Food Chemistry Commons^™

Study On The Antioxidant Effects Of Natural Antioxidants And Their Derivatives On Anchovy (Engraulis Japonicus ) Oil, Xuyang Ding, Fujun Liu, Fawen Yin, Dayong Zhou

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] The aim of this study is to evaluate and improve the antioxidant effects of natural antioxidants and their derivatives on anchovy (Engraulis japonicus ) oil.[Method ] The 60 ℃ accelerated oxidation model was used to evaluate the antioxidant effects of phytic acid,tea polyphenols (TP),rosemary extract,ascorbyl palmitate,vitamin E,tea polyphenol palmitate (TPP),and bamboo leaf extract on anchovy oil based on the peroxide value (POV ),thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS ) value,relative intensity of free radicals,and fatty acid composition.[Result ] TPP (single antioxidant ) and TPP+TP (composite antioxidant ) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant effects on anchovy oil.[Conclusion ] Although the antioxidant …

Establishment Of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy For Detection Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Panxue Wang, Cen Li, Xiang Li, Ying Liu, Guoliang Li

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to improve the detection specificity and sensitivity for Escherichia coli (E.coli ) O157:H7.[Method ] A high ly specific and sensitive method for the detection of E.coli O157:H7 was established based on magnetic separation and signal amplification strategies combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS ).Aptamers were used as recognition elements and combined with magnetic beads and polystyrene (PS) microspheres to construct a separation probe (MB@Apt ) and a signal amplification Raman tag (4-MBN@PS@Apt ),respectively.[Result ] In the presence of E.coli O157:H7,MB@Apt and 4-MBN@PS@Apt formed a “sandwich ” structured composite (MB@Apt/ E.coli O157:H7/4-MBN@PS@Apt ),which could be rapidly …

Rapid Determination Of Vitamin B 1 In Infant Formula Milk Powder By Fluorescent Microsphere Immunochromatographic Assay, Qianqian Lu, Ting Yang, Yongwei Feng, Jialin Hu, Hua Kuang, Chuanlai Xu, Lingling Guo

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] A fluorescent immunochromatographic assay was established based on vitamin B 1 monoclonal antibody to measure the vitamin B 1 in infant formula milk powder.[Method ] The performance of vitamin B 1 monoclonal antibody was evaluated.On this basis,a highly sensitive fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip was developed.[Result ] The vitamin B 1 monoclonal antibody showed high sensitivity,affinity,and specificity.The fluorescent immunochromatographic test strip showed a visual limit of detection (vLOD ) of 10 μg/kg,a cut-off value of 200 μg/kg,and a calculated limit of detection (cLOD ) of 2.056 μg/kg.In addition,the recovery rate of this method was 97.3%~115.4%.The test results of the …

Colloidal Carbon-Labelled Immunochromatographic Assay For Rapid Detection Of Marbofloxacin Residues In Animal-Derived Foods, Xiujin Chen, Biao An, Jian Tao, Xinhao Yin, Yao Wang, Huawei Niu, Zhaozhou Li, Min Zhang

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] A colloidal carbon-labelled immunochromatographic assay with competitive inhibition was developed for the detection of marbofloxacin (MBF ) residues in milk powder and chicken.[Method ] The anti-MBF polyclonal antibody prepared in the author 's laboratory was employed to produce the colloidal carbon-labelled immunoprobe.The effects of pH of reaction system,resuspension solution,treatment solution of sample pad,standard dilution buffer,mass concentration of colloidal carbon,mass concentration of primary antibody,mass concentration of coating antigen,and mass concentration of secondary antibody on the MBF colloidal carbon-labelled immunochromatographic assay were investigated.The sensitivity,specificity,stability,and accuracy of the method were determined.[Result ] Under optimal conditions,the cut-off value of the method was …

Construction Of Staphylococcus Aureus Detection Method Based On, Silver Nanoclusters Dna, Xiaotong Lu, Jinzhao Li, Xinjun Du

