Forest Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Thrust On The Development Of Strength With The Mead Refiner, G. Hayward

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Several different thrust pressures were exerted on the plates of the Mead Laboratory Refiner and pulp samples were refined over a wide freeness range for each of the several pressures. The strength characteristics developed were measured and it was found that maximum burst and tensile strength was developed by a thrust pressure of 31.22 pounds. Maximum tearing strength was developed at a thrust pressure of 25.94 pounds.

The refining time required to reach a given freeness increased as as the thrust was reduced, but reached a maximum at 20.66 pounds and remained constant for lesser pressures.

A Comparison Of The Coating Properties Of Domestic Clays To English Clays, Suzanne K. Love

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Objective

The objective of this thesis was to compare the coating properties of the English and domestic clays. Specifically, it was intended to note which set of clays excelled, if either, in the various properties tested. Furthermore, it would be observed from the results in which properties the primary clays (English) and the secondary clays (domestic) were in close agreement. The experimental work was designed to eliminate as many variables as possible with the exception of the type of clay used.

The Development Of A New Staining Technique For The Colorimetric Identification Of Neutral Sulfite Semichemical Fibers, John F. Kratochvil

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A new staining technique has been developed for the colorimetric separation of unbleached neutral sulfite semichemical fibers from other types of fibers. It involves the use of two reagents, a 2% solution by weight of p-nitroaniline in 3N HCl and Herzbergs stain. The former solution is applied to the fibers, the excess is removed, and Herzberg stain is applied. This process will produce an orange color on groundwood, a brownish green color on unbleached neutral sulfite semichemical fibers, and a color on chemical fibers and bleached neutral sulfite semichemical hardwood fibers that will vary from blue to deep purple, depending …

The Effect Of Brush Vs Supercalendar Finishing On The Optical And Surface Properties Of Paper, Jerold J. Winzenz

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In the demanding and ever-changing area of paper finishing a new and relatively unpublicized operation has appeared. The operation is one of brush finishing, where a high-speed cylindrical bristle brush is employed continuously against a paper web in order to develop desirable surface properties. The principle involved is a simple low-pressure polishing action not unlike shining one’s shoes. The performance of this new method, however, is obscure due to the absence of published information on the subject in available literature.

Through local industry a portable laboratory model brush finisher was made available to the Paper Technology Department of Western Michigan …

A Study Of The Comparative Effects Of Titanium Dioxide On Paper Brightness And Opacity When Used As Filler Versus Its Use As A Coating Mineral, James M. Crandall

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

Because of the fact, that advertisements printed on bright papers have the most appeal, and papers printed on both sides must have absence of show-through, brightness and opacity have become important variables in paper making.

Titanium dioxide used a a filler or as a coating mineral will cause an increase in paper opacity and brightness. Because titanium dioxide is expensive, it is important to know how it can be used (as filler or coating) to the best advantage.

Objective

The purpose of this project is to compare the optical gains (opacity and brightness) imparted to paper by using titanium …

The Effect Of Surface Sizing With Starch On Tensile & Tear, Prem K. Kapur

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This survey of literature concerning surface sizing has been undertaken in an effort to compile in one paper the importance of surface sizing on strength properties, particularly tensile and tear.

The use of starch in the modification of surface characteristics of a writing medium may actually be older than the art of paper manufacture itself. A considerable amount of literature on surface sizing showing the effect on surface improvements of the paper sheet is available, but very little work has been undertaken to study the effect of surface sizing on tensile and tear.

Both their strength properties increased on surface …

The Influence Of Cellulose, Lignins, And Organic Compounds On Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dale Phenicie

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D. as it is commonly called) is the oxygen, in parts per million, required during stabilization of the decomposable organic matter by aerobic bacterial action.

This thesis represents work done to find out what, if any, B.O.D. is exerted by cellulose, lignins, and other organic materials found in paper and pulp mill effluents.

The Relation Between Separate Refining And Mixed Refining On The Strength Properties Of Paper, Doug Bockstanz

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Object

The purpose of this work is to determine whether or not a significant difference in the strength characteristics of paper made from two pulps is obtained if the pulps are refined separately as compared to pulps refined together. The direction and magnitude of any difference is also desired.

The Severity Of Refiner Action Upon Pulp Strength Indexes, Thomas A. Wilson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Using the ball mill as the refining tool and five different strength developing materials, an investigation was made of the mechanism of fiber strength development.

