Forest Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of The Agricultural Sector On The Arkansas Economy In 2001, Jennie Popp, Gina Vickery, H. L. Goodwin Jr., Wayne Miller

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agriculture has historically been one of Arkansas’ primary economic sectors. Agriculture is defined as the sum of agricultural production and processing activities unless otherwise specified. Agriculture contributes to the economy through direct agricultural production and value-added processing which generates economic activity in other parts of the economy.

Volume 3, Number 2 (2005), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Crops that Boost Health
• Army Service
• UT's Bluegrass Club
• UT Institute of Agriculture's Economic Impact

Volume 3, Number 1 (2005), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Healing Waters
• Partnerships that Build Community
• Skills for Adult Success
• UT Institute of Agriculture Outreach

Pathogenicity Of Paecilomyces Spp. To The Glasshouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum, With Some Observations On The Fungal Infection Process, Ayhan Gökçe, M. Kubi̇lay Er

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the infection rates of 9 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolates and 1 Paecilomyces lilacinus isolate on the glasshouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Furthermore, the infection progress of P. fumosoroseus was observed on the insect using light and scanning electron microscopes. Bioassays were carried out on second instar nymphs by the application of a spore suspension of each isolate. The mortality data were recorded 3 and 6 days after the application. The effect of Paecilomyces isolates increased as the incubation time was extended. Seven isolates caused significant mortality to the GWF nymphs. The most virulent isolates, …

Temperature Dependent Life History Traits Of Brevicoryne Brassicae (L.) (Hom., Aphididae) On White Cabbage, Serdar Satar, Ulrich Kersting, M. Rifat Ulusoy

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The developmental time, survival rate and reproduction of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Homoptera, Aphididae), were evaluated on detached cabbage leaves (Brassicae oleracea var. capitata) at four constant and two alternating temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 25/30 and 30/35 ºC). Developmental periods of immature stages ranged from 12.5 days at 15 ºC to 6.0 days at 25/30 ºC. The alternating temperature of 30/35 ºC was lethal to immature stages of B. brassicae. The lower developmental threshold for the cabbage aphid was estimated at 4.0 ºC and it required 142.9 degree-days for a first instar to become an adult. The …

Effect Of Early Season Drought Stress On Growth Characteristics Of Sugar Beet Genotypes, Rahim Mohammadian, M. Moghaddam, Hassan Rahimian, S. Y. Sadeghian

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine the effects of early season drought stress on some plant characteristics of 9 sugar beet genotypes in the Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Station, NE Iran. The experimental design was a split plot with a randomized complete block arrangement. Leaf area index, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight decreased under drought stress compared to non-stress conditions. The decrease was more pronounced as the rate of stress increased. Leaf area index was more affected by water stress than was leaf weight (losses of leaf area indices were 14.1% and 66.6% …

Functional Response Of Two Coccinellid Predators, Scymnus Levaillanti And Cycloneda Sanguinea, To The Cotton Aphid, Aphis Gossypii, Ali̇ Arda Işikber

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Functional responses of 2 female coccinellid predators, Scymnus levaillanti and Cycloneda sanguinea, to the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, at various temperatures were studied under laboratory conditions. Both coccinellid species showed different functional responses to the cotton aphid. The larger species, C. sanguinea, was seen to eat more aphids than the smaller species, S. levaillanti, at each temperature, due to its greater voracity. The female adults of both coccinellid species feed maximally during the first 3 h and therefore, the increase in fresh weight gain and number of aphids killed by both coccinellid species are much higher during the first 3 …

Genotype-Environment Interaction And Phenotypic Stability Analysis For Grain Yield Of Durum Wheat In The Central Anatolian Region, Mevlüt Akçura, Yüksel Kaya, Seyfi̇ Taner

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objectives of this research were to assess genotype-environment (GE) interaction and to determine stable durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) genotypes for grain yield in the Central Anatolia. Thirteen durum wheat genotypes were evaluated under rainfed conditions using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The study was repeated for 2 years and at 3 different locations around Central Anatolia, Turkey. GE interaction was analyzed using linear regression techniques. There was considerable variation for grain yield among both genotypes and environments. Stability was estimated using the Eberhart and Russell method. According to the stability analysis, genotype 10 …