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] A simple and sensitive detection method for Staphylococcus aureus is established for the efficient detection of this pathogen in food.[Method ] Targeting Staphylococcus aureus,a simple and sensitive fluorescent detection method for Staphylococcus aureus,EXPAR-P-AgNCs,was developed based on exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR ) combined with DNA silver nanoclusters (P-AgNCs ).A recognition probe was designed to initiate EXPAR in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus,generating a large amount of target DNA(T).The binding of T to hairpin P displaced the G-rich strand from P-AgNCs,resulting in a decrease in the relative fluorescence intensity of P-AgNCs and enabling the detection of Staphylococc us aureus.[Result ] …

Physicochemical Indicators , Microbial Diversity , And Volatile Substances In The Qupi And Quxin Of High-Temperature Daqu, Dan Xie, Cheng Wu, Wenyu Zhao, Jianfeng Hu, Pingyan Cheng, Yuanlin Bi, Junlin Yang, Xiaolong You, Diqiang Wang

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to explore the physicochemical indicators,microbial diversity,and volatile substances in the Qupi (surface ) and Quxin (core) of high-temperature Daqu.[Method ] High-throughput sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS ) were employed to compare the microbial diversity,volatile substances,and physicochemical indicators between Qupi and Quxin of three types of Daqu.[Result ] The moisture mass fraction in Qupi of the three types of Daqu was lower than that in Quxin (P<0.05),and the moisture mass fraction was the lowest in the Qupi of white Daqu (WP) and the highest in the Quxin of yellow Daqu (YX).The acidity of Qupi and Quxin were in the order of Quxin of black Daqu (BX) > YX > Qupi of black Daqu (BP) > Quxin of white Daqu (WX) > Qupi of yellow Daqu (YP) > WP.High-throughput sequencing results showed that Firmicutes and …

Heterologous Expression And Application Of A Thermophilic Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase, Le Xie, Longyun Peng, Yun Hu, Hongyan Ren, Haiyan Sun, Fubao Sun

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to investigate the application of a novel thermophilic lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO ) in the efficient cellulase-mediated hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates.[Method ] The thermophilic enzyme mgLPMO 10,derived from a compost metagenome,was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli ).Its expression level was improved by modifying the signal peptide of the expression vector and induction conditions (temperature,IPTG concentration,and induction time ).The enzyme was then characterized in terms of the optimal temperature,optimal pH,thermal stability,pH stability,and the effects of metal ions on its enzyme activity.Subsequently,the synergistic hydrolysis efficiency of mgLPMO 10 with two thermophilic endoglucanases (TnCelB and DtCelB ) …

Preparation , Performance , And Application Of A High-Performance Affinity Chromatography Medium Based On Staphylococcus Aureus Protein A, Zihao Guo, Chaoqing Yan, Haifeng Xia

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA ) is widely used for the purification of monoclonal antibodies due to its high specificity for immunoglobulin G (IgG).However,the high costs of commercial media have limited the further development of SPA.To address this issue,this paper aims to prepare a high-performance affinity chromatography medium based on SPA as the substitute of introduced affinity chromatography media.[Method ] SPA expressed by the recombinant strain was purified via Ni2+ affinity chromatography and then coupled to the Rigose HF matrix to prepare an self-prepared affinity chromatography medium.[Result ] The self-prepared medium had a static saturated adsorption capacity of …

Phrg-Rapg-Degu Quorum Sensing Regulates Menaquinone- 7 Production In Bacillus Subtilis, Junbao Huang, Xilin Huang, Yu Chen, Xuli Gao, Yani Luo, Wei Tao, Yongyuan Liu, Mingyu Guo, Jing Wu, Yan Liu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] The effects of the transcription regulation system on menaquinone- 7 (MK- 7) production in Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis ) 168 were studied by excavating transcription regulators.[Method ] With the signal molecule PhrG pentapeptide,RapG,and the transcription regulator DegU,a PhrG-RapG-DegU regulatory system was successfully constructed in B.subtilis 168 to fine-tune the expression of key genes,so that the expression of key genes in the MK- 7 synthesis pathway can respond to the changes in cell density.[Result ] The production of MK- 7 in strain BS 06 reached 102.47 mg/L through this system.[Conclusion ] Fine tuning of quorum sensing can effectively improve the …

Effects Of Edible Fungal Polysaccharides On The Proliferation And Metabolism Of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg, Shengyao Wu, Zikun Ye, Weiyi Xie, Yi Wang, Haotian Ouyang, Chengcheng Zhang, Shenyan Ma

