Forest Sciences Commons^™

Understory Tree Composition, Diversity And Natural Regeneration Status Of Uluguru Forests In Morogoro- Tanzania, David S. Kacholi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Most of the studies on tropical forests vegetation have tended to focus on trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater or equal to 10cm, and limited attention has been paid to understory. This study was conducted in Uluguru forests in Morogoro region, Tanzania, with an objective of describing the understory tree composition, diversity and natural regeneration of some threatened species in the seven surveyed forests. Sampling was done in the forests whereby classification of understory was done into three layers: seedling (individuals with height < 1m), small sapling (DBH ≤ 3 cm), and large sapling (3 < DBH < 10 cm) layers. Large saplings were sampled in 20m × 20m plots, while subplots of 5m ×5m and 2m ×2m were placed at the centre of each plot for sampling small saplings and seedlings, respectively. A total of 2119 seedlings, 1798 small saplings, and 2585 large saplings belonging 91, 102, and 104 species, respectively, were recorded. Fabaceae was the most speciosefamily in all the studied compartments, and had higher familial importance value (FIV). The seedling layer had higher tree density than the large and small sapling layers, but the large and small sapling layers were more diverse than the seedling layer (p < 0.05).The species richness in each forest was significantly higher in the understory than overstory layer (p < 0.034); and the pairing was strongly positively correlated (r = 096, p = 0.0003). The Sørensen coefficients of similarities between understory and overstory ranged between 0.53–0.77, and were higher within each forest than among them. All forests revealed to have good regeneration, though it is important to understand that some species unveiled poor or hampered regeneration pattern.In summary, the understory was observed to be speciose than overstory layer; it was dominated by family Fabaceae, and the natural regeneration of the forests were good, however, some species need due attention.

Post-Hurricane Fuel Dynamics And Forest Regeneration Of Coastal Pine Stands In Southeast United States, Shanyue Guan

All Theses

Hurricanes have long been powerful and recurring disturbances in many coastal forest ecosystems. Intense hurricanes often produce a large amount of dead fuels within their affected forests, but how post-hurricane fuel complex changes with time, due to decomposition and management such as salvage, and the fire behavior affected by the changed fuel load remains largely unknown. To better understand the fuel and regeneration dynamics, field measurement and modeling were conducted within undamaged stands and hurricane damaged stands, including salvaged and unsalvaged stands in southern pine forests impacted by hurricane Hugo (1989), Opal (1995), Katrina (2005), and Ike (2008). We found …

Development Of Transgenic North American White Ash (Fraxinus Americana) Expressing A Bacillus Thuringiensis Protein For Management Of The Emerald Ash Borer, Eric A. Dean, Paula M. Pijut Phd., Micah E. Stevens

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

White ash (WA), Fraxinus americana, is an integral part of the hardwood forest ecosystem. Economically, WA provides wood for important products such as baseball bats, tool handles, and hardwood flooring. Ecologically WA provides cover and mast to support wildlife. The emerald ash borer (EAB) is a significant threat to all ash species because of a lack of native resistance in North American ash trees, its rapid spread, and the ineffectiveness and expense of control measures. EAB is a non-native beetle that consumes tree vascular tissue while in the larval stage. The development of an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol may …

Ecosystem Responses To Fuel Reduction Treatments In Stands Killed By Southern Pine Beetle, Aaron Stottlemyer

All Dissertations

Heavy fuel loads were created by multiple southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Ehrh.) outbreaks throughout the southern Piedmont between 1999 and 2002. Prescribed burning and mechanical mastication are proposed to reduce fuel loading in beetle-killed pine (Pinus L. spp.) stands in the upper South Carolina Piedmont, but their ecological impacts are unknown. Prescribed burning reduced fuelbed continuity by consuming litter (Oi) and fine (1- and 10-hr timelag size classes) woody fuels immediately after the treatment. Duff (Oe + Oa) layer thickness also decreased and mineral soil was exposed in some areas. Mastication resulted in a thick, continuous layer of shredded …

Regeneration And Histological Analysis Of Snake Melon (Cucumis Melo Var. Flexuosus (L.) Naudin) By Direct Organogenesis, Yeşi̇m Yalçin Mendi̇, Selay Eldoğan, Rafael Gutakev, Muzaffer İpek, Pembe Çürük, Seli̇m Çeti̇ner

