrest

All Dissertations

The Lss Supernodulation Mutant In Medicago Truncatula: Genetics, Characterization And Mapping, Arijit Mukherjee

All Dissertations

Functional Genomics Of The Angiotensin Ii Type 2 Receptor In The Developing Brain, Traci Pawlowski

All Dissertations

Chloroplast Comparative Genomics: Implications For Phylogeny, Evolution, And Biotechnology, Christopher Saski

All Dissertations

Functional Characterization Of Ectodysplasin-1 And Identification Of Novel Candidate Genes For Ectodermal Dysplasias And Associated Clinical Features, Bradley Griggs

All Dissertations

Publications

Involvement Of Coenzyme M During Aerobic Biodegradation Of Vinyl Chloride And Ethene By Pseudomonas Putida Strain Aj And Ochrobactrum Sp. Strain Td†, Anthony S. Danko, Christopher Saski, Jeffrey P. Tomkins, David L. Freeman

Publications

Publications

Characterization Of Male Sterility And Polyploidy In Watermelon, Brent Alan Murdock

All Dissertations