Forest Biology Commons^™

Invasion Of Exotic Earthworms Into Ecosystems Inhabited By Native Earthworms, P. F. Hendrix, G. H. Baker, M. A. Callaham Jr., G. A. Damoff, C. Fragoso, G. Gonzalez, S. W. James, S. L. Lachnicht, T. Winsome, X. Zou

Faculty Publications

The most conspicuous biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems have been by exotic plants, insects and vertebrates. Invasions by exotic earthworms, although not as well studied, may be increasing with global commerce in agriculture, waste management and bioremediation. A number of cases has documented where invasive earthworms have caused significant changes in soil profiles, nutrient and organic matter dynamics, other soil organisms or plant communities. Most of these cases are in areas that have been disturbed (e.g., agricultural systems) or were previously devoid of earthworms (e.g., north of Pleistocene glacial margins). It is not clear that such effects are common in …

Influence Of Nutrient Availability, Stand Age, And Canopy Structure On Isoprene Flux In A Eucalyptus Saligna Experimental Forest, Jennifer L. Funk, Christian P. Giardina, Alexander Knohl, Manuel T. Lerdau

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Eucalyptus plantations occupy approximately 10 million ha of land in the tropics and, increasingly, afforestation and reforestation projects are relying on this genus to provide rapid occupation of degraded sites, large quantities of high-quality wood products, and high rates of carbon sequestration. Members of the genus Eucalyptus are also very high emitters of isoprene, the dominant volatile organic compound emitted by trees in tropical ecosystems, which significantly influences the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. While fertilization growth response of these trees has been intensively studied, little is known about how fertilization and tree age alter isoprene production from plantations of …

Species Composition And Visitation Frequency Of Birds And Mammals At A Bait Station In Northern Minnesota, Adam Roiko

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors program.

Utah Forest Health Report : A Baseline Assessment 1999 - 2001, Colleen Keyes, Paul Rogers, Leon Lamadeleine, Vick Applegate, Dave Atkins

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

This report addresses forest health in two ways: by discussion of forest-related issues and by data summaries in several appendices. FHM is a long-term monitoring program and therefore, the data presented in this report must be viewed in that light. This report presents a first-time, or baseline summary. Subsequent reports will address changes over time as plots and other detection surveys are conducted and re-measured.

Compositional Trends And Spatial Patterns Over A Quarter Century: Forest Dynamics Of Dobbs Park, Indiana, Nancy Hoalst Pullen

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Thirty-five permanent plots were reexamined to identify and describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of Dobbs Park, an isolated old-growth forest stand in westcentral Indiana. The 3.6 ha stand was resurveyed in summer 2000, with all stems greater than 10 cm dbh measured, and accessions and deaths recorded. The results are compared to original data collected in summer 1974, with compositional and spatial patterns identified via GIS and spatial analysis. The stand has declined slightly in density from 342 stems/ha to 333.15 stems/hectare (-2.6%) while basal area (dominance) for the stand has increased from 23.6 m2/ha to 25.8 m2/ha (+8.8%) …

Determining Differences In The Spatial Distribution Of Forest Structure On The Kaibab Plateau: Implications For Forest Management And The Northern Goshawk, Ryan S. Miller

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

The Kaibab Plateau, in North Central Arizona, has undergone extensive change in the last 100 years due to land management practices such as logging, road building, and fire suppression. The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) has been a center of controversy, due to the potential effects of silvicultural practices on goshawk breeding habitat (Reynolds-1983, Bloom et al 1986, Kennedy 1989, Crocker-Bedford 1990). Current and past research efforts on the Kaibab Plateau have mapped Goshawk nesting territories and temporal change in nesting behavior and success. However, these research efforts have not determined how long-term spatial changes in land-use activities that have influenced …

Climate Change And Forest Disturbances, V. H. Dale, L. A. Joyce, S. Mcnulty, R. P. Neilson, M. P. Ayres, M. D. Flannigan, P. J. Hanson, L. C. Irland, A. E. Lugo, C. J. Peterson, D. Simberloff, F. J. Swanson, B. J. Stocks, B. M. Wotton

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Acorn Foraging As A Means To Explore Human Energetics And Forge Connections To Local Forests, Jeffrey J. Gerwing, Pamela Lockwood, Christopher Uhl

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Jeffrey Gerwing, Pamela Lockwood, and Christopher Uhl describe a rather unusual ecology laboratory/field exercise that utilizes abundant oak habitats of central Pennsylvania. For those readers not blessed with an abundant supply of oaks nearby, perhaps other species could be substituted. The exercise is unusual in two ways. It offers a new undergraduate ecology activity, and it offers opportunities for students to relate other disciplines to their science course.