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In vitro morphogenesis of Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (L.) Naudin was studied by direct organogenesis. Induction of adventitious buds was obtained from distal and proximal parts of the cotyledon incubated on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium containing different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L^{-1}) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg L^{-1}). The best organogenesis was obtained from the proximal part of the cotyledon on medium containing 0.5 mg L^{-1} BA and 0.5 mg L^{-1} IAA (88%). This concentration was used for histological analysis. Less regeneration was obtained on media containing 1.0 mg …

Suckering Response Of Aspen To Traffic-Induced-Root Wounding And The Barrier-Effect Of Log Storage, Kevin N. Renkema, Simon M. Landhausser, Victor J. Lieffers

Aspen Bibliography

In a growth chamber, we tested how the seasonal timing of placing a physical barrier (simulating a possible effect of log storage) and inflicting root damage impacted aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) root systems and their suckering capability. Roots from 4-year-old saplings were used, and one half of these root systems had the above-ground portion cut in the winter (dormant) while the other half was cut during the growing season in the summer. Damage was inflicted to the roots by driving a large farm tractor over them, and a covering treatment was applied using a polystyrene board to prevent suckers from …

Regeneration And Histological Analysis Of Regeneration In Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria (Molina) Stand.), Yeşi̇m Yalçin Mendi̇, Muzaffer İpek, Ni̇hal Buzkan, Yildiz Aka Kaçar, Sebahatti̇n Çürük

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Two different types of explant (proximal and flamingo-bill) from Emphasis seedlings, a hybrid cultivar of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stand.), germinated under dark and light conditions were cultured on 9 regeneration MS media containing various combinations of BA (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l^{-1}) and IAA (0, 0.25, and 0.5 mg l^{-1}). Comparison of the explant types showed that the flamingo-bill type explant had better shoot formation than did the proximal explant. The MS medium containing 1 mg l^{-1} of BA was optimal for shoot formation capacity when flamingo-bill type explants germinated in the dark (44%) and light (36%) …

Post-Fire Demography Of A Dry Eucalypt Forest In The Midlands, Tasmania: A Pilot Study, Christine Urbanowicz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

There have been many efforts to regenerate the threatened and declining dry eucalypt forests found within the Midlands of Tasmania. This pilot study was completed as part of a larger research project on eucalypt regeneration. Researchers need to know where recruits are most successful in order to appropriately place regeneration microsites. I have begun characterizing the baseline demography of a recently burnt remnant forest. I had two objectives: 1. to characterize the stand structure where recruits are successful, and 2. to describe where the recruits are within this structure. Data on location, size, and life history stage of trees were …

High Efficiency Somatic Embryogenesis From Immature Zygotic Embryos Of Grapevine: The Effect Of Genotype, Media, 2,4-D, And Incubation Conditions, Serpi̇l Gök Tangolar, Saadet Büyükalaca, Fuat Ergenoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Immature zygotic embryos of 41 B grape rootstock (V. vinifera L. cv. 'Chasselas' x V. berlandieri) and Yalova İncisi (V. vinifera L.) were cultured on MS, NN, and B5 media supplemented with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg l^{-1} 2,4-D at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and complete darkness. For 41 B rootstock, the highest somatic embryo formation was obtained from dark condition on B5 media containing 0.5 and 1 mg l^{-1} 2,4-D with the rates of 30% and 28.9%, respectively. Yalova İncisi zygotic embryos produced 5% somatic embryos only at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod of MS supplemented with 1 mg …

Does Moose Browsing Threaten European Aspen Regeneration In Koli National Park, Finland?, Sauli Harkonen, Kalle Eerikainen, Riikka Lahteenmaki, Risto Heikkila

Aspen Bibliography

Large European aspen (Populus tremula) trees host hundreds of species of which many are threatened species of conifer-dominated, old-growth boreal forests. Aspen is also one of the deciduous tree species most intensively used by moose (Alces alces) in Finland. In conservation areas aspen regeneration is facilitated by large-scale disturbances, especially fires and windstorms, and also by mortality of individual trees and small-scale disturbances that create small openings. These aggregated patches of young aspens provide high quality feeding sites for moose. In Finland, it has been hypothesized that intense browsing pressure by moose on aspen may prevent new aspen cohorts from …