Simulation Of A Feedback Control Technique Through Irrigation Canal Junctions, Ömer Faruk Durdu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A linear quadratic controller based algorithm was developed for simulating the dynamics of a single-reach irrigation canal with a channel junction. Using the concepts of feedback control theory, an expression for an upstream gate opening of an irrigation canal reach with a channel junction operated based upon a constant-level control was obtained. In the derivation, the canal reach between 2 gates was divided into 5 nodes, and the finite difference forms of the continuity and momentum equations were written for each node. The Taylor series was applied to linearize the equations around equilibrium conditions. At the third node of the …

Severity And Spatial Distribution Of Boron Toxicity In Barley Cultivated Areas Of Central Anatolia And Transitional Zones, Muzaffer Avci, Taner Akar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to determine the severity and spatial distribution of boron toxicity symptoms on barley cultivated areas in Central Anatolia and Transitional Zones (CATZs). Boron concentrations of plants sampled from barley cultivated areas of the CATZs region at 189 sites during springs 1996 and 1997 were determined. Boron toxicity symptoms were observed mainly in small areas near Konya-Çumra, Ankara-Gölbaşı, Yenikent and Yozgat-Yerköy and between the provinces of Konya and Aksaray. While boron toxicity symptoms were not observed in 79% of samples, 15% and 6% of samples showed light and medium-severe toxicity symptoms, respectively. As boron toxicity …

Comparison Of Methodologies For The Identification Of Aroma Compounds In Strawberry, Ebru Kafkas, Sali̇h Kafkas, Margery Koch-Dean, Wilfried Schwab, Olga Larkov, Noa Lavid, Einat Bar, Uzi Ravid, Efraim Lewinsohn

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Three strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa. Duch.) varieties commercially grown in Israel (Tamar, Yael and Malach) were studied for their volatile compositions. Two techniques were compared: headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction (organic solvent: tert-butyl methyl ether) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The influences of techniques on the volatile compounds were tested by comparing the volatiles determined in the 3 varieties. Malach, the most aromatic variety, accumulates high levels of furanones and esters compared to the other varieties. Differences in the aroma profiles obtained by utiliszing different techniques were noted. HS-SPME was more suitable for the determination of …

Effects Of Reduced Tillage And Planting Systems On Seed Cotton Yield And Quality, İbrahi̇m Yalçin, Aydin Ünay, Rauf Uçucu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

There is increasing scientific and practical interest in the importance of reduced tillage systems for increasing yield, and obtaining it more economically, in cotton production. Reduced tillage systems which involve lesser field applications have several advantages when compared to conventional systems. Field trials were conducted over 2 years. The aim was to establish the greatest applicability of reduced tillage systems. The 4 types of tillage compared were conventional, precision, strip and ridge tillage. In each of these plots, seeds were planted in 8 rows. A mechanical seed drill was used in 4 rows of each plot at a seed rate …

Using Real Options Theory To Analyze The Impacts Of Urban Development On Farm Real Estate Markets, Tamer Işgin, D. Lynn Forster

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This paper assesses the real option values of farmland using data from Ohio, USA. The option value of delaying the sale of a farm property was measured using an emerging, relatively new theory namely, the theory of real options pricing. As opposed to standard corporate finance theory, this new theory incorporates both the uncertainty about the future net benefits of a selling decision and the irreversibility of this action taken. Results from this option value calculation show that the vast majority of real call option values calculated for this sample are greater than zero, suggesting that deferring the decision to …

Influence Of Salinity On Growth And Yield Attributes In Chickpea Cultivars, Ranju Singla, Neera Garg

