Food Processing Commons^™

Application Of Crispr/Cas System-Based Biosensors In Detection Of Foodborne Pathogens, Miao Zou, Jingyi Zeng, Dandan Zeng, Yuhan Fu, Xu Zhang, Bo Zhao, Tianlu Mo

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

The CRISPR/Cas system can recognize foreign DNA,cut the target,and block or silence the expression of the foreign gene.Due to its precise targeting function,the CRISPR/Cas system has been developed as a highly efficient gene editing tool.With high specificity and operability,the CRISPR/Cas system has been combined with biosensors to improve the detection specificity and efficiency of the sensors.This review introduces the characteristics and applications of CRISPR/Cas system,analyzes the latest progress in the application of CRISPR/Cas system-based biosensors in the detection of foodborne pathogens,and summarizes and prospects the application of such biosensors.

Antibiotic Resistance And Transmission Characteristics Of Enterococcus Faecalis From The Pork Production Chain In Hangzhou, Min Qian, Wei Zhou, Zhijin Zhou, Enbao Zhang, Jianzhong Han, Daofeng Qu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and transmission risk of Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis ) in the pork production chain.[Method ] A total of 300 samples were collected from the surface of live pigs,carcasses,and the environment in 2 pig farms,1 slaughterhouse,and 2 markets in Hangzhou,Zhejiang.The strain identification,antibiotic resistance phenotypes,resistance genotypes,and virulence genotypes were performed by 16S rDNA sequences,broth microdilution method (MIC ),and PCR.In addition,multilocus sequencing typing (MLST ) and conjugational transfer tests were conducted.[Result ] The 125 isolates of E.faecalis showed high resistance to antibiotics such as tiamulin,tetracycline,and doxycycline,and the isolates from pig farms showed higher antibiotic …

Evaluation Of The Clinical Alleviation Effect Of Bacillus Coagulans Ccfm 1041 On Functional Constipation, Huahao Cai, Linlin Wang, Qingwei Yao, Xudan Shen, Xingxing Chen, Shumao Cui

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Functional constipation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder caused by multiple factors,with a relatively high and increasing prevalence in China.Previous studies have found that Bacillus coagulans (B.coagulans )CCFM 1041 can alleviate symptoms of functional constipation in mice.[Method ] A double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CCFM 1041 in relieving functional constipation.A total of 73 participants were observed for changes in constipation-related indicators,serum levels of gastrointestinal regulatory neurotransmitters,and gut microbiota before and after the intervention.[Result ] After taking CCFM 1041,84.2% of participants experienced increased bowel movement frequency,and 94.7% of participants showed improved stool consistency.Compared …

Changes In Volatile Aldehydes Of Soymilk After Acid-Precipitation And Its Influencing Factors, Mapeizhan Lou, Caimeng Zhang, Xiangzhen Kong, Xingfei Li, Yeming Chen, Xiaoxiao Feng, Yufei Hua

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Acid precipitation,a common method in plant protein processing,can efficiently achieve protein enrichment and removal of non-protein components (including off-flavor substances ) on a large scale.This study aims to explore the causes for the abnormal increases in aldehydes of soymilk after acid precipitation.[Method ] Changes in volatile compounds of soymilk before and after acid precipitation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS ).Soymilk components were fractionated by centrifugation,and the contributions of different fractions to the increases in aldehydes were investigated.The changes in the molar concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides before and after acid precipitation were determined,and a molar ratio between …

Identification Of Honey Authenticity By Terahertz Spectroscopy, Luelue Huang, Zhiqi Wang, Miaoling Liu, Bin Li

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to identify honey authenticity by terahertz (THz) spectroscopy.[Method ] Different honey samples were analyzed by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS ),and the results served as a reference for terahertz spectroscopy.The sample requirements and analytical conditions of terahertz spectroscopy were verified by comparing the results of these two methods.[Result ] Liquid honey samples exhibited no discernible absorption peaks.However,significant differences in refractive index were observed among samples.The presence of water in liquid honey,particularly at high levels,affected the refractive index,potentially leading to misjudgment.After removal of water from liquid honey via freeze-drying,terahertz attenuated total reflection was employed for …

Effects Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Fermentation On Flavonoids And Organic Acids In Mango Juice, Ying Yang, Dongdong Yang, Li Li, Xuemei He, Dongqing Ye