A Link Between Hurricane-Induced Tree Sprouting, High Stem Density And Short Canopy In Tropical Dry Forest, Skip Van Bloem, Peter G. Murphy, Ariel E. Lugo

Publications

The physiognomy of Caribbean dry forest is shorter, denser and contains a greater proportion of multi-stemmed trees than other neotropical dry forests. Our previous research, conducted after Hurricane Georges in 1998, has shown that dry forest trees sprout near the base following hurricane disturbance, even if the trees have not incurred structural damage. However, for these hurricane-induced sprouts to contribute to the physiognomy of the forest, they must grow and survive. We followed sprout dynamics and stem mortality on 1,407 stems from 1998, after Hurricane Georges, until 2005. The number of surviving sprouts and the proportion of sprouting stems decreased …

Natural Disturbances And The Physiognomy Of Pine Savannas : A Phenomenological Model, Frank S. Gilliam, William J. Platt, Robert K. Peet

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Abstract. Question: The decline of the Pinus palustris ecosystems has resulted from anthropogenic influences, such as conversion to pine plantation forestry, agriculture and land development, all of which are closely related to increases in human populations. Other effects, however, have arisen from alterations in disturbance regimes that maintain the structure and function of these ecosystems. How have alterations of the disturbance regime altered the physiognomy of ‘old-growth’ stands, and what are the implications for ecosystem conservation and restoration?

Methods: In contrast to models that emphasize close interactions among the vertically complex strata, we develop a conceptual phenomenological model for the …

Towards Sustainable Management Of Louisiana's Coastal Wetland Forests: Problems, Contraints, And A New Beginning, William Conner, J L. Chambers, R F. Keim, S P. Faulkner, J W. Day, E S. Gardiner, M S. Hughes, S L. King, K W. Mcleod, C A. Miller, J A. Nyman, G P. Shaffer

Publications

Over 345,000 ha of forested swamps occur throughout the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain. Natural and anthropogenic changes in hydrology and geomorphology at local and landscape levels have reduced the productivity in many of these coastal wetland forests areas and have caused the complete loss of forest cover in some places. A summary and interpretation of the available
science, suggestions for policy change, and a multidisciplinary (multi-responsibility) approach were needed to address these issues [in the context of private land]. In response, the Louisiana Governor's office formed a Coastal Wetland Forest Conservation and Use Science Working Group (SWG) and an associated …

Conservation Of Louisiana's Coastal Wetland Forests, William Conner, Jim L. Chambers, Richard F. Keim, John W. Day Jr, Stephen P. Faulkner, Emile S. Gardiner, Melinda S. Hughes, Sammy L. King, Kenneth W. Mcleod, Craig A. Miller, J Andrew Nyman, Gary P. Shaffer

Publications

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Success Of Stump Sprouts In High-Graded Baldcypress-Water Tupelo Swamps In The Mississippi Delta, William Conner, Richard F. Keim, Jim L. Chambers, Melinda S. Hughes, Luben D. Dimov, Gary P. Shaffer, Emile S. Gardiner, John W. Day

Publications

Regeneration of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) and water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) in swamps of the deltaic plain of the Mississippi River are of major importance for ecosystem sustainability and forest management in the context of regional hydrological changes. Water tupelo often forms prolific sprouts from cut stumps, and baldcypress is one of few conifers to produce stump sprouts capable of becoming full-grown trees. Previous studies have addressed early survival of baldcypress stump sprouts, but have not addressed the likelihood of sprouts becoming an important component of mature stands. We surveyed stands in southeastern Louisiana that were partially logged …

Restoration Of Aspen-Dominated Ecosystems In The Lake States, Douglas M. Stone, John D. Elioff, Donald V. Potter, Donald B. Peterson, Robert Wagner

Aspen Bibliography

A reserve tree method (RTM) of harvesting was installed in six 70 to 75 year old aspen dominated stands to determine if retaining 10 to 15 dominant aspen per acre would decrease sucker density to facilitate restoration of a conifer component. A reserve shelterwood cut was applied to three additional stands to evaluate performance of white pine planted under 50% crown cover. After the first full growing season following harvest, 96% of the RTM harvested areas were stocked; sucker density averaged 27000 per acre versus 38.2 k per acre on a clearcut control, 41% greater. Basal diameter of dominant suckers …