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Seeds of 4 cultivars of chickpea (2 desi, CSG 8962 and DCP 92-3, and 2 kabuli, CSG 9651 and BG 267) were grown under 0, 4, 6 and 8 dS m^{-1} levels of salinity until maturity. Shoot and root dry weights, root shoot ratio and various yield parameters were evaluated under salinity at 40, 70 and 100 days after sowing. Salinity significantly reduced dry matter accumulation in both roots and shoots in all cultivars, though declension was more pronounced in BG 267 (kabuli) and DCP 92-3 (desi). Root growth was more adversely affected than shoot growth, which also had an …

Determining Combining Ability In Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.), Yalçin Kaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The experiments, involving 25 sunflower hybrids, were conducted in 3 locations in 2000 and 2001. These hybrids were evaluated for 4 important yield components (seed and oil yields, oil content and hull ratio) by combining ability. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Based on specific combining ability (SCA) analysis, the hybrid 2453-A x 2644-R was determined as the best hybrid in the experiment. The female lines 2453-A and 0704-A and the male lines R-1001 and 2644-R had higher seed and oil yield performances in this research. However, the 2644-R and 2280-R restorer and HA89-A …

Effects Of Salt And Drought Stresses On Germination And Seedling Growth Of Pea (Pisum Sativum L.), Gamze Okçu, Mehmet Demi̇r Kaya, Mehmet Atak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of salt and drought stresses at the water potentials of -2, -4, -6 and -8 bars induced by NaCl and PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol 6000) each, on germination and early seedling growth, were investigated for 3 pea cultivars (Bolero, Sprinter and Utrillo). Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl solutions were 4.5, 8.8, 12.7 and 16.3 dS m^{-1}. Germination percentage, mean germination time, root and shoot length, and seedling fresh and dry weight were measured in the study. The objective was to determine genotypic differences among pea cultivars in terms of salt and drought stress and to determine …

Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus (Aclsv) Status In Turkey And Sensitive Detection Using Advanced Techniques, Çi̇ğdem Ulubaş Serçe, Fi̇li̇z Ertunç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The prevalence of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) was investigated in all the main stone fruit growing areas of Turkey except for East Anatolia. Three hundred and sixty-nine plant samples showing virus related symptoms were collected from sweet and sour cherry, peach, nectarine, apricot and plum trees. All samples were tested using DAS-ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thirteen samples were detected as infected with ACLSV using ELISA while RT-PCR revealed 51 positive samples. The highest ACLSV incidence was in Bursa (64%), followed by Yalova (20.51%), Burdur (18.18%), Amasya (13.43%), Afyon (12.07%), Isparta (6.25%), Çanakkale (4.76%) and İzmir …

Comparative Response Of Two Olive (Olea Europaea L.) Cultivars To Salinity, Mehmet Ali̇ Demi̇ral

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, Leccino and Barnea, were exposed to increasing concentrations of NaCl (control, 2560, 5120 and 7680 mg l^{-1} of NaCl, which is equal to 4.0 dS m^{-1}, 8.0 dS m^{-1} and 12.0 dS m^{-1} salinity) in a sand culture. Plants were harvested and separated into different organs. Thin root, thick root, shoot and leaves were analysed for Na^+, Cl^-, K^+, Ca^{+2} and Mg^{+2} contents. Dry weights of the plants were determined. Shoot elongation was also measured. Increasing NaCl inhibited growth of the plants. However, this effect was only statistically significant in Barnea. The growth of …

Control Of The Carmine Spider Mite Tetranychus Cinnabarinus Boisduval By The Predatory Mite Phytoseiulus Persimilis (Athias-Henriot) In Protected Strawberries In Aydın, Turkey, İbrahi̇m Çakmak, Hüseyi̇n Başpinar, Ni̇lgün Madanlar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The potential of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) to control the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on strawberries (cv. ´Camarosa`) grown under plastic tunnels was investigated in 2 fields during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons in Aydın, Turkey. Three study plots, grower's practice, chemical control and biological control, were established. The population of T. cinnabarinus was controlled in the grower's practice plots by using 1 or 2 acaricide applications. However, it was suppressed with only 1 acaricide application in the chemical control plots at a population level below economic threshold levels. When the pest population …