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum ) fermentation on the metabolism of flavonoids and organic acids in mango juice.[Method ] Six strains of L.plantarum were selected for fermentation of the juice samples from two mango varieties ‘Tainong' and ‘Guiqi'.The mass concentrations of organic acids and flavonoids in the juice samples were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS ).Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was employed to compare the metabolites in the mango juice samples fermented with different strains.[Result ] L.plantarum fermentation significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC ) …

Effects Of Palmitic Acid-Rich Diet On Tumor Growth And Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition In The Mouse Model Of Prostate Cancer, Jiayao Chen, Fengjiao Huang, Bingqian Sun, Yongquan Chen, Xiaoying Wang

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to explore the effect of palmitic acid (PA)-rich diet on prostate cancer (PCa) in mice.[Method ] The TCGA database and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze the differential expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN ) between the PCa tissue and adjacent normal tissue.In addition,twelve nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with LNCaP cells and assigned into two groups.One group was fed a PA-rich diet,while the other group was fed a normal control (NC) diet.Twelve mice overexpressing the C-myc gene (C-mycT) were assigned into two groups and fed the same diets as the nude mice.The growth of …

Metagenomic Analysis Of Microbial Community Structure And Functional Genes In Horse Milk From Northern Xinjiang, Gaoshaer Kayierhali, Zhiang Fu, Danhua Ouyang, Haini Bayinda, Bakhetgul Manatbay

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Horse milk has a high nutritional value and a unique flavor,which are closely related to its complex microbial composition,and different geographical locations and climates will affect the microbial community structure of horse milk.This study aims to explore the effects of different geographical locations on the microbial community structure in horse milk.[Method ] Metagenomic technology was employed to analyze the microbial diversity of 14 batches of horse milk samples from 3 different regions in northern Xinjiang,and the functional genes were excavated.[Result ] A total of 26 species of microorganisms were identified,belonging to 9 phyla,14 classes,25 orders,28 families,and 45 genera.The …

Effects Of Thermal Treatment On The Binding Ability Of Type I Collagen Toaroma Compounds Of Broth, Xiaolin Luo, Yi Yuan, Xiangyi Chen, Shutao Liu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to reveal the interactions between collagen and volatile compounds during the cooking process.[Method ] The relative molecular weight,particle size,solubility,secondary structure,and surface hydrophobicity of collagen and the droplet size of the collagen emulsion were studied.Furthermore,the binding ability of collagen to volatile compounds of the aqueous and emulsion systems of collagen was measured.[Result ] As the heating time was extended,the triple-helix structure of collagen was destroyed and the polypeptide chains were degraded,which were accompanied with the decrease in surface hydrophobicity,increase in solubility,and heat-induced aggregation.The binding ability of collagen to volatile compounds gradually decreased with the extension of …

Identification Of Antigens For Food Allergy And Food Allergen Detection, Ellenor Sell

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Antibody-based allergen testing is an essential part of allergen management in the food industry. These methods directly detect one or more molecules of the allergenic foodstuff (target’ molecule(s)) and the presence of the allergenic foodstuff is inferred. The identity of these target molecules is crucial to the performance of the method and the interpretation of results. The goal of this study was to develop protein/antibody capture methodology for the identification of antibody binding partners using mass spectrometry.

This study is broken down into three separate projects: the characterization of the antigen-antibody complexes present in sandwich ELISAs, LFDs, and human sera. …

An Economic And Production Analysis Of Seaweed Farms In California And The Pacific Northwest, Brian Donovan

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Since the early 2010s, the seaweed aquaculture industry has steadily expanded in the United States, with states like Alaska, Maine, Hawaii, and Connecticut leading the way in the development of this emerging sector. However, information gaps remain concerning certain aspects of the domestic seaweed aquaculture industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of the seaweed aquaculture industry along the West Coast of the United States; specifically in the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Seaweed farmers in these states were invited to voluntarily complete surveys asking important production, economic, and commercial questions regarding their operations. Data …

Observations On The Biodegration By Solid State Fermentation Of The Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma Merkusii) Biomass By Two Endolichenic Fungi Isolates, Maria Helena, Helen Joan Lawalata, Dino Rahardiyan, Livana Dethris Rawung, Emma Mauren Moko