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] The aim of this study is to explore the effects of edible fungal polysaccharides on the proliferation and metabolism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG ).[Method ] Flarnmulina velutipes polysaccharides (FVP ),Tremella fueiformls polysaccharides (TFP),Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAP ),lentinan (LNT ),Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEP ),and Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP ) were selected as carbon sources for the culture of LGG.The viable bacterial count and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs ) were determined.Two polysaccharides were selected from the six polysaccharides and added in different mass ratios to the LGG-fermented milk,and then the pH and textural properties of the …

Nutritional Components And Immunoregulatory Mechanisms Of Lactoferrin Formula, Mengying Zhou, Liujie Zheng, Ruiqing Yao, Hongyu Wu, Gangliang Hu, Zhengquan Huo, Yinhua Ni

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to investigate the immunoregulatory mechanisms of lactoferrin formula and its four nutritional components (α-lactalbumin,N-acetylneuraminic acid,yeast β-glucan,and lactoferrin ) in RAW 264.7 macrophages.[Method ] M1 and M 2 macrophage polarization were induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and interleukin (IL)-4,respectively.Quantitative real-time PCR,flow cytometry,and Western blot were employed to analyze macrophage polarization and related signaling pathways.[Result ] Lactoferrin formula enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages and dose-dependently inhibited M 1 polarization while promoting M 2 polarization within the range of 10~50 µg/mL.A combination of four nutritional components exhibited similar effects,with greater effects than the three-component combination.Additionally,the lactoferrin formula upregulated …

Isolation And In Vitro Inhibition Of Mycotoxin-Metabolizing Strains From Domestic Barley, Ran Qiu, Junhui Zhong, Xiaomin Chang, Lin Xiao, Yanlong Bai, Tengfei Yu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to assess the effects of Fusarium on the malting process and malt quality of barley,screen out the microorganism with inhibitory activity against Fusarium,and explore the potential of this microorganism for degrading deoxynivalenol (DON ).[Method ] The mycotoxin-producing strain was isolated from domestic Dan ’er barley contaminated with pathogenic fungi,and the interaction between the pathogen and the host was studied.The germination rate,water sensitivity,and DON mass fraction were compared between the barley infected for 5 d and standard barley.The DON mass fraction,activities of protease,β-glucanase,and amylase,and physicochemical indicators (free amino acids,soluble nitrogen,and β-glucan mass concentration ) of malt …

Research Progress In Effects Of Bile Acids And Their Receptors On Intestinal Function, Lu Jin, Jiansheng Jin, Yongqiang Gu, Lulu Zhou, Feifei Han

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

Bile acids are the main end products of cholesterol metabolism in the body,playing an important regulatory role in the digestion and metabolism of nutrients,especially lipids.The intestine is the main organ for digestion and absorption,as well as an important site for bile acids to achieve liver-intestinal circulation.Its function is closely related to the interaction between bile acids as signaling molecules and their receptors.Focusing on the metabolism and regulatory mechanism of bile acids,the author reviews the roles and underlying mechanisms of bile acids and their receptors in regulating intestinal barriers,immune function,and gut microbiota.The aim is to provide reference for related research on …

In Vitro Probiotic Effects Of Dextran With A Small Molecular Weight, Dingkun Zhang, Lei Wang, Ziling Yi, Beibei Wei, Deming Rao, Zhiyong Guo, Sheng Chen, Jing Wu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] The aim of this study is to explore the effects of dextran with a small molecular weight (SDex ) on the viability of intestinal microorganisms.[Method ] The probiotic effects of laboratory-designed SDex containing only α-1,6 glycosidic bonds was evaluated by in vitro fermentation with nine typical intestinal strains,including strains from the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,as well as species such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis.The microbial proliferation and organic acid production during fermentation were compared among SDex,commercial dextran 20 (Dex 20),and isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs ).[Result ] SDex and IMOs significantly promoted the proliferation of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and …

Application Of Crispr/Cas System-Based Biosensors In Detection Of Foodborne Pathogens, Miao Zou, Jingyi Zeng, Dandan Zeng, Yuhan Fu, Xu Zhang, Bo Zhao, Tianlu Mo

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

The CRISPR/Cas system can recognize foreign DNA,cut the target,and block or silence the expression of the foreign gene.Due to its precise targeting function,the CRISPR/Cas system has been developed as a highly efficient gene editing tool.With high specificity and operability,the CRISPR/Cas system has been combined with biosensors to improve the detection specificity and efficiency of the sensors.This review introduces the characteristics and applications of CRISPR/Cas system,analyzes the latest progress in the application of CRISPR/Cas system-based biosensors in the detection of foodborne pathogens,and summarizes and prospects the application of such biosensors.