In "the good old days" of higher education each discipline offered its menu of courses and expected students to make appropriate connections among the courses of their major, minor, and general education. …

Green Canyon Recreation Management Plant, Jesse Evans, Erin Haddock, Todd Tibbetts, Lindsey Topham

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

The purpose of this plan is to look at the way Green Canyon is currently being managed and make recommendations for management based on our findings. Prior to this document, a Landscape Assessment was conducted on Green Canyon. This plan incorporates that assessment but focuses on the recreation management of the canyon. We will discuss history, current management, social conditions, purpose and need, as well as methods we used to go about gathering information. The focus is to identify key issues and concerns within the canyon. Management recommendations will be made based on the issues and concerns identified.

Changes In Small Mammal Community Attributes Associated With Increasing Pine Stand Age In Managed Pine Plantations In Southeastern Virginia, James Douglas Dolan

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Loblolly pine plantations were examined at different ages to identify small mammal community attributes in relation to the succession of the plant community. Forest floor and understory plant communities were characterized. Small mammals were collected by Fitch (live) traps and pitfall traps in four age classes during five seasons of study. Fitch live traps and pitfall traps were used in conjunction with one another to obtain the most accurate depiction of the small mammal community. Fitch traps accounted for 65 % of small mammal captures and 7 of 9 species captured. Small mammal abundance and biomass declined with increasing stand …

Environmental Stress Effects On Vigor, Mortality, And Growth In Northern Hardwood Forests Along A Pollution-Climate Gradient, Neil W. Macdonald, John A. Witter, David R. Reed, Andrew J. Burton, Kurt S. Pregitzer, Hal O. Liechty

Peer Reviewed Publications

Concern exists over the effects of interacting environmental stresses on the ecological integrity of temperate forests. Coincidence of sensitivity to drought, increasing occurrence of defoliation, and elevated pollutant deposition has produced speculation that northern hardwood forests may be susceptible to the increased climatic stresses projected for the Great Lakes region. The objective of our study was to examine relationships among environmental stress factors, vigor, mortality, and growth in northern hardwood forests located along a pollution-climate gradient in the Great Lakes region. Between 1987 and 1993, we quantified climatic variables, pollutant deposition, insect defoliation, and tree vigor and growth at five …

Winter Activity Patterns Of American Martens (Martes Americana): Rejection Of The Hypothesis Of Thermal-Cost Minimization, Gary S. Drew, John A. Bissonette

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

Despite their temperate to subarctic geographic range, American martens (Martes americana) possess a thermally inefficient morphology. The lack of morphological adaptations for reducing thermal costs suggests that marten may use behavioral strategies to optimize thermal budgets. During the winters of 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, we radio-collared and monitored the diel activity of 7 martens. A log-linear model suggested that the presence or absence of light was the only factor associated with marten activity patterns (p < 0.001). A regression of the percentage of active fixes on ambient temperature failed to detect an association (b = -4.45, p = 0.084, n = 12). Contents of marten seats suggested that their activity was consistent with the prey-vulnerability hypothesis. While martens must balance multiple life requisites, their activity patterns suggest that they accept increased thermal costs in order to increase foraging efficiency. However, the nocturnal activity of martens during winter was also consistent with the hypothesis that they may be able to limit their own exposure to predation risk. The nocturnal habits of Newfoundland martens in the winter were consistent with the hypothesis of avoidance of predation risk.

Forest Planning On The National Forests Under Ecosystem Management, John Sessions, K. Norman Johnson

The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked in the Past 20 Years?: Will It Work in the 21st Century? (September 16-18)

17 pages.

Contains 2 pages of references.

Bringing The Aquatic Sciences Into Nfma Framework: Will They Fit?, James Sedell, Kelly Burnett

The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked in the Past 20 Years?: Will It Work in the 21st Century? (September 16-18)

21 pages.

Contains 3 pages of references.

Nfma And Ecosystem Management, Richard L. Knight

The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked in the Past 20 Years?: Will It Work in the 21st Century? (September 16-18)

8 pages.

Contains 1 page of references.