Makara Journal of Science

Giant swamp taro (GST/Cyrtosperma merkusii), a local North Sulawesi coastal plant, is underutilized but has high po-tential for cultivation as a paludiculture plant on rewetted peatland restorations. GST has high starch content and is currently being explored for potential use. This study explored the potential of using the biomass pulp yielded as resi-dues of the starch extraction process. Endolichenic fungi (Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus aculeatus) isolated from local lichens, were inoculated on the GST biomass in a solid state fermentation (SSF). Findings of this study indicate that both isolates were effective in degrading the lignocellulosic biomass of GST over an …

Development Of Fortified Blended Food Using Great Northern Bean, Aemiro Tadesse Zula

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Undernutrition is a global health challenge affecting people across all stages of life. While everyone is susceptible, certain groups face a significant burden. These include those living in poverty, young children, adolescents, older people, and lactating and pregnant women. Food insecurity is another primary global concern affecting billions of individuals worldwide and is closely associated with undernutrition. Implementing interventions to address these two significant global burdens is critical, and international organizations are playing a crucial role through food aid programs using Fortified Blended Foods such as corn-soy blend (CSB), corn-soy blend plus (CSB+), and corn-soy blend plus plus (CSB++). CSB+ …

Effects Of Heat Moisture Treatment On Dietary Fiber Utilization By The Gut Microbiota, Yichen Bai

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The present study investigates the impact of heat moisture treatment (HMT) on the utilization of dietary fibers from red lentil hulls and wheat bran and its subsequent effect on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid production. HMT significantly decreased the water absorption index in red lentil hulls but increased it in wheat bran. For resistant starch (RS), HMT elevated its content in red lentil hulls but diminished it in wheat bran. In terms of dietary fiber content, HMT increased soluble dietary fiber in red lentil hulls. However, carbohydrate utilization and SCFA production by gut microbiota did not significantly change after …

Development Of Pork Meatballs Supplemented With Commercial Soluble Dietary Fibres And Mimic In Vitro Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion, Chonlada Srikamwang, Pirawan Chaiwan, Sarana Rose Sommano, Malaiporn Wongkaew

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

This study investigated the effects of supplementing tapioca starch with commercially soluble dietary powder in meatballs to develop a low-glycaemic index (GI) food for people with high blood sugar levels. This work evaluates the physicochemical characteristics, texture profile analysis (TPA), proximate composition, and digestibility of carbohydrate in meatballs supplemented with commercial soluble dietary powder using 3x3 factorial completely randomised design. The physicochemical characteristics findings indicate that the colour values of GI meatballs, including L*, a*, and b*, ranged from 63.60 to 68.49, 1.52 to 3.05, and 13.86 to 16.56, respectively. The colour difference values of meatballs containing dietary fibre in …

Microbial Transfer And Cross-Contamination In Milling Facilities And Pathogen Survival In Milled Products And Baking Mixes, Aryany Leticia Peña-Gomez

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Wheat-based products, traditionally considered low-risk due to their low moisture content, have been involved in numerous foodborne outbreaks in recent decades. Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) present in these products have caused significant numbers of hospitalizations and massive product recalls. The microbiological quality of flour is highly dependent on the incoming wheat, which is vulnerable to contamination from field to milling. Once pathogens are present in flour, they can survive for extended periods. Implementing strategies to mitigate the risk of pathogen contamination throughout the wheat processing chain is critical.

This study evaluated the distribution of E. coli …

Development And Validation Of Aronia Melanocarpa Berry Recipes For Home Canning: Integrating Thermal Lethality Studies, Microbiological Safety, And Antioxidant Analysis, Juan Diego Villegas Posada

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Aronia melanocarpa, also known as chokeberry, is gaining popularity for its high antioxidant content and health benefits, including reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting cancer gene expression. However, its characteristic bitterness and astringency limit its broader appeal. Chokeberry's low pH places it in the acid foods category, making it ideal for safe home canning. An acidic environment combined with heat treatment inhibits harmful bacteria like Clostridium botulinum. Home canning preserves food by sealing it in airtight containers and heating it to destroy spoilage microorganisms.

