Forest Sciences Commons^™

Policy Tools For Smart Growth In New England, New England Environmental Finance Center

Smart Growth

Across New England communities have been experiencing a rapid outward surge of development away from our community and downtown centers. Effects of sprawl include a loss of wildlife habitat, farm and timber lands; increased costs of community services and higher taxes; auto-dependency, longer commutes, and increased congestion; increases in air and water pollution; a sedentary lifestyle and increased obesity; and losses to one’s sense of place and social ties.

State-level responses to sprawl have surfaced throughout New England in recent years. This report describes 11 examples of these responses, representing all six New England states and a diversity of recent …

Changing Maine, 1960-2010: Teaching Guide, Richard Barringer, New England Environmental Finance Center

Maine History & Policy Development

Unlike forty years ago, none of us is now certain what the future holds for Maine – except that it will be different. Maine has been transformed by the events of the recent decades. We have come into a new world, a new time – a new historical era, if you will. This new era, like previous eras in Maine history, will require of us new ways of thinking, new ways of understanding, new ways of organizing ourselves as a community of people, if the values and culture we share and cherish are to endure and flourish.

Study On Vertical And Lateral Leaching Of Nitrate From A Wheat Field In China, Md. Toufiq Iqbal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Vertical and lateral leaching of nitrate from a wheat field was studied through one season in a field in China by applying increasing amount of N fertilizers (e.g. 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg ha^{-1}). Results showed that nitrate leaching was the dominating way of nitrate loss from wheat land during the first two month after sowing seeds. After irrigation, the nitrate concentration in the leachate of 30 cm soil layer was higher than that of 60 cm, while the concentration of nitrate leaching at the five N treatments through the two depth soil layer came into the same level …

Volume 4, Number 1 (2006), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• A focus on agriculture and natural resources programs at the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture

Volume 4, Number 2 (2006), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• From Grow to Go for a New Bioeconomy

Changes In Some Quality Parameters Of The Perfect Delight Nectarine Cultivar During Cold Storage And Shelf Life, Murat Çeli̇k, Ahmet Erhan Özdemi̇r, Eli̇f Ertürk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of this study was to determine storage and shelf life periods of Perfect Delight nectarines grown in Mersin (Yenice, Tarsus). The fruit was kept at 0 °C and 85%-90% relative humidity for 8 weeks. After removal from cold storage at weekly intervals, the fruit was kept at 20 °C and 65%-70% relative humidity for 2, 4 or 6 days to determine shelf life in 3 replicates. Changes in weight loss (%), fruit skin color and flesh color (L*, a*, b*), fruit flesh firmness (N), total soluble solids (%), titratable acidity (g malic acid / 100 ml fruit juice), …

Statistical Modeling Of The Effect Of Physio-Biochemical Parameters On Water Use Efficiency Of Grape Varieties, Rootstocks And Their Stionic Combinations Under Moisture Stress Conditions, Jogaiah Satisha, G. S. Prakash, R. Venugopalan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effect of various physio-biochemical parameters on the water use efficiency (WUE) of grape varieties, rootstocks and budded vines was studied in 3 separate experiments at 3 levels of irrigation (100%, 50% and no irrigation) for 14 days of stress cycle. None of the varieties or rootstocks could survive beyond 4 days under the no irrigation treatment. Considerable genetic variability was observed for WUE with respect to photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, root to shoot length ratio, abscisic acid, zeatin riboside, carbon isotope discrimination etc. among grape rootstocks, viz., Dogridge, 1613 C, Salt Creek, St. George and Vitis champinii …

Preliminary Results On Genome Mapping Of An Italia X Mercan Grapevine Population, Zeli̇ha Gökbayrak, Cengi̇z Özer, Gökhan Söylemezoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This research was conducted to construct genetic linkage maps of Vitis (2n = 38) from grape populations (60 F_1 + 2 parents) of crossing of Italia and Mercan (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. RAPD reactions were performed using a total of 300 RAPD primers. The amplification products were scored from negatives as presence or absence. Only 59 loci for Italia and 55 loci for Mercan could be used for linkage analysis. Mapmaker/Exp.3.0 was used for genetic linkage analysis with multipoint ordering among markers at LOD >= 3.0 score. The map was developed by using the double pseudo-testcross mapping approach. Italia and …