Agenda: The National Forest Management Act In A Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked In The Past 20 Years?: Will It Work In The 21st Century?, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center, Colorado State University, Oregon State University, Pinchot Institute For Conservation, Syracuse University. Maxwell School Of Citizenship And Public Affairs

The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked in the Past 20 Years?: Will It Work in the 21st Century? (September 16-18)

Conference speakers include University of Colorado School of Law professors David H. Getches and Charles F. Wilkinson.

Jack Ward Thomas, Chief of the USDA Forest Service, will be a featured speaker at the Center's annual public lands conference, commemorating the 20th anniversary of the National Forest Management Act. This year's conference is sponsored by Colorado State University, Oregon State University, Pinchot Institute for Conservation, and the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University.

When Congress passed NFMA in 1976, few would have imagined the enormity of the changes in the world in technology, science and population we …

Stories From The Frontlines: How Nfma Developed And Key Players, Robert E. Wolf

The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked in the Past 20 Years?: Will It Work in the 21st Century? (September 16-18)

15 pages.

Framework For Understanding Nfma In A Legal Context, David H. Getches

The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked in the Past 20 Years?: Will It Work in the 21st Century? (September 16-18)

8 pages.

Contains references.

Comparison Of Sapling Community Structure In Created And Natural Forested Wetlands In Southeastern Virginia, Sharon Ann Haines

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Forested wetlands are being destroyed at a rapid rate. Wetlands are valuable for flood control, aquifer recharge, and for their role in denitrification and storage of global carbon. When wetlands are lost, their functions and value to humans are lost as well. One response to the continued development of wetlands has been the artificial creation of new wetlands. This study compared the species density, relative density, coverage and frequency of occurrence of the woody vegetation in two southeastern Virginia created wetlands with that in two reference wetlands, also in southeastern Virginia, to determine the structural similarity of their respective communities. …

Douglas-Fir Beetle, Richard F. Schmitz, Kenneth E. Gibson

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsuqae Hopk.) infests and kills Douglas-fir throughout most of its range in western United States British Columbia and Mexico. Occasionally western larch trees are infested when growing among Douglas-fir under attack. Attacks in standing larch are always unsuccessful, while those in freshly felled larch are usually successful and brood emergence is equivalent to that in Douglas-fir. Douglas-fir beetles normally kill small groups of trees, but during outbreaks 100 tree groups are not uncommon (fig. 1). Losses can be devastating during periodic outbreaks, such as four that occurred in western Oregon and Washington from 1950 through 1969, …

Patterns Of Soil Nitrogen Dynamics In A Central Appalachian Hardwood Forest Ecosystem, Bradley Michael Yurish

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Increasing awareness of the potential effects of acidic deposition prompted a watershed manipulation project at the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF), West Virginia, in 1987. In this project, an acidifying agent, (Nf4)2S04 , was applied to an entire watershed to better understand ecosystem responses to simulated acid deposition in excess of ambient levels. In ecosystems receiving elevated N levels, increased soil N may contribute to soil acidification, lead to nutrient imbalances in plants, increase rates of nitrification, increase leaching of No3• and pollute surface waters. This study was designed to assess changes of three watersheds that received varied N inputs. The …

Forest Stand Dynamics, Update Edition, Chadwick Dearing Oliver, Bruce A. Larson

Yale School of the Environment Other Publications

This book describes the various growth patterns of forests from a mechanistic point of view. Its purpose is to help silviculturists, forest managers, and ecologists understand and anticipate how forests grow and respond to intentional manipulations and natural disturbances. Demands on the forest have been increasing for timber production, wildlife habitat, water protection, recreation, and protection from fires, insects, and diseases. These demands have created an emphasis on prescribing site-specific treatments for individual stands of trees, rather than treating broad areas uniformly

Response By Reticulitermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) And Cryptocercus Punctulatus (Blattaria: Cryptocercidae) To Wood Infected With The Green-Stain Ascomycete, Chlorociboria Aeruginascens Aeruginascens, Deborah Waller

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Termites of the genus Reticulitermes Holmgren and the wood roaches Cryptocercus punctulatus Scutter were observed feeding on wood stained green by the ascomycete fungus, Chlorociboria aeruginascens aeruginascens (Leotiaceae), in a Virginia forest. However, in laboratory choice trials, both termites and wood roaches preferred unstained wood to stained wood. In no-choice feeding trials, Reticulitermes fed stained birch ate significantly less wood and weighed significantly less than termites fed unstained birch. These results indicate that natural host utilization patterns cannot be relied upon to indicate feeding preferences.