Developing safe and palatable recipes is essential for making chokeberries suitable for home canning. A …

The Effect Of Fat Content On The Inactivation And Recovery Of Listeria Spp. In Ready-To-Eat Foods After High Pressure Processing, Yhuliana Kattalina Niño Fuerte

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

High-pressure processing (HPP) is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA FSIS) as a post-lethality treatment to control Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and poultry products. A scoping review of 603 journal articles, which ultimately was narrowed down to 16 articles, revealed that the efficacy of HPP varies with fat content. The studies demonstrated that L. monocytogenes inactivation by HPP tends to be lower in RTE meats with greater than 5% fat content, compared to products with lower than 5% fat. The wide range of HPP parameters used in these studies …

Development Of An Egg-Specific Mass Spectrometry Targeted Method For Processed Food Matrices, Liyun Zhang

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Egg is a major food allergen in the United States, causing symptoms from mild reactions to severe anaphylaxis. An egg-free diet remains the only management approach for egg allergy. Therefore, individuals and families living with egg allergies rely heavily on allergen statements on packaged food products for informed food choices. Currently, no labeling regulations exist for unintentionally introduced allergens, posing risks to consumers with egg allergies. Therefore, it is critical to have an accurate and reliable detection method in allergen control and management to determine the concentration of total protein from allergenic food sources. Traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are routinely …

Research On The Law Of Impurity Removal Of Soybean Concentrated Lecithin And Substances Affecting Its Transparency, Fang Suqiong, Zhu Dongqi, Chen Wenrong, Yang Jiguo

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impurity removal law of soybean lecithin concentrate, analyze and identify the substances that affect the transparency of soybean lecithin concentrate. Methods: Using food-grade soybean lecithin concentrate as raw material and light transmittance as the main evaluation index, the effects of ceramic membrane pore size, material-liquid ratio, solvent system （n-hexane, n-hexane-anhydrous ethanol） and solvent ratio on impurity removal of soybean lecithin concentrate were investigated. Moreover, the collected impurities and soybean concentrated lecithin before and after impurity removal were analyzed and identified by lipidomics. Results: In the system of n-hexane-anhydrous ethanol, …

Optimization Design And Experimental Research Of Sandwich Seaweed Tunnel Baking Equipment, Yu Chao, Chen Shufa, Niu Shuoshuo, Liu Yang, Qi Hengyang, Zhan Zhaoya

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to solve the practical problem of uneven temperature distribution in the tunnel and easy adhesion of sandwich seaweed to the conveyor belt. Methods: The structure of tunnel baking equipment for sandwich seaweed and the software and hardware of fuzzy PID temperature control system were designed in this study, the baking device model was established based on the boundary conditions set in the actual production environment, after that, the CFD simulation optimization experiments was performed on the temperature field inside the tunnel. Results: The simulation experiment showed that the parameter combination of evenly arranged heating tubes, 30 heating …

Effects Of In Vitro Simulated Digestion On Antioxidant Components And Activities Of Walnut Shell And Distraction Wood, Du Xin, Zhang Xinyue, Wang Fang, Luo Qin, Xie Qing, Zhao Yingqiong, Liu Yuxiao

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to make full use of walnut by-products. Methods: Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction method was used to extract the antioxidant components of walnut shell and distraction wood. The changes of antioxidant components (total phenols and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, Iron reduction antioxidant capacity-FRAP and ferrous ion chelating activity) of walnut by-products extract during the simulated digestion were studied in vitro, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: The total phenols(TPC), total flavonoids(TFC) content, and antioxidant activity of distraction wood were always higher than those of walnut shells (P＜0.05). After simulated …

Optimization Of The Preparation Process And Antioxidant Activity Analysis Of Blueberry Juice By Wet Ultrafine Grinding Process And Compound Enzymolysis Method, He Wanying, Dan Li, Zhao Liangzhong, Huang Zhanrui, Long Zhanqian

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the preparation process of blueberry juice and improve its antioxidant activity. Methods: Blueberry juice was prepared using a wet ultrafine grinding process and compound enzymolysis method. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters and analyze the antioxidant activity of blueberry juice. Results: There were significant differences in the juice yield and active substance content of blueberry juice under different solid-liquid ratios, crushing times, compound enzyme contents, and enzymatic hydrolysis times, with enzymatic hydrolysis time having the most significant impact on juice yield and anthocyanin content. The optimal process parameters for the …

Design And Analysis Of A New Type Of Fresh Peach Slitting Machine, Zhang Yifei

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To deal the technical difficulties in further realizing the automation of de nucleating production of fresh peach slices. [Methods] A new type of fresh peach slicing and coining machine was designed. The cutting tool for slice kerning was simplified and analyzed by Mathematical analysis, and the motion characteristic equation and curve of the mechanism were obtained. The motion simulation analysis of the slicing and core-removing tool mechanism was carried out by using SolidWorks Motion software, and the motion characteristic curve of the mechanism was obtained.The correctness of the mathematical analysis was verified, and the rationality of the design of …