Agronomic Potential And Industrial Value Of Madder (Rubia Tinctorum L.) As A Dye Crop, Hasan Baydar, Tahsi̇n Karadoğan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) is a valuable dye crop due to its roots, which are rich in anthraquinone pigments, one of them being alizarin. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential and industrial value of madder plants under rainfed conditions in Southwest Anatolia, Turkey. Three different propagation materials (seeds, seedlings and root cuttings), and 5 different propagation methods (autumn root transplanting, spring root transplanting, autumn seed sowing, spring seed sowing, and spring seedling transplanting) were used in the study. At the end of the 3-year growing period, fresh root yield varied from 1640.1 kg ha^{-1} (in the spring root …

Genetic Transformation Of Citrus Paradisi With Antisense And Untranslatable Rna-Dependent Rna Polymerase Genes Of Citrus Tristeza Closterovirus, Bayram Çevi̇k, Richard F. Lee, Charles L. Niblett

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Protein and RNA-mediated forms of pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) have been developed against many viruses in different plants. However, no resistance has been reported against Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a closterovirus, in Citrus species transformed with coat protein genes or other sequences of CTV. The successful use of replication-associated genes in RNA-mediated resistance in other crops prompted the use of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of CTV for the development of RNA-mediated PDR in Citrus. The RdRP gene was amplified from CTV isolate DPI3800 from Florida and used to generate antisense (RdRp-AS) and untranslatable (RdRp-UT) constructs with point mutation consecutive …

Impact Of Impregnation With Imersol-Aqua On The Yellow Color Tone Of Some Woods And Varnishes, Mustafa Hi̇lmi̇ Çolakoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was performed to determine the effects of impregnation on the yellow color tone (YCT) of some woods and varnishes. For this purpose, the test specimens prepared from Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and oak (Quercus petrea Liebl.) according to ASTM D 358 were impregnated with Imersol-Aqua according to ASTM D 1413-99 and the manufacturer's instructions by short-term, medium-term, and long-term dipping, and were then coated with synthetic, acrylic, waterborne, and polyurethane varnishes according to ASTM D 3023. The YCT of test specimens after the varnishing process was determined according to ASTM D 2244-02. As a result, the highest …

Genetic Variability, Correlation And Path Analysis Of Yield, And Yield Components In Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.), Derya Özveren Yücel, Adem Emi̇n Anlarsal, Celal Yücel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine variability, heritability, and correlations between yield and yield components in 15 kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for 2 years. Direct and indirect effects of yield components on seed yield per plant were investigated. Genotypic variance was the highest for 1000 seed weight, followed by seed number per plant. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 5.47% (days to flowering) to 51.66% (seed number per plant). Heritabilities for seed number, 1000 seed weight, and number of full pods were greater than those for the other traits. Positive and significant (P < 0.05) relationships were determined between seed yield per plant and plant height, first pod height, secondary branch, total pod, and number of full pods and seeds per plant. The path coefficient analysis based on seed yield per plant, as a dependent variable, revealed that all of the other traits, except days to flowering, first pod height, and total pod number, exhibited high positive direct effects. Number of seeds and full pods showed the highest direct influence with 47.49% and 44.73%, respectively. Therefore, this research suggests that seed and full pod numbers can be good selection criteria for improving seed yield per plant in kabuli winter chickpea.