Antibiotic Resistance And Transmission Characteristics Of Enterococcus Faecalis From The Pork Production Chain In Hangzhou, Min Qian, Wei Zhou, Zhijin Zhou, Enbao Zhang, Jianzhong Han, Daofeng Qu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and transmission risk of Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis ) in the pork production chain.[Method ] A total of 300 samples were collected from the surface of live pigs,carcasses,and the environment in 2 pig farms,1 slaughterhouse,and 2 markets in Hangzhou,Zhejiang.The strain identification,antibiotic resistance phenotypes,resistance genotypes,and virulence genotypes were performed by 16S rDNA sequences,broth microdilution method (MIC ),and PCR.In addition,multilocus sequencing typing (MLST ) and conjugational transfer tests were conducted.[Result ] The 125 isolates of E.faecalis showed high resistance to antibiotics such as tiamulin,tetracycline,and doxycycline,and the isolates from pig farms showed higher antibiotic …

Evaluation Of The Clinical Alleviation Effect Of Bacillus Coagulans Ccfm 1041 On Functional Constipation, Huahao Cai, Linlin Wang, Qingwei Yao, Xudan Shen, Xingxing Chen, Shumao Cui

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Functional constipation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder caused by multiple factors,with a relatively high and increasing prevalence in China.Previous studies have found that Bacillus coagulans (B.coagulans )CCFM 1041 can alleviate symptoms of functional constipation in mice.[Method ] A double-blind,randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of CCFM 1041 in relieving functional constipation.A total of 73 participants were observed for changes in constipation-related indicators,serum levels of gastrointestinal regulatory neurotransmitters,and gut microbiota before and after the intervention.[Result ] After taking CCFM 1041,84.2% of participants experienced increased bowel movement frequency,and 94.7% of participants showed improved stool consistency.Compared …

Changes In Volatile Aldehydes Of Soymilk After Acid-Precipitation And Its Influencing Factors, Mapeizhan Lou, Caimeng Zhang, Xiangzhen Kong, Xingfei Li, Yeming Chen, Xiaoxiao Feng, Yufei Hua

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Acid precipitation,a common method in plant protein processing,can efficiently achieve protein enrichment and removal of non-protein components (including off-flavor substances ) on a large scale.This study aims to explore the causes for the abnormal increases in aldehydes of soymilk after acid precipitation.[Method ] Changes in volatile compounds of soymilk before and after acid precipitation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS ).Soymilk components were fractionated by centrifugation,and the contributions of different fractions to the increases in aldehydes were investigated.The changes in the molar concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides before and after acid precipitation were determined,and a molar ratio between …

Identification Of Honey Authenticity By Terahertz Spectroscopy, Luelue Huang, Zhiqi Wang, Miaoling Liu, Bin Li

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to identify honey authenticity by terahertz (THz) spectroscopy.[Method ] Different honey samples were analyzed by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS ),and the results served as a reference for terahertz spectroscopy.The sample requirements and analytical conditions of terahertz spectroscopy were verified by comparing the results of these two methods.[Result ] Liquid honey samples exhibited no discernible absorption peaks.However,significant differences in refractive index were observed among samples.The presence of water in liquid honey,particularly at high levels,affected the refractive index,potentially leading to misjudgment.After removal of water from liquid honey via freeze-drying,terahertz attenuated total reflection was employed for …

Effects Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Fermentation On Flavonoids And Organic Acids In Mango Juice, Ying Yang, Dongdong Yang, Li Li, Xuemei He, Dongqing Ye