Design And Implementation Of An Auxiliary Calculation System For Structural Parameters Of The Rotor System Of A Roller Huller, Cheng Min, Zhou Shihao, Wang Mingxu, Zhang Chao, Xu Xuemeng

Food and Machinery

[Objective] To improve the design efficiency of the mechanical structure of the rotor system of a rubber roller husker. [Methods] An auxiliary calculation system for the rotor system design parameters of a rubber roller husker （RRHRSPD） that can be independently installed and operated under the Windows system was developed using VB and Matlab platforms. Based on the equivalent design method and the traditional mechanical design method, the coupling relationships among the technological parameters, dynamic parameters and structural parameters of the husker were established, and the calculation principle of the structural parameters of the rotor system was also explored. VB was …

The Therapeutic Effect Of Yam Polysaccharide On Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis In Mice, Su Wei, Chen Hongpeng

Food and Machinery

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of Yam Polysaccharide (YP) on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. [Methods] The study included a blank group, YP group, DSS group, and DSS+YP group. The UC model was established by administering DSS water solution, and the treatment group received oral administration of YP for 7 days. Measurement of body weight, DAI score, inflammatory factors in the colon, NLRP3 inflammasome, and HE staining were conducted to evaluate the effects. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h to establish the cell inflammation model in vitro. A certain concentration of …

Machine Learning Prediction Of Copper Ion Interference With Mercury Ion Fluorescence Signals In Food Heavy Metal Detection, Song Fangliang, Liang Ying, Dong Jie, Wang Xuejie, Qian Jie

Food and Machinery

Objective: To construct an artificial intelligence prediction model to predict the selectivity of fluorescent probes for Hg²⁺ in a complex food testing environment in the presence of Cu²⁺ interference. Methods: Fluorescent probe technology combined with seven advanced classical machine learning models was used to predict and analyze the selectivity of the probe for Hg²⁺ in the presence of Cu²⁺ interference, and to compare the prediction effect of each model and select the optimal model. Results: Efficient models with accuracies of 0.786 and 0.810 in the cross-validation and test sets were successfully established based on Molecular 2D …

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Preparation And Activity Analysis Of Antioxidant Peptides Derived From Walnut Dregs, Ni Ce, Cao Tianhong, Chen Min, Yu Xun, Wu Hao, Wen Li

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study focused on the identification and activity analysis of antioxidant active peptides in walnut dregs protein hydrolysates. Methods: Protein was extracted from walnut meal by fractionation method, and five kinds of proteolytic enzymes, including trypsin, papain, neutral protease, alkaline protease and flavor protease, were used to hydrolyze the proteins. The antioxidant activity of trypsin hydrolysate （TH）, papain hydrolysate （PH）, dispase hydrolysate （DH）, alcalase hydrolysate （AH） and flavourzyme hydrolysate （FPH） were evaluated and compared. The in vitro antioxidant activity of different concentrations of AH was determined by the detection indexes of DPPH free radical scavenging rate, ABTS free radical …

Determination Of Seven Nicotinamide Compounds In Health Products, Wu Ziling, He Minheng, Huang Jiale, Cai Xiayi, Sun Wenwen

Food and Machinery

Objective： This study aimed to establish an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 7 nicotinamide compounds in health food. Methods： The samples were dissolved in 10% methanol water, extracted by ultrasonic, and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase of gradient elution. The seven nicotinamide compounds were monitored by ESI, positive and negative ion scanning mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results： The 7 nicotinamide compounds showed good linearity in the mass concentration range, and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.996. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.075~0.600 mg/kg, the …

Research And Application Status Of Molecular Simulation Technology In Food Field, Bi Xinjian, Wen Shiyu, Qu Tingmin, Wu Hao, Xie Yufei, Wen Li

Food and Machinery

In the food field, a large number of phenomena and problems that are difficult to be macroscopically explained by traditional experimental methods occur during the process of research and development in upstream laboratories to production in downstream factories. Molecular simulation techniques are not only efficient and cost-effective, but also an important tool for connecting micro and macro scales, because molecular models can be used to study molecular behaviors at the atomic level, and thus predict and explain experimental results. This review summarized the commonly used software and databases for molecular simulation techniques, and introduced their applications in recent years in …