Determination Of The Apomictic Fruit Set Ratio In Some Turkish Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Genotypes, Beki̇r Şan, Hati̇ce Dumanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the amount of apomictic fruit set in 10 Turkish walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in 2001, 2002 and 2003. Yalova-1, Şebin, Bilecik, KR-1, KR-2, Şen-2, 07-KOR-l, Tokat-1, Kaman-1 and Kaman-5 cultivars and selections were used in the experiment. Female flowers were bagged and/or pollinated with pollen of the apple cv. 'Golden Delicious' (Malus x domestica Borkh.), and the apomictic fruit set was determined 8 weeks after anthesis. The percentage of apomictic fruit set without pollination ranged from 0.5% to 1.6% in 5 walnut genotypes, namely Yalova-1, Bilecik, 07-KOR-l, Tokat-1 and Kaman-1, in the …

Determination Of Crop Water Stress Index For Irrigation Scheduling Of Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), Yeşi̇m Erdem, Sezen Şehi̇rali̇, Tolga Erdem, Di̇nçer Kenar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the canopy-air temperature differential and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), which can be used to quantify the crop water stress index (CWSI) under fully irrigated (100%) and maximum water stress (0%) conditions of trickle irrigated bean. The effects of 5 irrigation levels (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% replenishment of soil water depleted when 50% of available soil moisture was consumed in the 0.60 m soil profile depth of fully irrigated treatment) on seed yields and resulting CWSIs calculated using the empirical approach were also investigated. The highest yield and water …

Potassium Exchange Isotherms As A Plant Availability Index In Selected Calcareous Soils Of Western Azarbaijan Province, Iran, Abbas Samadi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Potassium (K) exchange isotherms (quantity-intensity technique, Q/I) and K values derived from the Q-I relationship provide information about soil K availability. This investigation was conducted to study the relationships among K Q/I parameters, available K extracted by 1 N NH_4AOc (exchangeable K plus solution K), potassium saturation percentage (K-index, %), and the properties of 6 different calcareous agricultural soils. In addition, the relationship of tomato plant yield response to the K requirement test based on K exchange isotherms was investigated. The Q/I parameters included readily exchangeable K (\DeltaK^0), specific K sites (K_X), linear potential buffering capacity (PBC^K), and energy of …

Deficit Irrigation Analysis Of Red Pepper (Capsicum Annum L.) Using The Mathematical Optimisation Method, Cafer Gençoğlan, Serpi̇l Gençoğlan, Cuma Akbay, İsmet Boz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objectives of this study were to analyse deficit irrigation with the mathematical optimisation method using the water-yield relationship and cost functions of red pepper, and to determine alternative deficit irrigation water levels. For this purpose, the effect of 5 different irrigation levels (I_1, I_2, I_3, I_4, and I_5) on dry yield (DY) was determined using a line source sprinkler irrigation system in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey in 1999 and 2000. The average water amounts applied with I_1 (non-water stress treatment) and I_5 (water stress treatment) for the 2 years were 913 and 296 mm, and I_2, I_3, and I_4 varied between …

Co-Inoculation Effects Of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms And Glomus Fasciculatum On Green Gram-Bradyrhizobium Symbiosis, Almas Zaidi, Mohammad Saghir Khan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fixing (Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna)), phosphate solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus subtilis), phosphate solubilizing fungus (Aspergillus awamori) and AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) on the growth, chlorophyll content, seed yield, nodulation, grain protein, and N and P uptake of green gram plants grown in phosphorus-deficient soils. The triple inoculation of AM fungus, Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna) and B. subtilis significantly increased dry matter yield, chlorophyll content in foliage and N and P uptake of green gram plants. Seed yield was enhanced by 24% following triple inoculation of Bradyrhizobium + G. fasciculatum + B. subtilis, relative to …

Organic Acid Pulping Of Rice Straw. I: Cooking, M. Sarwar Jahan, Z. Z. Lee, Yongcan Jin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Acetic acid or formic acid treatment of rice straw with the variation of reaction variables, namely acid concentration, catalyst (HCl or H_2SO_4) concentration, reaction time, temperature and liquor ratio, was investigated to ascertain effects on the dissolution of hemicellulose, which facilitates the dissolution of lignin during alkaline extraction or peroxyacid treatment and improved the drainability of straw pulp. Maximum pentosan dissolution was observed in 80% acetic acid with 0.6% H_2SO_4 catalyst at 80 °C for 120 min. Acetic acid dissolved pentosan more slowly than formic acid. The catalytic activity of H_2SO_4 was higher than that of HCl with respect to …