Responses Of Irrigated Durum And Bread Wheat Cultivars To Boron Application In A Low Boron Calcareous Soil, Süleyman Soylu, Bayram Sade, Ali̇ Topal, Necdet Akgün, Sai̇t Gezgi̇n, Erdoğan Eşref Hakki, Mehmet Babaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Cereals are sensitive to micronutrient problems. Central Anatolian soils show great variation with respect to both deficiency and toxicity of boron (B). Hence, screening of major wheat cultivars grown in the region with respect to their sensitivity to B is of great importance for the area. Six durum (Triticum durum L. cvs. Kızıltan-91, Ç-1252, Selçuklu-97, Kunduru-1149, Yılmaz-98 and Çakmak-79) and 6 bread (Triticum aestivum L. cvs., Gün-91, Kınacı-97, Göksu-99, Türkmen, Bezostaja-1 and Sultan-95) wheat cultivars were studied in field experiments for their responses to B application when grown in soils low in extractable B (0.19 mg B kg^{-1}) during the …

Regional Flood Frequency Analysis Of The Basins Of The East Mediterranean Region, Fati̇h Topaloğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Methods known as regional flood frequency analyses have often been used for providing records to be gathered and for determining different quantiles of flood in basins having an adequate runoff gauging station (RS) or no gauge. Regional flood frequency analyses including homogeneity test was applied to annual instantaneous peak flows of 50 RSs in 4 basins of the East Mediterranean region. Only 3 RSs were determined to be inhomogeneous. As a result, regional dimensionless flood frequency curves and variation of mean annual flood with drainage area were obtained. The determination coefficient of the mean annual flood prediction equation of the …

Effects Of Stratification, Temperature And Storage On Germination In Three Provenances Of Fraxinus Angustifolia Subsp. Oxycarpa Seeds, Fahretti̇n Ti̇lki̇, Emrah Çi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of stratification, temperature and storage on seed germination performance were investigated in 3 provenances of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa seeds. In the first study, seeds were subjected to 9 different periods of cold stratification or warm stratification followed by cold stratification to overcome dormancy. Stratification and provenances affected seed germination percentage (GP) and germination value (GV) when seeds were germinated in darkness at 30/20 ºC. Sixteen weeks' cold stratification (GP = 40.0, GV = 3.8), 4 weeks' warm stratification + 4 weeks' cold stratification (GP = 43.7, GV = 4.2) and 4 weeks' warm stratification + 8 weeks' …

An Investigation On The Establishment Of Artificial Pasture Under Ankara's Ecological Conditions*, Sebahatti̇n Albayrak, Hayretti̇n Eki̇z

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine suitable perennial forage species and their mixtures for the establishment of short-term artificial pastures under dry conditions in Ankara between 2000 and 2002. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam.), smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leys.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) and their binary and complex mixtures were used. The research was carried out in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. The results showed significant differences among the botanical composition ratio in mixtures. The highest green, hay and dry matter yield were obtained from alfalfa + smooth brome mixtures (16.05 t ha^{-1}, …

Role Of Conventional Plant Breeding And Biotechnology In Future Wheat Production, Sanjaya Rajaram

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The global wheat production by year 2020 could be increased by 40% provided there is a good integrated multidisciplinary wheat research program optimally funded by either public or private sectors. More emphasis needs to be placed on: 1) Improving yield potential; 2) Durable disease resistance; 3) Increasing abiotic stress tolerance; 4) Adopting better conservation systems. There are roles for both conventional plant breeding and biotechnology supported by other disciplines to achieve this goal.

Effects Of Minimum And Conventional Tillage Systems On Soil Properties And Yield Of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) In Clay-Loam In The Çanakkale Region, Saki̇ne Özpinar, Anil Çay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The experiment was conducted during the 2001-2003 cropping period to evaluate the effects of 3 tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage with rototiller (MTR) and disc (MTD), on the soil properties and wheat yield (Triticum aestivum L.). Based on 2-year results, soil bulk density at 0-10 cm in the growing period in MTR, CT and MTD was 1.20, 1.34 and 1.24 Mg m^{-3} respectively. Corresponding values at 10-20 and 20-30 cm were 1.26, 1.29 and 1.21 Mg m^{-3} and 1.30, 1.27 and 1.40 Mg m^{-3} respectively. Aggregate size distribution and mean weight diameter throughout the 2 years of …