Long-Term Aspen Exclosures In The Yellowstone Ecosystem, Charles E. Kay

Aspen Bibliography

Aspen has been declining in the Yellowstone Ecosystem for more than 80 years. Some authors have suggested that aspen is a marginal plant community in Yellowstone and that recent climatic variation has adversely affected aspen, while others contend that excessive browsing by native ungulates is primarily responsible for aspen’s widespread decline. To test these hypotheses, I measured all the long-term aspen exclosures (n = 14) in the Yellowstone Ecosystem. Aspen stands inside all exclosures successfully produced new stems greater than 2 m tall without fire or other disturbance, while few outside stands successfully regenerated due to repeated browsing. Understory species …

Managing Bushland On The Farm, Penny Hussey

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since the time of European settlement in Western Australia, the replacement of native vegetation with crops and pastures has led to problems for both agricultural production and nature conservation. The most obvious of these are hydrological changes leading to salinisation and waterlogging, and the extinction of some native plants and animals.

Protection of remaining remnants of native bushland, together with revegetation, is increasingly seen as important ways of achieving sustainable agriculture and maintaining our unique wildlife.

Clonal Propagation In Non-Aspen Popular Hybrids, Y.W. Chun

Aspen Bibliography

Species and hybrids of Populus are considered ideal species for pulpwood, lumber production, and woody biomass production because of their rapid growth, ease of establishment through stem or root cuttings, and relative ease of coppice regeneration [19].

Mixed Conifer And Aspen Regeneration In Small Clearcuts Within A Partially Harvested Arizona Mixed Conifer Forest, P.F. Ffolliott, G.J. Gottfried

Aspen Bibliography

Southwestern mixed conifer forests are found on high-elevation sites, generally above 8,000 feet, throughout Arizona, New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado.

Regeneration Of Aspen By Suckering On Burned Sites In Western Wyoming, D.L. Bartos, W.F. Mueggler, R.B. Campbell, Jr.

Aspen Bibliography

Approximately 2.8 million ha of woodlands dominated by quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are scattered throughout the Western United States (Green and Van Hooser 1983).

Silviculture And Management Of Aspen In Canada: The Western Canada Scene, S. Navratil, I.E. Bella, E.B. Peterson

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

A Survey Of The Harvesting Histories Of Some Poorly Regenerated Aspen Stands In Northern Minnesota, P.C. Bates, C.R. Blinn, A.A. Alm

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Tall Shrub Dynamics In Northern Minnesota Aspen And Conifer Forests, J.C. Balogh, D.F. Grigal

Aspen Bibliography

Tall shrubs are a dynamic component of upland forests in the Lake States (Balogh 1983, Dunn 1986, Ohmann and Ream 1971). They are an integral part of forest element cycles, competitors with overstory for growth and reproduction, essential to post-harvest site stabilization, and a source of wildlife cover and browse (Comerford and White 1977, Dunn 1986, Robinette 1972, Tappeiner 1971).

Fire Effects In Northeastern Forests: Aspen, C. Rouse

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Aspen Regeneration In 6- To 10-Year-Old Clearcuts In Southwestern Colorado, Glenn L. Crouch

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Ruffed Grouse Habitat Relationships In Aspen And Oak Forests Of Central Wisconsin Usa, J.F. Kubisiak

Aspen Bibliography

Ruffed grouse habitat requirements and management opportunities have been defined by Bump et al. (1947), Grange (1948), Dorney (1959), Gullion at al. (1962), Moulton (1968), and Gullion (1972), among others. It is generally agreed that interspersion of cover types and age classes is one of the keys to better grouse populations.

Aspen Regeneration After Commercial Clearcutting In Southwestern Colorado, G.L. Crouch

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Partial Cutting On Diseases, Mortality, And Regeneration Of Rocky Mountain Aspen Stands, James W. Walters, Thomas E. Hinds, David W. Johnson, Jerome Beatty

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Stand Age Analysis Of Timber On Mississippi’S Private Nonindustrial Forests, Steven H. Bullard, G. H. Weaver, Willem W. S. Van Hees

Faculty Publications

Most of the current pine timber acreage in Mississippi developed through the reversion of large acreages of agricultural cropland to forestry. Now that cropland retirement has ceased, management practices must provide· for pine regeneration on existing forest lands. Harvesting practices that remove higher-valued pine timber from private, nonindustrial pine lands have created large acreages of poorly stocked, low quality hardwood stands.