Comparing The Performances Of Real-Time Kinematic Gps And A Handheld Gps Receiver Under Forest Cover, Hayati̇ Zengi̇n, Ahmet Yeşi̇l

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In forestry, to facilitate re-finding, especially permanent sample plots or some sample points in forest inventory for control, precise position information is needed. Various techniques are used to increase the performance of basic GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements and to achieve more accurate positioning. These techniques are based on the principles of relative positioning, for which 2 or more receivers are used generally. For a forest inventory, the corrected coordinates should be provided in the field and at the moment of measurement. Therefore, real-time measurements are required. The cost of GPS receivers used for sensitive measurements through relative positioning techniques …

The Effect Of Tying And Wrapping Materials And Their Color On Budding Success In Kiwifruit, Hamdi̇ Zengi̇nbal, Hüseyi̇n Çeli̇k, Muharrem Özcan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

We studied the effect of tying and wrapping materials and their color on budding success in kiwifruit. The work was done in the open field during 2002-2003. Three-year-old, gallon container grown Hayward seedlings were chip-budded with Hayward chip-bud sticks in the first quarter of May. Raffia (black), cannabis fiber, leathery polyethylene band (white), soft rubbery polyethylene tape (white), paper tape, cotton yarn and plastic string (white) were used as tying and wrapping material in the first experiment. Green, red, black and white raffia was used as wrapping material in the second experiment. In the first trial, the soft rubbery plastic …

Effects Of Different Nitrogen Doses And Row Spacing Applications On Yield And Quality Of Oenothera Biennis L. Grown In Irrigated Lowland And Unirrigated Dryland Conditions, Nazim Şekeroğlu, Menşure Özgüven

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L., Onagraceae) is a biennial herbaceous forb. It is commercially cultivated in over 15 countries for its seed oil, which contains the essential fatty acids, linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of different nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha^{-1}) and row spacing applications (20, 40 and 60 cm) on yield and quality of Oenothera biennis L. grown in irrigated lowland and unirrigated dryland in the Gukurova conditions region in 2000 and 2001. The field trials were arranged in split-split-plot design with 3 replicates. Some …

Multiple Criteria Activity Selection For Ecotourism Planning In Igneada, Kenan Ok

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Forests have many ecotourism attractions. Ecotourism can be defined as an opportunity to promote the values in the protected areas and to finance for related stakeholders. However, ecotourism can be classified as a possible threat to ecosystems because of ecotourism's attractions are based on fragile ecological relations. Activity selection regarding ecological, social and economic dimensions is important in forest and tourism management. Ecotourism activities were selected using a multi-criteria decision model based on an ELECTRE method. The model that was applied with a participatory approach consists of 19 alternates and 28 criteria. While horse-riding was determined to be the best …

The Replication Of The Purple-Flowered Rhododendron (Rhododendron Ponticum L.) By Seed And Chances Of Survival In Replanting In Different Media, Mustafa Var, Deryanur Di̇nçer

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study investigates the germination, replanting and survival of Rhododendron ponticum, a species native to Turkey, in different media. The conditions of the germination medium were first investigated and the seedlings obtained were applied as a first replicate in a peat medium, and at the end of 4 months a second replicate in 7 different media was used to examine their development and survival in these media. The data obtained were then compared to the data obtained from soil analysis and their relations were outlined along with statistical considerations. According to the findings, an efficient germination was observed when the …

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Variation In Cultivated And Virgin Soils, Teki̇n Özteki̇n, Sabi̇t Erşahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) values of soils under diverse management practices may be needed to determine the required sample number, sample size, and chose suitable sample scheme for characterize the K_s values used in water flow and solute transport modelling studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the variability in K_s and try to understand some part of the determinism of this variability in virgin and adjacent cultivated field using 36 undisturbed soil samples from each location with 0.5-m grid space. K_s was measured with 100 cm^3 undisturbed soil cores in laboratory using falling or constant …

Comparison Of Different Irrigation Methods Based On The Parametric Evaluation Approach, Orhan Dengi̇z