Hydraulic Lift And Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity, Martyn M. Caldwell, John H. Manwaring

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

Water released at night from roots into upper portions of the soil profile in the process of hydraulic lift may contribute to reducing spatial soil nutrient heterogeneity. A manipulative field experiment was conducted in a semiarid shrub stand to determine if circumvention of hydraulic lift, by nighttime illumination of the shrub canopy, would result in greater soil nutrient heterogeneity than if the hydraulic lift process was allowed to operate. Nutrient-enriched patches were superimposed on the existing soil heterogeneity and after 40 days, the patches and interspaces were sampled for ions of different mobility and for root mass. There was no …

Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar Uv-B Radiation And Terrestrial Ecosystems, Martyn M. Caldwell, Stephan D. Flint

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

Stratospheric ozone reduction is occurring and will continue to increase in magnitude into the next century. Yet, the consequences for terrestrial ecosystems of the increased solar W-B (280-320 nm) radiation resulting from total column ozone reduction are not understood. Based on studies of higher plant response to UV-B, several possible consequences for ecosystems include decreased primary production, altered plant species composition, and altered secondary chemistry with implications for herbivory, litter decomposition and biogeochemical cycles. However, like the assessment of increased atmospheric CO2, extrapolation from studies with isolated plants to ecosystem function is very tenuous at best. Very few UV-B studies …

Maine's Endangered And Threatened Plants, Maine State Planning Office

Maine Collection

Maine's Endangered and Threatened Plants

Executive Department, Maine State Planning Office, Critical Areas Program, 1990.

Douglas-Fir Beetle (Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae Hopkins, Coleoptera : Scolytidae) Brood Production On Douglas-Fir Defoliated By Western Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura Occidentalis Freeman, Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) In Logan Canyon, Utah, S E. Fredricks, M J. Jenkins

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

Douglas-fir beetle brood production was studied on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) trees defoliated by the western spruce budworm between 1983 and 1985. Tallies were made of the number of attacks, total length and number of egg galleries, number of eggs deposited, number of larval tunnels, number of pupal chambers, and number of emerging beetles (per female and per unit area). Data analysis showed no significant differences among the three years studied. The number of emerging beetles per female parent was 0.59, and emergence per 90 cm2 was 2.32 beetles. Egg, larval, and pupal survivals were 47.5%, 30.0%, and 15.5%, …

Lodgepole Pine Vigor, Regeneration, And Infestation By Mountain Pine Beetle Following Partial Cutting On The Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, Gene D. Amman, Gene D. Lessard, Lynn A. Rasmussen, Curtis G. O'Neil

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

Lodgepole pine stands were thinned in the Shoshone National Forest of northwestern Wyoming in 1979 and 1980 using different forms of partial cutting. Average losses of trees 5 inches diameter at breast height and larger to mountain pine beetles during the 5 years following thinning ranged from less than 1 percent in spaced thinnings to 7.4 percent in the 12-inch diameter limit cut, compared to 26.5 percent in check stands. Residual trees increased radial growth significantly, but change in growth efficiency is slow. Regeneration 5 years after thinning ranged between 1,160 and 3,560 seedlings per acre, with pine being favored …

Relationship Between Diameter Breast High And Diameter Near Ground Line For Hardwood Species In Arkansas, Richard A. Kluender, Jimmie L. Yeiser

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The relationship of diameter breast high (DBH) and diameter near ground line (DNG) was investigated for three groups of Arkansas hardwoods from four physiographic regions in the state. The relationship between DBH and DNG did not vary significantly across species groups or physiographic regions. Equations of both linear and non-linear form were developed to estimate DBH from DNG. The relationships between DBH and DNG is used to estimate timber volume, growth, and value from residual stumps. The relationship is also useful in harvesting system design and cost estimation in operational forestry.

Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks In The Rocky Mountains: Effects On Fuels And Fire In Lodgepole Pine Forest (Abstract), W H. Romme, D H. Knight, J Fedders

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

Changes in fuels were studied in northwestern Wyoming by sampling a sequence of ten stands that had been heavily damaged by beetles from 1 to 20 years earlier. Leaf litter increased only slightly (3-6%) for six years, and large woody fuels (which contribute much less to flammability) increased steadily and substantially (up to 16 x) for at least 20 years. Other fuel categories did not change significantly. While flammability may be increased during the first year or two after a beetle infestation because dead leaves are still on the trees, the risk of destructive fire during years 2-20 may be …