Using Advanced Spectral Analyses Techniques As Possible Means Of Identifying Clay Minerals, Ünal Altinbaş, Yusuf Kurucu, Mustafa Bolca, A. H. El-Nahry

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Spectral analyses, one of the most advanced remote sensing techniques, were used as a possible means of identifying the mineralogy of the clay fractions that corresponded to the Küçük Menderes Plain, south of İzmir, Turkey. Different spectral processes were used to execute the prospective spectral analyses. The processes include: i. the reflectance calibration of TM images belonging to the studied area, ii. using minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation and iii. creating the pixel purity index (PPI), which was used to the most "spectrally pure", extreme, pixel in multi-spectral images. Spectral analyses of the clay mineralogy of the studied area were …

Clay Minerals, Ca/Mg Ratio And Fe-Al-Oxides In Relation To Structural Stability, Hydraulic Conductivity And Soil Erosion In Southeastern Turkey, Kadi̇r Yilmaz, İsmai̇l Çeli̇k, Seli̇m Kapur, John Ryan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Studies of clay mineralogy and related chemical composition are rarely connected with implications for soil management in the field. However, this study attempts to manifest the practical utilization of analytical data for determining the susceptibility to soil erosion. The data obtained involve the determination of clay mineral properties, calcium/magnesium ratios, and free aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) oxides on structure stability, and hydraulic conductivity properties. Nine representative soil pedons developed on serpentine, limestone, and basalt parent materials were selected for the study. The soils were initially grouped into 3 according to their structural stability values. Group 1 soils had the …

Effects Of Different Water And Nitrogen Levels On The Yield And Periodicity Of Pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.), Mustafa Ünlü, Riza Kanber, Pasquale Steduto, Yusuf Aydin, Kenan Di̇ker

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of 2 irrigation intervals (I_{f1}: 7 days and I_{f2}: 14 days), 4 nitrogen doses (N_g, N_0, N_1, N_2 and N_3) and 2 crop coefficients (K_{pc1}: 0.60 and K_{pc2}: 0.90) on pistachio nut fertigation were studied to establish suitable irrigation and fertigation scheduling. The nitrogen levels were 0, 10, 15 and 20 mg L^{-1}. In the traditional treatment, N_g, each tree received 500/600/400 g of NPK fertilizer at the beginning of February. Other fertilizer doses were applied in the irrigation water through a drip system. Irrigation water amount was calculated based on Class A-Pan evaporation. Wetted percentage in each …

Interactive Effect Of Nitrogen And Boron On Cotton Yield And Fiber Quality, Özgül Görmüş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study aimed to determine the effect of application rates of N and B on cotton yield and fiber quality. Suregrow 125 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was grown on a clay soil having an average 0.38 mg kg^{-1} B concentration. Analysis of leaf tissue taken at early bloom and before the nutrient application indicated that N and B concentrations were sufficient. Nitrogen was applied to the soil at rates of 0, 80 and 160 kg ha^{-1}, and B was applied to the foliage 3 times for totals of 0, 0.56 and 1.12 kg B ha^{-1}. Foliar-applied B significantly increased leaf blade …

Determining Some Yield And Quality Characteristics Of Mutants Induced From A Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) Cultivar, Mehmet Ali̇ Saki̇n, Ahmet Yildirim, Sabri̇ Gökmen

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Mutation breeding is one of the breeding methods used successfully in durum wheat for selecting lines with increased agronomic values. The aim of this study was to select mutant lines having a better agronomic potential than the mother variety Gediz-75 in the M_6 and M_7 generations. The mutants were derived from the variety Gediz-75 of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). The seeds were either irradiated with gamma rays at Cobalt 60 (^{60}Co) or treated with ethyl-methane-sulfonate (EMS). Eighteen selected mutants and the mother variety Gediz-75 were examined in the M_6 and M_7 generations for yield and quality characteristics. The experiments …