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The main objective of this research is to compare two different irrigation methods according to parametric evaluation system in the Field Plants Central Research Institute-Ikizce Research Farm's soils located in southern Ankara. Soil properties of the study area including texture, depth, EC, drainage, carbonate content and slope were derived from a detailed soil map scaled 1/5000. After analyzing and evaluating soil properties using geographic information system techniques, gravity and drop irrigation suitability maps were generated. Results showed that 13.1% of the study area was highly suitable for surface and gravity irrigation methods, whereas 51.2% of the study area was highly …

Effects Of Inoculation With Rhizobium On Seed Yield And Yield Components Of Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.), Sebahatti̇n Albayrak, Cafer Sirri Sevi̇may, Özgür Töngel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum on seed yield and yield components of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were evaluated under Black Sea Coastal Region conditions, Turkey, in the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons using common vetch cultivars Kubilay, Ürem, Karaelçi, Uludağ, Emir, Çubuk and Nilüfer. The experiment was established as a split block design with 3 replications. Inoculation increased seed yield and all yield components of common vetch cultivars. It was observed that inoculated common vetch cultivars gave higher biological yield (8.5%), seed yield (7.6%), straw yield (10.4%), pod length (25.5%), number of seed per pod (16.2%), number …

Genotypic Variation In Tolerance To Boron Toxicity In 70 Durum Wheat Genotypes, Ayfer A. Torun, Ati̇lla Yazici, Hali̇l Erdem, İsmai̇l Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

By using 70 durum wheat (Triticum durum) genotypes, a greenhouse experiment has been carried out to study genotypic variation in tolerance to boron (B) toxicity in soil. Plants were grown in a soil containing 12 mg extractable B kg^{-1} soil and treated additionally with (+B: 25 mg kg^{-1} soil) and without B (-B: 0 mg B kg^{-1} soil). Following 30 days of growth, only shoots have been harvested and analyzed for dry matter production and shoot concentrations of B. There was a large genotypic variation in tolerance to B toxicity based on the severity of leaf symptoms and decreases in …

Developing Alternative Wood Harvesting Strategies With Linear Programming In Preparing Forest Management Plans, Emi̇n Zeki̇ Başkent, Sedat Keleş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this paper, the process of developing alternative wood harvesting strategies in forest management planning is presented. Alternative wood harvesting strategies based on linear programming (LP) include a planning horizon of 100 years, an objective of the maximization of net present value (NPV) and various constraints such as classical volume control (even flow) and wood assortments. Model outputs are presented and discussed along with NPVs and amounts of wood assortments by alternative wood harvesting strategies consisting of various discount rates and wood assortments.

Effects Of Nacl On The Germination, Seedling Growth And Water Uptake Of Triticale, Mehmet Atak, Mehmet Demi̇r Kaya, Gamze Kaya, Yakup Çikili, Cemaletti̇n Yaşar Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The lack of information about the effects of salinity on vegetative growth of triticale prompted us to study the salt tolerance levels of 3 newly registered cultivars, Karma-2000, Presto, and Tatlıcak-97. Moreover, the relative importance of the osmotic or toxic effects of NaCl on seed germination are not clear in triticale. In this study, germination percentage, seedling fresh and dry weight and water uptake of the seeds of 3 triticale cultivars were determined under various salt (NaCl) stresses with electrical conductivities of 2.4, 4.2, 5.9, 7.7, 10.6 and 13.2 dS m^{-1}. Roots and shoots were analyzed for uptake of Na^+ …

Effect Of Sowing Date And Limited Irrigation On The Seed Yield And Quality Of Dill (Anethum Graveolens L.), Saeid Zehtab-Salmasi, Kazem Ghassemi-Golez, Sajad Moghbeli

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Field and laboratory experiments were carried out in order to investigate the influence of 3 sowing dates and 4 irrigation disruption treatments at different growth stages on the seed yield and quality of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). The results showed that for successful seed production dill must be sown in early spring (3 to 18 April), since there was no significant difference in seed yield between the sowing dates of 3 April (S_1) and 18 April (S_2). Seeds from S_1 sowing had a higher percentage of germination after accelerated ageing (AA), a faster germination rate and a heavier seedling dry …