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum ) fermentation on the metabolism of flavonoids and organic acids in mango juice.[Method ] Six strains of L.plantarum were selected for fermentation of the juice samples from two mango varieties ‘Tainong' and ‘Guiqi'.The mass concentrations of organic acids and flavonoids in the juice samples were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS ).Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis was employed to compare the metabolites in the mango juice samples fermented with different strains.[Result ] L.plantarum fermentation significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC ) …

Effects Of Palmitic Acid-Rich Diet On Tumor Growth And Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition In The Mouse Model Of Prostate Cancer, Jiayao Chen, Fengjiao Huang, Bingqian Sun, Yongquan Chen, Xiaoying Wang

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to explore the effect of palmitic acid (PA)-rich diet on prostate cancer (PCa) in mice.[Method ] The TCGA database and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze the differential expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN ) between the PCa tissue and adjacent normal tissue.In addition,twelve nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with LNCaP cells and assigned into two groups.One group was fed a PA-rich diet,while the other group was fed a normal control (NC) diet.Twelve mice overexpressing the C-myc gene (C-mycT) were assigned into two groups and fed the same diets as the nude mice.The growth of …

Metagenomic Analysis Of Microbial Community Structure And Functional Genes In Horse Milk From Northern Xinjiang, Gaoshaer Kayierhali, Zhiang Fu, Danhua Ouyang, Haini Bayinda, Bakhetgul Manatbay

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Horse milk has a high nutritional value and a unique flavor,which are closely related to its complex microbial composition,and different geographical locations and climates will affect the microbial community structure of horse milk.This study aims to explore the effects of different geographical locations on the microbial community structure in horse milk.[Method ] Metagenomic technology was employed to analyze the microbial diversity of 14 batches of horse milk samples from 3 different regions in northern Xinjiang,and the functional genes were excavated.[Result ] A total of 26 species of microorganisms were identified,belonging to 9 phyla,14 classes,25 orders,28 families,and 45 genera.The …

Effects Of Thermal Treatment On The Binding Ability Of Type I Collagen Toaroma Compounds Of Broth, Xiaolin Luo, Yi Yuan, Xiangyi Chen, Shutao Liu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to reveal the interactions between collagen and volatile compounds during the cooking process.[Method ] The relative molecular weight,particle size,solubility,secondary structure,and surface hydrophobicity of collagen and the droplet size of the collagen emulsion were studied.Furthermore,the binding ability of collagen to volatile compounds of the aqueous and emulsion systems of collagen was measured.[Result ] As the heating time was extended,the triple-helix structure of collagen was destroyed and the polypeptide chains were degraded,which were accompanied with the decrease in surface hydrophobicity,increase in solubility,and heat-induced aggregation.The binding ability of collagen to volatile compounds gradually decreased with the extension of …

Identification Of Antigens For Food Allergy And Food Allergen Detection, Ellenor Sell

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Antibody-based allergen testing is an essential part of allergen management in the food industry. These methods directly detect one or more molecules of the allergenic foodstuff (target’ molecule(s)) and the presence of the allergenic foodstuff is inferred. The identity of these target molecules is crucial to the performance of the method and the interpretation of results. The goal of this study was to develop protein/antibody capture methodology for the identification of antibody binding partners using mass spectrometry.

This study is broken down into three separate projects: the characterization of the antigen-antibody complexes present in sandwich ELISAs, LFDs, and human sera. …

Understanding The Impact Of Colloidal Calcium Phosphate On The Ph Variation In Cheddar Cheese During Early Stages Of Aging, Rachel Lindstrom

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present

The Cheddar cheese industry has recently observed variation in the pH of their cheese during the early stage of storage. This variation may be due to the addition of the faster acid producing thermophilic starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus which was recently introduced into the Cheddar cheese making process. This starter culture may impact the calcium buffering properties of the cheese due to more retention of the insoluble calcium (INSOL Ca) within the cheese. To investigate this problem, we studied how insoluble calcium affects cheeses with pH ranging from 4.8 to 6.6 and found that INSOL Ca was positively correlated with …

Highly Targeted Metabolomics Coupled With Gene Expression Analysis By Rt–Qpcr Improves Beef Separation Based On Grass, Grain, Or Grape Supplemented Diet, Lucas Krusinski, Chloe Castanon, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Isabella C. F. Maciel, Muhammad Ahsin, Stephan Van Vliet, Jason E. Rowntree, Jennifer I. Fenton