The various degrees of refining drasticness were obtained by using each of the five materials, and the burst and tear tests and burst times tear factor were used as the strength indexes for determining the various degrees of refining.

B614: A Plan For The Recreational Development Of The Machias Lakes Region In Washington County, Maine, A. Temple Bowen Jr.

Bulletins

The importance of forest land as the medium for wood fiber production has been recognized for some time. Recent developments and trends show that another function of this same forest land is that of providing a playground for millions of outdoor recreationists. This phenomenon has affected some areas to such an extent that certain forest lands are now considered to be more valuable as sources of outdoor recreation than as wood fiber production units. This bulletin presents a plan for landowners of a 90,000-acre tract of commercial forest land located midway between Bangor and Calais, Maine, in Washington County, to …

The Potential Of A Pulp And Paper Industry In The State Of West Virginia, James W. Clay

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

West Virginia is traditionally a wood-producing state. Approximately 64 per cent of its land area is classified as commercial forest, and it has ranked as one of the nation’s top four producers of hardwood lumber for the past century.

A long-term failure of the state has been its inability to attract secondary wood industries into the area. The major portion of lumber produced in the state has been sent to outside concerns for further manufacturing and processing. In the past decade only about 18 per cent of the lumber produced in West Virginia was used for manufacture within the state. …

An Evaluation Of Phosphates As Dispersing Agents In The Deinking Of Catalogue Wastepaper By Flotation, Leif Christensen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Employing a Wemco three liter laboratory flotation cell and using the dispersing agent as the independent variable erratic trends suggested that trisodium phosphate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate increase the brightness gain in froth flotation deinking and that trisodium phosphate promotes higher brightness gains than tetrasodium pyrophosphate in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 percent, (based on oven dry wastepaper). Conclusions could not be drawn for other salts evaluated and also are definitely not decisive for the two salts described. With a material like wastepaper it is difficult, even with the best endeavor to composit the sample, to obtain a large number …

Filler Distribution As Effected By Drainage Rate And Volume, James Joseph Beer

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Much work has been going on in the development of increased retention of titanium dioxide. This thesis will investigate retention of titanium dioxide and drainage rates on the distribution of titanium dioxide.

The retention of titanium dioxide will be understood a little better if conditions having known effects on retention are stated. Literature states that retention of fillers increases with increased basis weight, (2) increased beating of the pulp, (1) with increased alum to a limit, (1) and decreases with interrelated machine conditions such as increased speed, vacuum in the suction boxes, and length of wire and shake. (1)

Trees Of Western Australia. 101. The Salt River Mallett (Eucalyptus Sargentii Maiden). 102. The Two-Winged Gimley (Eucalyptus Diptera C.). 103. Eucalyptus Burdettiana Blakely Et Steedman. 104. The Moort (Eucalyptus Platypus Hook), Charles Austin Gardner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WITH the ever-increasing spread of salt in certain poorly-drained soils in Western Australia, any plant which tends to restrict salt encroachment is of considerable economic importance.

In the genus Eucalyptus there are a few trees which will withstand a certain degree of soil salinity.

Insect Pests Of Forests. 3. The Tuart Bud Weevil And The Gregarious Gall Weevil, Clee Francis Howard Jenkins

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE group of beetles commonly known as weevils contains some of the most troublesome of all insect pests.

The best known is probably the wheat weevil, but many other forms attack stored products and growing plants.

A Description And Classification, By Composition, Of The Aspen Stands In The Sierra Madre Mountains, Wyoming, Kieth E. Severson

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Ecological Aspects Of Air Pollution From An Iron Sintering Plant At Wawa, Ontario, A.G. Gordon, E. Gorham

Aspen Bibliography

At Wawa, in northern Ontario, vegetation has been damaged severely by sulphur dioxide pollution from an iron-sintering plant. Damage is mainly restricted to a narrow strip northeast from the sinter plant, since southwest winds are strongly predominant. It is traceable from the air for at least 20 mile in this direction and is estimated as severe within 11 miles and very severe within 5 miles. Within about 10 miles NE, from the sinter plant ground flora variety declines markedly, from about 20-40 species per 40 square meter quadrat beyond this distance to 0-1 species within 2 miles of the pollution …

Vegetative Propagation Of Aspen By Greenwood Cuttings, Robert Edward Farmer Jr.

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.