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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Food Chemistry
Ruggedized Color Measurement For Beer, Wort, And Malt, Roger Barth, Randall H. Reiger, Yuki Kim
Ruggedized Color Measurement For Beer, Wort, And Malt, Roger Barth, Randall H. Reiger, Yuki Kim
Chemistry Faculty Publications
The standard instrument for measuring malt, wort, and beer color is the spectrophotometer. Spectrophotometers are not rugged; they have critically aligned collimators, monochromators, lenses, slits, and mirrors that make them difficult to use and maintain in a production environment. Our research shows that wort and beer color can be measured accurately with rugged equipment based on light emitting diodes (LEDs) with results in agreement with those of a spectrophotometer. Two or more colored diodes were used. LED-based apparatus does not require critical alignment, is not highly sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, dust, and vibration, and can be …
Handling Compressed Gases And Cryogens, Roger Barth
Handling Compressed Gases And Cryogens, Roger Barth
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Compressed gases and cryogenic liquids are widely used in beer brewing and serving. The nature of these materials can present mechanical, toxic, asphyxiation, extreme cold, and chemical hazards. This article explains the equipment and procedures for safe use of compressed gases and cryogenic liquids frequently used in the beer industry. Guidelines for labeling, storage, transit within a facility, connecting to brewing or serving systems, and checking for leaks are presented. Specifics regarding hazards associated with oxygen (chemical hazard), carbon dioxide (toxic), and nitrogen (asphyxiant) are discussed. Special procedures and precautions for two frequently used cryogens, liquid nitrogen and bulk carbon …
Crystal Structure Of Zymonic Acid And A Redetermination Of Its Precursor, Pyruvic Acid, Dominik Heger, Alexis J. Eugene, Sean R. Parkin, Marcelo I. Guzman
Crystal Structure Of Zymonic Acid And A Redetermination Of Its Precursor, Pyruvic Acid, Dominik Heger, Alexis J. Eugene, Sean R. Parkin, Marcelo I. Guzman
Chemistry Faculty Publications
The structure of zymonic acid (systematic name: 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid), C6H6O5, which had previously eluded crystallographic determination, is presented here for the first time. It forms by intramolecular condensation of parapyruvic acid, which is the product of aldol condensation of pyruvic acid. A redetermination of the crystal structure of pyruvic acid (systematic name: 2-oxopropanoic acid), C3H4O3, at low temperature (90 K) and with increased precision, is also presented [for the previous structure, see: Harata et al. (1977). Acta Cryst. B33, 210–212]. In zymonic acid, the hydroxylactone ring …
A Galactomannoglucan Derived From Agaricus Brasiliensis: Purification, Characterization And Macrophage Activation Via Mapk And Ikappab/Nfkappab Pathways, Yanqing Zhang, Danting Liu, Leilei Fang, Xiaotong Zhao, Aimin Zhou, Junbo Xie
A Galactomannoglucan Derived From Agaricus Brasiliensis: Purification, Characterization And Macrophage Activation Via Mapk And Ikappab/Nfkappab Pathways, Yanqing Zhang, Danting Liu, Leilei Fang, Xiaotong Zhao, Aimin Zhou, Junbo Xie
Chemistry Faculty Publications
In this study, a novel galactomannoglucan named as TJ2 was isolated from Agaricus brasiliensis with microwave extraction, macroporous resin, ion exchange resin and high resolution gel chromatography. TJ2 is composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in the ratio 99.2:0.2:0.6. Infrared spectra (IR), methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that TJ2 mainly contained a b-(1?3) – linked glucopyranosyl backbone. Interestingly, TJ2 significantly promoted RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and was able to activate the cells to engulf E. coli. In addition, TJ2 induced the expression of Interleukin 1b (IL-1b), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in …
Reactivity Of Ketyl And Acetyl Radicals From Direct Solar Actinic Photolysis Of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid, Alexis J. Eugene, Marcelo I. Guzman
Reactivity Of Ketyl And Acetyl Radicals From Direct Solar Actinic Photolysis Of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid, Alexis J. Eugene, Marcelo I. Guzman
Chemistry Faculty Publications
The variable composition of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) contributes to the large uncertainty for predicting radiative forcing. A better understanding of the reaction mechanisms leading to aerosol formation such as for the photochemical reaction of aqueous pyruvic acid (PA) at λ ≥ 305 nm can contribute to constrain these uncertainties. Herein, the photochemistry of aqueous PA (5-300 mM) continuously sparged with air is re-examined in the laboratory under comparable irradiance at 38° N at noon on a summer day. Several analytical methods are employed to monitor the time series of the reaction, including (1) the derivatization of carbonyl (C═O) functional …