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective of this study was to use a multi-omics (i.e., gene expression quantification, metabolomics, and fatty acid [FA] profiling) approach to separate and authenticate beef from three different dietary groups. In this 2-year study, Red Angus steers (n = 54) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: (1) complex biodiverse pasture (GRASS), (2) total mixed ration (TMR) in feedlot (GRAIN), or (3) TMR in feedlot supplemented with 5% (dry matter) grapeseed extract for the last 30 days (GRAPE). FAs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), secondary metabolites were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry …

Effect Of Multispecies Swards On The Fat Composition And Oxidative Stability Of Milk From Dairy Cows In Mid-Late Lactation, Samuel Rapisarda, Kate M. Mccarthy, Tommy M. Boland, Helen Sheridan, Frank J. Monahan, Finbar J. Mulligan, Graham O'Neill, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

Multispecies swards have been recognized as more sustainable than traditional ryegrass systems, in addition to providing a range of phytochemicals to the ruminant diet. In this regard, polyphenols may be linked to higher levels of bioactive fatty acids in milk and enhanced nutraceutical properties in dairy products. This study compares the fat composition and oxidative stability of milk produced by cows fed on multispecies swards (MULTI) with milk from two conventional swards [a perennial ryegrass monoculture (PRG) and a mixture of perennial ryegrass and white clover (PRG + WC)] during the Irish summer. Milk from cows fed on MULTI had …

Effects Of Starter Cultures On The Metabolite Profile, Antioxidant Activities, And Anti-Aging Properties Of Tapuy Lees, Edward Kevin B. Bragais, Paul Mark B. Medina

Biology Faculty Publications

The Philippine rice wine (tapuy) and tapuy lees making process utilizes bubod, the traditional starter culture. The bubod contains variable number and species of microorganisms and influences the physical and chemical properties of tapuy and tapuy lees, resulting in inconsistent quality products. Hence, improvement and standardization of local starter culture are significant. Here, we examined the effects of well-defined starter cultures (Rhizopus oryzae (RO), Mucor indicus (MI), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC)) and bubod on the metabolite profile, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities of tapuy lees. Our results showed the presence of polyphenols (102.36 ± 2.84 to 173.92 …

Beyond The Byproduct: Exploring Approaches For The Sustainable Valorization Of Underutilized Food Streams, Ian Phillip Israelsen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Commercial food processing creates side-streams that are often underutilized yet hold significant potential for valorization into value-added products for consumer use. This study investigated and compared potential protein recovery and lipid removal potential from buckwheat (BW; Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), brewer’s spent grain (BSG), and coffee silverskin (CSS) using a one-step solvent defatting and a pH-shift protein extraction method. The extraction efficiency yields of extracted protein from CSS were significantly lower than all other samples (p < 0.05). The defatted BW had the highest extracted protein content of all samples (p < 0.05). The sizes of the proteins in the starting materials were observed using LDS-PAGE. These sizes were consistent with published values and were mostly unchanged by defatting or the pH-shift process. The presence of 13S globulins and 2S albumins was confirmed under reducing conditions. Protein extracted from all native samples had lower total free essential amino acids than the starting materials. Native CSS and extracted protein followed this trend, but in defatted CSS and respective extracted protein samples, the extracted proteins had higher free essential amino acid content than the starting materials, sometimes of twofold or greater (p < 0.05). After defatting, the percentage of lipids recovered compared to the original lipid content of the samples was measured. The crude fat content of native and hexane-defatted BW flour was higher than BW flour defatted with ethanol (p < 0.05). The lipid extraction efficiency of all samples ranged from 4.6 ± 1.26%–43.20 ± 14.21%. The mass of the native and defatted starting materials were recorded at each step of processing, with reasonable losses assessed. The major non-polar lipid classes in each starting material were separated using thin-layer chromatography. All samples also displayed the presence of polar lipids. When comparing starting materials, BW and BSG was the most effective for protein extraction, and BSG has the most promise for lipid removal and potential for upcycling. All the examined starting materials show promise for use in food supplementation, especially as native flours. These products are plentiful and considered underutilized or side-stream products.